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7/30/2019 Artical Review
1/1
Shuyang Zhao
Professor Keating
Environmental History
Article Review
In the article, the weirdest of all undertakings: the land and the early industrial
revolution in Oldham, England, the author Matthew Osborn describes and analyzes the great
transformation of the ecology of Oldham and the role that market economy plays in the
commodification of nature. Borrowing the title from the book, the Great Transformation, bythe economist and social critic Karl Polanyi, Osborn focuses on Polanyis idea of the
subordination of social concern to economic concern. Osborn notes the differences between the
industrial transformation of Oldham and some of the other English towns by pointing out that the
harvest of timber and the extraction of the natural resources in Oldham were first started by the
gentry and that it was only until later when the land was sold to coal miners and industrial
capitalists for further exploitation. Osborn also makes the keen observation that the
transformation of Oldham into an industrial town was a gradual, step-by-step process, which
began with the timber felling for the purpose of making profit. In the early days of Oldham,
when it was still an agrarian community, natural resources were carefully managed and
conserved, and the land was mainly used for the purpose of subsistence. However, with the swift
arrival of advanced technology and means of transportation, the town began to gradually open
itself up to external influences. The discovery of the abundant supply of coals under the ground
of Oldham, as the author emphasizes, was one of the important factors that led to the expansion
of commerce and the division of labor that were detrimental to the traditional agrarian use of the
land. The trading network was then greatly facilitated by the construction of turnpikes and
canals, and the previously inaccessible areas of dense forests in Oldham were made accessible.
Osborn makes a significant point about the different attitude of the past and the present owner of
the estates in Oldham toward nature that the old land-owning elites treated nature with kindness
and care while the new owners saw the forests and resources as commodities for sale. This is animportant distinction between the aristocrat and the capitalists view of nature. The final nail to
the coffin of the preservation of Oldhams natural state was the acquirement of the Parliament
Act of Enclosure by the new owners of Oldham that profoundly changed the inhabitants
interaction with the environment by forbidding them to use resources freely and enclosing
parcels of land for profit-making and selling products to the capitalist market.