Arts-and-crafts Movement.ppt

7/27/2019 Arts-and-crafts Movement.ppt

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Arts and CraftsMovement

1900-1939By Chelsea, Lauren, Kirsten, and Carly



Setting the scene: 1900-

1939Rapid social, economic, technological, civic, and

cultural change

Industrialization – rise of machines and

impersonal factory work



Setting the scene: 1900-

1939Hull House (1900)

Labor Museum

Jane Addams



Setting the Scene: 1900-

1939WWI (1914-1918)



Setting the Scene: 1900-

1939Economic instability: The Great Depression begins

in 1929



Scientific View vs. Holistic

ViewScientific view of person and physiology of

disease vs. holistic view of person (mind-body

unity)

e.g. X-Rays began to be used in medicine



Getting back to a simpler

timeJohn Ruskin

mid-19th century British university professor

Believed that machines and factory work limited

human happiness Advocated a return to simpler times



The „Work Cure‟

Dr. Herbert J. Hall, Adolf Meyer, and William Rush

Dunton searched for ways to

humanize the care of

chronically ill patientsPromoted the “work cure”

rather than the “rest cure”

Championed “sheltered

workshops” where people

earned a living by makingauthentic objects. The goal

was to give spiritual support

and to help employ people

with mental and physical

disabilities.



Arts-and-Crafts Societies

Arts and Crafts Movement spread from

Great Britain to the U.S. with the help of

furniture-maker and craftsman Gustav Stickley.

The U.S. was accepting of this movement becauseupper classes desired unique, authentic objects,

whereas they criticized mass produced items and

idleness.



Arts-and-Crafts Societies

Handicraft clubs and arts-and-crafts societies beganpopping up around the U.S.

e.g. Boston Society of Arts and Crafts (1901)

Herbert James Hall ran a workshop in Marblehead,Massachusetts. He “called his institution a „school of handicrafts,‟ where patients became „artisans,‟ tasting„the wholesomeness of a life of labor without the

hardships and trials [of] the real industrial world”



Arts-and-Crafts Project

Paper weaving

How can you see this being beneficial as part of

occupational therapy?



Before WWI

Clinics were created for patients with chronicphysical illness

e.g. Consolation House

The goal of OT was to return clients to a state of financial independence

e.g. Arequipa Sanatorium – clients wereencouraged to earn their keep by making pottery

OT had a vocational focus. This paved the wayfor programs which would treat wounded soldiersand sailors returning from WWI.



During WWI

Society felt it was their social and moral

responsibility to rehabilitate soldiers

WWI forced field of OT to clarify its role and

standardize training and practice



During WWI

OT was a means to keep soldiers on the front.

In a lecture given at a meeting of MAOT in 1921, JoelGoldwait, an orthopedic surgeon, said:

“These war experiences showed us what wasobvious before, that idleness is a dangerous thing.Every maimed soldier was likely to become a centreof social unrest and no nation can stand that. Therewere numerous cases of wounds in the hand. Threeor four months were lost by these during ordinary

medical treatments; with occupational therapyavailable, the time was brought down to as manyweeks, and the men returned to the front. This isentirely possible in civil life” (Quiroga, 1995, p. 145).



After WWI

There were six people in attendance at the first

meeting for the National Society for the

Promotion of Occupational Therapy in 1917

300 people attended the society‟s third meeting

in 1919

This demonstrates the development of OT as afield during WWI.



Women‟s Changing Roles

Women gained the right to vote in

1920

Elizabeth Upham started the first OT

program at Milwaukee Downer

College

While women who were nurses were

under the supervision of male

physicians, women in the field of OT

had the opportunity to beinde endent.



Occupational Therapy

SchoolsSome argued: eye, hand, mind, and creative

imagination are stimulated by arts and crafts

As a result, occupational therapy schools began to

offer courses in occupations such as needlework,weaving, metalwork, bookbinding, and leatherwork.

The missions and philosophies of occupational

therapy and the arts-and-crafts movement were so

intertwined over time that it became difficult todistinguish between the two.

Susan E. Tracy



The Impact of the

Arts-and-Crafts MovementEconomic issues led to the demise of sheltered

workshops and arts-and-crafts societies

However, the ideals behind the arts-and-crafts

movement remain.

Some argue that occupational therapists‟ use of

arts-and-crafts has decreased in recent years.



The use of arts-and-crafts in

therapy can be useful:

As a means of self expression

For increasing self-esteem

and motivation

To assist learning processes

How can we incorporate arts-

and-crafts into practice?

The Impact of the

Arts-and-Crafts Movement



References

Levine, R. (1987). The influence of the arts-and-craftsmovement on the professional status of occupationaltherapy. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 41, 248-254.

Quiroga, V. (1995). Occupational Therapy: The First 30 Years: 1900 to 1930. Bethesda, MD: The AmericanOccupational Therapy Association, Inc.

Reed, K. (1986). Tools of practice: heritage or baggage?:1986 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture. The AmericanJournal of Occupational Therapy, 40, 597-605.

Thompson, M. (1998). Creative arts in occupationaltherapy: Ancient history or contemporary practise?Occupational Therapy International, 5 , 48-64.

Documents

Arts-and-crafts Movement.ppt