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Art Nouveau in Graphic Design - Jules Cheret, Eugene Grasset, Henri Toulouse Lautrec (for TFA 120)
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Art Nouveau in Graphic
DesignJules Charet Eugene Grasset
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
o In the late 1800s, Europeans had a fascination with anything Japanese
o One of the most popular imports was the Japanese woodblock print called the Ukiyo-e or “pictures of the floating world”
Woodblock print, Hiroshige, Japan 1857
Influences
o Another source of inspiration for Art Nouveau came from painters like Van Gogh and his swirling forms
“The Yellow Corn”, Vincent Van Gogh, Netherlands 1889
Influences
Influenceso Other paintings like that of
Dega with simplified figures and silhouettes were also influential
Les Café-Concert Des Ambassadeurs, Edgar Degas, France 1877
o Graphic Art Nouveau pieces were painted, drawn, and printed in popular forms such as advertisements, posters, labels, magazines, book-covers and the like
Arthur Macmurdo’s book-cover for Wren's City
Churches (1883)
Influences
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932) o French painter and
Lithographer
o Master of Belle Epoque poster art
o the Father of the Modern Poster
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o Three-year apprenticeship with a lithographer at 13
o Took an art course at the École Nationale de Dessin
o 1859 to 1866, he was trained in lithography in London, England
Lithography
o (from Greek λίθος - lithos, 'stone' + γράφω - graphο, 'to write') is a method for printing using a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a completely smooth surface.
o the positive part of an image is a hydrophobic, or "water hating" substance, while the negative image would be hydrophilic or "water loving”
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o New lithographic technique that suited better the needs of advertisers
o More color which, in conjunction with innovative typography, rendered the poster much more expressive
Foiles-Berger, La loie Fuller - “The Fire Dancer”, Jules Cheret 1897
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o Influenced by Japanese woodblock prints which usually have a black outline filled with flat or graduated color
o Images designed as simplified abstract shapes and silhouettes
Poster advertising the Palais de Glace, Champs Elysees, Jules Cheret
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o 'Orphée aux Enfers‘ was his first ever sold in poster in 1858
o Eugene Rimmel financed Chéret's lithography studio
o First success was the poster 'La Biche au Bois' (1866)
“Orphée aux Enfers”, Jules Cheret, 1858
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o 'Orphée aux Enfers‘ was his first ever sold in poster in 1858
o Eugene Rimmel financed Chéret's lithography studio
o First success was the poster 'La Biche au Bois' (1866)
“La biche au Bois”, Jules Cheret, 1866
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)o created vivid poster ads for
the cabarets, music halls, and theaters such as the Eldorado, the Olympia, the Folies Bergères, Theatre de l'Opera, the Alcazar d'Été and the Moulin Rouge
o influence by the scenes of frivolity depicted in the works of Rococo artists
o Providing advertisements for the plays of touring troupes, municipal festivals, and then for beverages and liquors, perfumes, soaps, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products
o Became a major advertising force
'Ball at the Moulin Rouge, Place Blanche', 1889
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)o created vivid poster ads for
the cabarets, music halls, and theaters such as the Eldorado, the Olympia, the Folies Bergères, Theatre de l'Opera, the Alcazar d'Été and the Moulin Rouge
o influence by the scenes of frivolity depicted in the works of Rococo artists
o Providing advertisements for the plays of touring troupes, municipal festivals, and then for beverages and liquors, perfumes, soaps, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products
o Became a major advertising force
Vin Mariani, advertisement for tonic wine, Jules Cheret
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o Father of the Women's Liberation
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o Previously been depicted in art as prostitutes or puritans. The women of Chéret's posters, joyous, elegant and lively
o 'Cherettes‘
o Often wearing low-cut bodices,
drinking, and smoking in public
Poster advertising 'Quinquina Dubonnet' aperitif, 1895
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o Previously been depicted in art as prostitutes or puritans. The women of Chéret's posters, joyous, elegant and lively
o 'Cherettes‘
o Often wearing low-cut bodices, drinking, and smoking in public
Poster Advertising the 1896 Carnival at the Theatre de l'Opera, 15th February 1896
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o Previously been depicted in art as prostitutes or puritans. The women of Chéret's posters, joyous, elegant and lively
o 'Cherettes‘
o Often wearing low-cut bodices, drinking, and smoking in public
Poster advertising 'Pippermint', Jules Cheret, 1899
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)Maîtres de l'Affiche
o Masters of the Poster series from 1895-1900
o A significant art publication of smaller sized reproductions featuring the best works of ninety-seven Parisian artists
Confetti, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1864-1901)
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
Maîtres de l'Affiche
o Masters of the Poster series from 1895-1900
o A significant art publication of smaller sized reproductions featuring the best works of ninety-seven Parisian artists
Salon des Cent, Grasset Eugene, 1898
Jules Chéret (May 31, 1836 –
September 23, 1932)
o Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur (1890)
o ‘The creator of an art industry', in turning commercial art into a recognised art form
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o Swiss decorative artist
o worked in Paris, France in a variety of creative design fields during the Belle Époque
o active in all areas of applied art, including furniture design, book illustrations, and posters
o son of a cabinet designer/maker and sculptor
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o studied drawing under Francois-Louis David Bocion
o studied architecture at Zurich (1861)
o visited Egypt
The June Century, Eugene Grasset, 1895
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o worked as a painter and sculptor in Lausanne, 1869
o designed furniture fabrics and tapestries as well as ceramics and jewelry, Paris 1871
o turned to graphic design, producing income-generating products such as postcards and eventually postage stamps for both France and Switzerland, 1877
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o became part of the Maîtres de l'Affiche including his lithograph, "Jeanne d'Arc Sarah Bernhardt“
Jeanne d'Arc Sarah Bernhardt, Eugene Grasset, 1899
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o illustrator of the stories "Le Petit Nab" (1877) and "Histoire de quatre fils Aymon" (1883).
o the facade of the Hôtel de Dumas in Paris
o mosaics in Saint Etienne in Braire
o stained glass windows in the cathedral at Orléans
o carpet patterns, decorative iron, jewelry, calenders, postage stamps, etc. Cover, Le Petit Nab,
Grasset, 1877
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o illustrator of the stories "Le Petit Nab" (1877) and "Histoire de quatre fils Aymon" (1883).
o the facade of the Hôtel de Dumas in Paris
o mosaics in Saint Etienne in Braire
o stained glass windows in the cathedral at Orléans
o carpet patterns, decorative iron, jewelry, calenders, postage stamps, etc.
Cover, Histoire de quatre fils Aymon, Grasset, 1883
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o 1890, he designed the "Semeuse" logo used by the dictionary publishers, Éditions Larousse
Le Premiere Semeuse Realisee, Eugene Grasset, 1890
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o 1880s, he did his first American commission
o did cover design for the 1892 Christmas issue of Harper's Magazine
o helped pave the way for Art Nouveau to dominate American art
o 1894 created "The Wooly Horse" and "The Sun of Austerlitz" for The Century Magazine to help advertise their serialized story on the life of Napoleon Bonaparte
Cover, Christmas Issue, Harper’s Magazine, Grasset 1892
Eugène Grasset (May 25,
1845 – October 23, 1917)
o taught design at École Guérin (from 1890 to 1903), at École d’Art graphique from Madame street (from 1903 to 1904), at Académie de la Grande Chaumière (from 1904 to 1913) and at École Estienne in Paris
Grasset Typeface
o Introduced by the G. Peignot et Fils typefoundry at the Universal Exhibition of 1900 in Paris
o an Italic design Eugène Grasset created in 1898 for use on some of his posters
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o a French painter, printmaker, draughtsman, and illustrator
o known along with Cézanne, Van Gogh, and Gauguin as one of the greatest painters of the Post-Impressionist period
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o firstborn child of Comte Alphonse and Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec (first cousins)
o Member of an aristocratic family that are descendants of Charlemagne
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o Pycnodysostosis (also sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome)
o only 1.52 m (5 ft) tall
o adult-sized torso, while retaining his child-sized legs
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o Mentored by Rene Princeteau who specialized in horses
o Studied under portrait painter Léon Bonnat & then Fernand Cormon at Montmarte
o Met first prostitute, Marie-Charloute
At the Circus Fernando, Toulouse-Lautrec, 1888
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o Mentored by Rene Princeteau who specialized in horses
o Studied under portrait painter Léon Bonnat & then Fernand Cormon at Montmarte
o Met first prostitute, Marie-Charloute
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
Moulin Rouge
o the dancer Louise Weber, aka La Goulue ("The Glutton") who created the "French Can-Can“
o dancer Jane Avril
o singer Yvette Guilbert
Moulin Rouge - La Goulue poster, Toulouse-Lautres, 1891
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
Moulin Rouge
o the dancer Louise Weber, aka La Goulue ("The Glutton") who created the "French Can-Can“
o dancer Jane Avril
o singer Yvette Guilbert
Jane Avril, Toulouse-Lautres, 1891
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
Moulin Rouge
o the dancer Louise Weber, aka La Goulue ("The Glutton") who created the "French Can-Can“
o dancer Jane Avril
o singer Yvette Guilbert
Yvette Guilbert Le photographe, Place pigeon, 9, Toulouse-Lautres, 1894
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
Moulin Rouge
o Was portrayed by John Leguizamo in Moulin Rouge! (2001)
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
London
o 'Confetti' poster and the bicycle advert 'La Chaîne Simpson‘
o befriended Oscar Wilde
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24
November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o mocked for his short stature and physical appearance, and this led him to drown his sorrows in alcohol
o cocktail "Earthquake" or Tremblement de Terre (Absinthe + cognac)
o Syphilis
o Institutionalized
o Died at 36Jules Charet showing Henri Toulouse- Lautrec his poster of Moulin Rouge
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o 737 canvases, 275 watercolours, 363 prints and posters, 5,084 drawings
o Inspired by impressionists Manet and Degas
o Japanese woodprints
La Blanchisseuse (The Laundress), Toulouse-Lautrec, 1884
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o capturing people in their working environment
o colour and the movement of the gaudy night-life present, but the glamour stripped away
o capturing crowd scenes in which the figures are highly individualised
o Bold brushstrokes & defined lines
A Corner of the Moulin de la Galette, Toulouse-Lautrec, 1892
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o capturing people in their working environment
o colour and the movement of the gaudy night-life present, but the glamour stripped away
o capturing crowd scenes in which the figures are highly individualised
o Bold brushstrokes & defined lines
Marcelle Lender on stage, Toulous-Lautrec, 1895
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o capturing people in their working environment
o colour and the movement of the gaudy night-life present, but the glamour stripped away
o capturing crowd scenes in which the figures are highly individualised
o Bold brushstrokes & defined lines
The Medical Inspection at the Rue des Moulins Brothel. Toulouse-Lautrec, 1894
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901)
o capturing people in their working environment
o colour and the movement of the gaudy night-life present, but the glamour stripped away
o capturing crowd scenes in which the figures are highly individualised
o Bold brushstrokes & defined lines
Jane Avril Leaving the Moulin Rouge, 1892
