Art, Literature & Philosophy

The World of European Culture

Versailles

I. The Lifestyles of the Absolutists

Mars Drawing Room, Versailles

Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

Latone Fountain, Versailles

Peterhof Palace, St. Petersburg

Winter Palace,St. Petersburg

Catherine Palace, St. Petersburg

St. Isaac’s Cathedral, St. Petersburg

developed out of anxiety & uncertainty related to political instability

characteristicselongated figuresshowed sufferingheightened emotion (and less emphasis on

reason)El Greco was the best known Mannerist

painter

II. Mannerism

“Pietà” by El Greco

“Christ in Agony on the Cross” - El Greco

“The Baptism of Christ” – El Greco

brought together the classical ideals of the Renaissance with religious revival

characteristicsdramatic effects to create emotiondisplay the power of the king

artists included Gian Lorenzo Bernini & Atemisia Gentileschi

III. Baroque

St. Peter’s Basilica – Bernini

Bust of Louis XIV – Bernini

Bust of Cardinal Richelieu – Bernini

Baroque Furniture

IV. LiteratureWilliam Shakespeare

a playwright, actor & dramatist

wrote works that appealed to a wide audience

The Globe Theatermajor works

Romeo & Juliet Hamlet Julius Caesar Macbeth Twelfth Night Much Ado About Nothing A Midsummer Night’s

Dream

Miguel de CervantesSpanish writer

major work – Don Quixotecontrasts the two

sides of a personthe visionary (Don

Quixote)the realist (Sancho

Panza)

V. Political PhilosophyThomas Hobbesmajor work –

Leviathan (1651)life is “nasty, brutish

& short”people agree to a

social contract for protection

was an argument in favor of absolute monarchy

John Lockemajor work – Two Treatises

of Government (1690)natural rights 3 phases

1. Govts. created by the people.

2. Govt. protects the rights of the people.

3. If govt. does not meet the needs of the people, the people have the right to rebel & form a new govt.

did not support absolutism