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§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
§1
www.albemarle.com
ARUBRAS / AlbemarleFlame Retardants
Aug 2007
www.albemarle.com
2 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
ARUBRAS S.A
En ARUBRAS S.A. nos dedicamos a la comercialización y distribución de productos químicos destinados la mayoríade los rubros industriales.
Representamos localmente empresas de gran peso internacional.Tenemos en nuestro stock local mas de 120 productos y junto con elsoporte técnico local de nuestro personal e internacional a través de las
representaciones propiciamos gran cantidad de nuevos desarrollos.
Mas información en: www.arubras.com.ar
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
3 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Albemarle Overview• 2006 Net Sales = $2.4 billion• Provider of specialty chemicals that provide benefits to many consumer products• Technology and service-based business model yields innovative solutions
• Three business segments with strong, balanced product portfolios• Business model is committed to product and environmental stewardship
www.albemarle.com
4 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
The Flame Retardant Leader
Broad, Innovative Product Portfolio
• Bromine, Mineral, Phosphorus
Low-Cost Manufacturing
• Bromine: plants located at low -cost brine locations (Arkansas and Jordan)
• Mineral: low capital cost in Europe, replicated in U.S., China
• Phosphorus: regional low -cost manufacturing locations; plant under construction in China
Broad Application & Product Innovation
Global Market for Flame Retardants$3.19 Billion (est.) - 2006
Alumina tri hidrat.Alumina tri hidrat.
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
5 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Furnishing
BuildingTextiles Coatings
Wire & Cable
PUR FoamsRB-49, RB-79, 7980, RZ-243/254, RB9500/1,
RB9130/9170Complete Antiblaze Range
, 2006
Textile S-102E, HP900, HP-8010, RB-49, APP 2007
EPS/XPS HP-900 2007
POS-102E, BT-93, BT-93W, S-8010, S-120
Martinal & Magnifin Range, 2006
Electrical Components PBT/PET/NylonS-102E, BT-93, BT-93W, PBT-620, HP-5010
HP-7010, 68PB, S-120, S-8010, HP-3010, 2006
Business Equipment
TV’sAppliances
HIPSS-102E, S-8010, BT-93 , S-4010
BT-93W, HP-900, CP-2000
PC/ABS P-30 Searching
ABSCP-2000, S-8010, BT-93, HP3010
BT-93W, S-1202006
Printed Wiring Boards EPOXY CP-2000 TS601 & TS610 2006
Application Market Albemarle Existing ProductsRecent or Planned
New Product Introductions
Albemarle is very active in new product development
Albemarle Flame Retardant Offering
www.albemarle.com
6 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
2005 US Fire Safety Statistics
§Fire departments went to 1,602,000 fires§Firefighters killed – 87§Civilians killed – 3,675§Civilians injured – 17,925§Direct property loss – $10.7 billion§Structural fires – 511,000 & 3,030 deaths§ 82% occurred in residential properties
§Vehicle fires – 290,000 & 500 deaths§Property damage ~ $1.05 billion
Source: Fire Loss in the United States During 2005, by Michael J. Karter, Jr.
An NFPA study published in April 2005 reported that upholstered furniture fires were associated with the most civilian deaths involving products in homes (Rohr, K, April 2005. US NFPA study: “Products first ignited in US Home Fires”)
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
7 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Extract from a Dutch TV documentary, RTL 5, 2000
…..after 11 minutes
Non flame retardedFlame retarded to UK-standard
FR vs. Non FR TV
Sustainable Fire Safety
www.albemarle.com
8 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
What can Flame Retardants Do?
tem
per
atu
re
start of fire flash over time
Increase the threshold required to ignite a product: … prevent a fire starting in the first place
Reduce the rate of fire spread:… avoid or delay flashover
Reduce the rate of burning: … reduce fire intensity
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
9 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Polymer Combustion
DISPERSION
PHASE
BOUNDARY
GAS PHASE
SOLID PHASE
HEAT FROM IGNITION SOURCE
THERMAL DEGRADATION
VOLATILE PRODUCTS
THERMAL OXIDATION
Fuel
OxygenHeat
OXYGEN
THERMAL OXIDATION
(FLAME)
HEAT
DECOMPOSITION
PRODUCTS
DISPERSION
CHARRED RESIDUE HEAT
Source: G. Camino etal., Polymer Degradation & Stability (1991)
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10 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Flame Retardant Types
§ Halogens§ Brominated and chlorinated compounds
§ Flame interruption via free radical termination of combustible polymer fragments in the gas phase
§ Mineral-based (water of hydration)§ aluminum hydroxide (ATH)§ magnesium hydroxide (MDH)
§ Cooling, dilution, charring (capa carbonosa)
§ Phosphorus-based§ Intumescence, charring
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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11 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
FR Modes of Action
§Cooling§Dilution§Insulating foamed char or coating
aislante espumado o recubrimiento carbonoso
§Flame Suppressor
Heat Oxygen
Fuel
www.albemarle.com
12 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
FR Modes of Action:Cooling
§Creates a heat-sink from a compound that decomposes in an endothermic process
Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH):> 180> 180°°CC
2 Al(OH)2 Al(OH)2 Al(OH)2 Al(OH) 3333____________________________> Al> Al> Al> Al 2222OOOO3333 + 3 H+ 3 H+ 3 H+ 3 H2222OOOO
Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH):
> 300 > 300 °°CCMg(OH)Mg(OH)Mg(OH)Mg(OH) 2 2 2 2
____________________________> MgO + H> MgO + H> MgO + H> MgO + H 2222OOOO
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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13 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
FR Modes of Action: Dilution
§ Incorporation of inert substances§ Dilutes fuel available for combustion in sold and/or
gas phases
§ Can evolve inert gases on decomposition§ Many additives can serve this function§ Clay, talc, wood flour, and other fillers…but filler needs
to be less flammable than polymer§ Mineral FR’s (ATH or MDH)
§ High additive concentration is needed
www.albemarle.com
14 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
FR Modes of Action:Insulating Foamed Char or Coating
§ Formation of foamed char or coating on the surface of the polymer….serves as a physical barrier to heat and mass/gas transfer
§Phosphorus based FR’s§Mineral based FR’s (ATH, MDH)§Borates
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
15 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
FR Modes of Action:Flame suppressor
§ Interrupts the radical reactions of the gas phase combustion process§Halogenated compounds in combination with
antimony trioxide (synergist), some phosphorus and halogenated-phosphorus compounds§Stops the exothermic processes§Cools down the system, reduces the supply of
flammable gases and suppresses the fire§Most efficient and cost-effective method for flame
retarding polymers
www.albemarle.com
16 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
What Fire Retardant to use in Rigid Polyurethanes?
Nothing
“Cl”-”P” or “P”
Aliphatic Br
Aromatic Br
“P” “Cl” “Br”BlendsTest Severity Scale
Poor
Good
Better
Best
Excellent
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
17 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Aromatic Fire RetardantAlbemarle ‘Mother Molecule’
SAYTEX RB-79Diol of tetrabromo phthallic anhydride
Hydroxyl number : 200-235 mg KOH /g
Bromine content : 45-46.5 wt%
Viscosity @ 25°C : 80000-120000 mPas
Viscosity @ 60°C : 800-2400 mPas
Br
Br
Br
Br
O
O
O
O
OH
OOH
CAS# 77098-07-8
RB-79 is the most common brominated FR used for rigid PU foams. It offers improved burn and physical properties over plasticizers type of Fire Retardants.
www.albemarle.com
18 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
SAYTEX RB-79 Features
• High viscosity liquid aromatic brominated diol.Relatively easy to make homogeneous mixture with other components.
• Reactive with isocyanate.Gets incorporated in the polymer chain / network. No chance of getting leached form the polymer matrix.
• High bromine content.Need low amount to meet FR standards.
• Stable in blend over time.Long storage time
• Compatibility with polyol, blowing agents, reactive and non-reactive blend components.
• Compatibility with polyether and polyester polyols.
• Non detrimental to foam strength.
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
19 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Product RB 79 XP-7578 XP-7474 XP-7602 XP-7608
% Bromine 18.9 18.9 36.8 25.8 18.9
% Chlorine --- 15.6 0.0 9.8 16.0
% Phosphorous --- 4.5 0.0 2.8 4.5
Viscosity @ 25F cps 100,000 225 1,400 550 200
SPG 1.82 1.44 1.61 1.51 1.45
Hydroxyl # 220 122 172 120 88
Comments Basic Material
Spray
Sandwich Panels
All Systems Spray
Sandwich Panels
PIR Lamination application
Green Strength Technology
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20 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Fire Safety Codes, Standards and Tests for Flexible PU Foam
Europe & UK§ BS-5852 Part 2 crib 5 - furniture in UK§ EN 1021-1 and EN1021-2 - cigarette and small flame ignition tests for
seating - European tests & standards§ EN 597-1 and EN 597-2 - mattresses - European tests & standards§ CSE RF 4/83 – enforced in Italy for public applications§ ISO 3795 (JIS D 1201) – automobile applications§ France is working on requiring fire resistance for upholstered furniture
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
21 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
Flame Retarding PU Foam
§ Common Flexible PU Foam Flame Retardants:§ TMCP or TCPP: Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (Antiblaze® TMCP)§ TDCP: Tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl) phosphate (Antiblaze® 190)
§ V6: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)trimethylene bis (bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphate) (Antiblaze® V-6)§ Non-reactive and reactive brominated compounds§ Phosphorus-based compounds
§ Common Rigid PU Foam Flame Retardants:
§ TMCP or TCPP (Antiblaze® TMCP)§ TCEP: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate§ Brominated aromatic polyalcohol§ DEEP: Diethyl ethylphosphonate (Antiblaze® V490)
www.albemarle.com
22 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation
www.albemarle.com Albemarle Corporationwww.arubras.com.ar Arubras S.A.
www.specialchem.com see Albemarle FRs
www.bsef.com Bromine Science and Environmental Forum
www.fire-safety.net American Fire Safety Council
www.firemarshals.org National Association of State Fire Marshals
www.acfse.org European Fire Safety Coalition
www.ebfrip.org European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry
More Information on the Web…
§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007
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www.albemarle.com
Questions ?? Thank You!!