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Phonetic and Phonology

Articulatory Process

Assimilation

a phonological process in which a speech sound changes and becomes more like or identical to another sound that precedes or follows it. For example, in English the negative PREFIX appears as im- before words beginning with a bilabial stop

(e.g. possible:impossible)

but as in- before words beginning with an alveolar stop

(e.g. tolerant:intolerant).

Kinds of assimilation

Regressive assimilation

Assimilation in which a following sound brings about a change in a preceding one

For example, the rounding of the lips during /s/ in swim is due to the anticipation of the lip action required for /w/.

Progressive assimilation

Assimilation in which a preceding sound brings about a change in a following one

For example, the difference between the /s/ in words like cats and the /z/ in dogs and the difference between the final /t/ in dropped and the final /d/ in praised are examples of progressive assimilation because the finalsound (/s/ or /z/, /t/ or /d/) depends on whether the preceding consonant is voiced or not.

Dissimilation

The opposite of assimilation, result in

two sounds becoming less alike in

articulatory or acoustic terms. The

resulting sequence of sounds is easier

to articulate and distinguish.

For example:

fifth /fifθs/ – (fts)

sixth - sixt

surprise - supprise

Deletion

A process that removes a segment from certain phonetic contexts.

deletion occurs in everyday rapid speech in many languages.

in English, a schwa (ə) is often deleted when the next vowel in the word is stressed.

e.g.

deletion of (ə) in English

Slow Speech Rapid Speech

[pəréɪd] [pŗéɪd] parade

[səpəˊʊz] [spəˊʊz] suppose

Epenthesis

A process that inserts a syllabic or

non-syllabic segment within an

existing string of segment.

for example:word Non-Epenthesis Pr Epenthesis Pron

Something [sʌmθɪŋ] [sʌmpθɪŋ]

Warmth [wɔ:mθ] [wɔ:mpθ]

Tenth [tenθ] [tentθ]

Metathesis

A process that recorders a sequenceof segment. Metathesis often results ina sequence of phones that is easier toarticulate.

for example:

prescribe – perscribe.

spaghetti – pesghetti.