Arvind Sharma--On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism, Hindutva

8/19/2019 Arvind Sharma--On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism, Hindutva

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On Hindu, Hindustān, Hinduism and HindutvaAuthor(s): Arvind SharmaSource: Numen, Vol. 49, No. 1 (2002), pp. 1-36Published by: BrillStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3270470Accessed: 21-03-2016 01:17 UTC

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3/37

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4/37

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5/37

4 A r v n d h r m

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6/37

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7/37

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8/37

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9/37

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10/37

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11/37

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o pp o n r g ou r gum n h n bo h p r r H n du T h J n h oug h

h y r d Br hm n m w r H ndu b u h y w r r gu ng n d

o m ng w h Br hm n u h r gum n w r no k ng p b w n

H ndu n dM u m T h M u m d d no h r n yb r mn oo gy w h h

o h r M u m h d h r ow nf rm wo rk n d o o g fr m wo rk h m

frmwork

n r y o n rodu bro d r on d r on h po n

wh h w pr ov o b of ng g n f n A h ough on u

om d o o ok ng h nd n h or r y n r m of H n du

Mu m p o r y h mu w y b mp r dw h r o gn o n

of h p u r m w h h h r r d n d T h r w r w y m ny

n dk ng do m n d f r 1 00 0 u h r o ud b

w h h r n o H n du o o o h r o u d b k n gd om w h h w r n o

H nd u Bu u h b ro d fr m wo rk of mu p o ud

ommo d b rr o n or d v o n or x p o n o o u d h m u

p k n gd om o mm od h n w M u m k n gd om h r b y o n

nu ng r h r h n r p n g h r d on of n n m r m of

n n pr M u m n d B h m 1967 123 p rh p wo rh

omp r ng h u on n n d w h h n Ch n h r nd o r o g

n h n kr on dff r from n on n h mor

p ur u n r y pr o R ud op h1 98 77 41

Th o p ur m of nd h po p ur m of mu p

k ngd om o p y d off h o h r o p ro du h m o u o m

h m or T h gn f n of h f o ow ng f n n gd p

b yond h v o f h n d o n h gh h h ono

M h m d o fG h n p r m d m g w or h p o h H n du u b

n h r p r u r r n h o wn p Ahm d 196 490 n d

hr H ndu g n r un dr N h n dT k r o o po on

o f hgh r p on b y n h Gh n w d r my 1 0 1 n d h w h

F rf T u gh u p ur u d h o r p o h bo dy gu r d on d

of R p u h d d by Bh r B h r v o fh m o h r 1 02

no b n g m d h r h h H n du n d Mu m o mmun

hd v o v d n o or o w rd n g u u r n or h o ppo




12/37

O n H n d u H n d u d n H n d u m n d H n d u v 1 1

b ng m d h h yr m n dpo p r b n h v n r of

ord Th m mu hmor mod h h o po

nd r g ou p ur m of h nd n r y ow d for r n

m ur o fp rm b y m b y n df ud y wh h m y hv

b n ub u n y o r kr 1 99 62 77 2 78

T h p ro b m o fb ou nd r w h r p o H n du r g o n n g n r

d ff u o n n d m o b o m m or o d ur ng r y m d v

o r m d v / r y mod m pr od r wh h r h b

g ro un d b w n o n v n o n n d pr og r v h o r n n n d

n ow d y O n nu mr ou o o n H nd u n d Mu m r n o

d ngu h d u h wh ommun w h n h m r dur ng h

r y m d v p r o d C h o p dh y y 1 99 8 T h p r d m n o f

h r y Mod m p rod n h r g rd r b nd d by h

h d h h 3 5 0 00 r on g o m mu n y o f H n d u Mu h m m d n

n Gu r u d f or h B omb y n u u pr n n d n

19 11 o n o un o f n x r b o mb n o no fmu p

pr b f nd v n f df n o n Th r w pu d up

h r p y by h u p r or n u o mm o n r E A G w ho o rd r d

h o on of h p r on on r n d o h o n or h o h r

b h o ud r k r1 99 91 69 4 H r o O br o h d r wn

po n d n on o h p of fu dr g ou o y n h r y

o d m p r o d 19 94 1 9 88 1 36 1 58 w h h W m H m n

x p r n d f r h n d n 1 84 9 wh n h p d h r ou gh B h r h H

h ough r ng h H ndu h ou dr v r h Mu m hr n

h r o f y yd r mu h h M u m A o ur H ndu mp

fo ow r p d m uh rv rn o h h rn h yp d h

M h om d n T h H n do o w or h p p d n y g n o fm n f d

m gh o r po w r h ou gh x r d g n h m v W nk 19 90

2133

Th p on h n h n h p r 1 900 p rod r ommo

d o no fn on H nd u m n n g n r n dM u m n p r u r

w p o b h o nd po v Mor ov r h r d

on h m v h H ndu n dMu m w r p ur n n u r

f w h h fu r h r o n d d w h h p ro n dfu r h r d




13/37

1 2A rv nd hrm

u h o mm od o nw n o on g rpo b f r p on u nd r

B r h r u H n n 1 99 92 9ff b u o f m u n o u d v o pm n

of h o n p o f n o n n d of mo no h r g on T h f r d v

opm n m n h po d ff r n b d on r g on o ud no b

ommo d d r g o n y G v n h m rg n o n p o f n o n h y

h d ob d w h h n o n v n h ngu r Mor ov r h

ono h on of h H n du n d m r d o n o d o ff h f

ur o f d u mn b w n h m o y nd o y n dm d h m

f nd h n onfron h oh r ng on o d d n Th

ru by wh h h g m h d o b p y d now w r r d y r d

b o h n r m o f h p y r n d h p y n g f d K o ff 1 99 0 J ff r o

19 96 B y y 1 9 8 5 r k r 1 99 6 L 1 99 5 J o n 1 9 8 1

m po r n o n r ru p h d u o no f h r g ou g nf

n of h w ord Hndu o b r u md r o g n

n o h r wo rd w h h h d b yn ow o m n o p y n m y H n du n

A w d o o w m g h do w o r o gn h n h w or dH nd u

w o nfr on d w o mb gu o r d ou b m b gu y 1 w h h r

gn f g ogr ph or r g ou r f r n n d 2 f d no

r g on h n wh on u

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mb gu y T h w or d r y m n h n do f h H n du N g

n d B ur m n 1 94 7 1 1 n d h d b o m o mm on w o rd f or n d

p y nor h nd by h h r n h n ury r h n u r

u r y how h w or dH ndu o b k n h r r d n o f

g o gr p h r g o n W nk 1 99 0 1 12 5 o r h f o o w r o f

pr u r f h or h r d n of p r u r r gon who o

h f o ow r of p r u r f h r n v n 19 89 13 3 A h

n r p o b b u of h r m ndou d mogr ph ov r p

b w n h wo gor U m y h m n ng rm n un r

On mgh n y hnk h n u on o p n n h

word f wou d or n m n ng g ogr ph y Th nd d o

B h m 1 96 7 1 2 N hr u 19 46 3 35 b u h g n f n o n n u

o r m n doub dg d for ou d b k n o m n h r h




14/37

On H n d u H n du n H n d u m n d H n du v 1 3

b od o f n d n F ry k n b r g 19 8 93 1 o r h b od o f h H n du

M on r W m 1 960 12 98 T h m n o u db m d h r

d r p v y o r p or v y d p n d ng on ho wo n f b ou h

H ndu M u b 1967 331 h b n u d n h n nd

v n f o r un d v d d n d N h r u 19 46 5 4 3

W r n o don y w h h wor d for n d v f orm

n du n op n up n o hr v of m n ng f on n of h

wo rd H nd u n n ud n d n n d no h r H nd u h n n

d v f orm m o r h ou for n w h hr on bo h

n d p y H ndu w h M u m T h mo obv ou n h p r

P r on propo h nd ngu f rn b H ndu n w h h r

m dd our b w n n kr ng Hnd nd P r n n g

nd A r b n g Ur du h n gu g o f h u nd v d d u b on n n

n h n o fh pp y omp ro m h w or d m o go b k f w

n ur B bur f or n n v n h ough h h nd n H n du

n d Mu m o g h r h d v o v d h r o wn w y o f v n g o g h r

w h h o h r by h m h f oun d o n o f h M og hu E mp r

w r d by hm n nd H d h H ndu n w y h rv v

198112

V

fw w h o o nn h h h r o h o r d u on of h

r m H n du n d H nd u n w h f r m od m n d h n o n m po r ry

d v opm n n nd h n on ru u on n d o b k d n

o rd r o m k h r n on w hn d d h H ndu h m v b g n

o u h w or d f r f r n y g r n ng h h w or dH nd u n o

Hnduword

Th k y u on h n wh n dd h H n du r u n g h w or d

H nd u fo r h m v

uh u g bg n o m rg by h x n h n ury

p o n d o u b y J o p h T O C o n n 1 97 3 3 40 3 4 3 B u R E

F ryknb rg o b rv 1 9 8 9 30

Bu h r pp r o ny n x d r bng p od o f r n d r on hp b

w n Hndu n v nd Mu m for gn r Y vn or M h

T h rm w r o d w n v r u d by Hn du mo ng h m v o d r b




15/37

1 4A rv nd hrm

h m v mo r ov r h r m H nd ud h rm w h h o u r v n m f our

m n B ng x w o n yu d n h m w y nd nv rw h n y xp

d f n o n or d u o no fw h H ndu o f H nd ud h rm f m n H nd u

dh rm h rfor h o r mb n o h rm Hndu m wh h n

b f o un d o h v r n o u o f nd g n ou o ur w h n n d

h ow v r po b o d n f y h f u o f h w or dH nd u n

n v n r r p rod

r h by h x n h n ury H ndu w r r f r rng o

h m v H ndu E kn h 1 548 1600 wr f my f

H nd u w b b n up n dM u m m no H nd uK h n

m r y m u m n b h n h J o h n d J o h 19 94 3 1 89 E r r o n

v r r u r o fV y n g r h d k n h H ndur dy ur r dn

u n of h H nd uk ng n m o no f h u n o f M du r n d

h B hm n u n h rf 1989 79 M or pr y o u r n

f v n r p o n f ro m h r g n o f B uk k r 1 34 4 1 37 7 W g o n r

1 996 861 862 n d u n o b r d n f our by k ng

o f V y n g r f ou r h n d d yn y h A r v d u 1 57 0 16 49

w h n o h r f v u n h n r v n ng p r od n u dn g om b y

K r h n d v r y r 1 50 9 15 29 b 8 62 n 8 n o m n r p o n o f

B uk k h p r f x Hn du o d ro pp d b 8 63 T hu b g n n n g w h

3 52 h n o n f or mo r no h r o n nu d n u by Buk k

u or for 250 y r hrough h r h n g n d yn y

b 8 6 2

Th xpr on n o n r y fr from m bgu y bu g n r

y p d h ur r n n kr d form of m u n

A o rd ng o V undh r F o wh h wou dh v b n

g v n o B u kk b y h M u m n g hb ou r W g o n r 1 99 6 86 2 A

ord ng o H rm nn Ku k m k y h h r y kn g of V

y ng r d m o u m ong h H ndu R u o h o f

u n mo ng h M u m ru r b 8 62 P h p B W go n r p r

p rd om k rong r m nd ugg h bo h u n

nd u n m on g h H n du K ng w r u d n mu h mo r r

nd dr r h r h n homo og n m n o fpro m ng

h h V y n g r ru r o ud u y b o n d rd u n n o

n rm of r v po und r n dng bu n on r rm of




16/37


ub n nd y n pr u r h h ndurdy u r r n wou d

h v r v d o d ff r n b r r f ro mo rd n ry H nd u n d

k ng gn n gh w ngn o pr p n h po d o ur

o f m v o n b 8 62 W g on r h ow v r r n d r H ndu

nd on n y w h h v w h h H ndu v Mu m rh o r n

h h o ro gr ph yo f h V y n g r m pr h b n o v rd on b

851 852 T h m yw b o nd h u k u o h h r of

h m r f w formu h u fo ow h ow H ndu n h x

p r o n H nd ur dy u r r dn o b u n d r o od W g o n r fo u o n

u r rd n w n d o f o u on h w or dH ndu h H nd uh r

n n d n o r n f o o wr of H nd u m n m b gu y n o un r d

r r n h P r n w or d H nd u n W C m h 1 9 62 2 56 f or n d

do m n h nd of h nd n o rof Hndu h ou d r

Pr n u n h fr n b d bu nd n h m v o n

h ond wh n on m gh y d r b h p r on of nd h

d v o n of H nd u d n n o P dk d n n d H nd u d n H r r v r

n oun r d P k n m y k H ndu n o m n b oh h n dof

n d n n d of H nd u m u n o u y b u n d n w ou d n h

u o ny n h fo rm r n fo r nd n n u v o fb o hH nd u

n dMu m b o h nh b p r n d y H nd u n

n n h rfor h u r m n w hu bu n n oh r n

r o v d H ndu r r yu n g h wor d o rf r o h m v

h ough wh h r h y r u n g o r f r o h m v g ogr ph y

u u r y o r r g ou y m y no b n r y un pr ob m N v r h

h h r r g ou o mpon n n h u o n wh ou d

b x gg r d W C m h 19 62 25 7 n no b d n d O n m y

p ro po h b y h f o ur n h n u ry h u o f h w o rd H n du d d

n u d n m n o fH ndu f o n o u n

T h o f h v 1 62 7 16 80 n r o n o h M o gh u Em pr

p ro v d n n r n g x m p K n g A kb r r 1 5 56 1 60 5 f rm y

b h d M og hu r u o v r n d H w k no wn P dd h dh n d

h r u Pdd hh H or n h v d r b d h v f m on

n m r rm on o f b h n g H ndu pdd hd h rd

1974 26 3 n r wr n n 1646 AD h v d r b h

r n d r m nor h o b h H nd v v r y v rk r




17/37

1 6A rv nd hrm

969 57 W h v m ng o b h H ndu f ru o r n d n

fru Or w h h h oppon n w p r v d

f or g n r bo h by n g n dr g on h r w n on d o dr w u h

d n on

Our k on h nd h ow v r no o r y o n w r h u on

b u o n o h h mb gu y n r o n o h w or dH nd up r

wh n H ndu h m v r o u h r mAnd bo h h mb gu

p r no w y r wh h r h o nno on g ogr ph

o rr g ou nd no w y r wh ompr H ndu m

f h r f r n n r m of f h h p p n o b u nm bgu ou R h r d

K n g n o 1 99 9 1 62

A h o ug h n dg n ou u o f h r m by H nd u h m v n b f o un d

r y h f f n h nd x n h n ur u g w d rv v o f

P r n M u m n fu n nd d dno r p r n ny h ng mor h n d n on

b w n n d gnou o r n v nd for g n m h For n n wh n

B g n T h rry V rh n r v w d n n d n n u f rom T m N du h

r o r d d h f o o w ng n r h n g

Q A r y o u H n du

A No gr w r of b u o f m A u y you hou dno

k p op f h y r H ndu T h d o n o m n mu h f y ou k h m

wh h r r g on h yw y b ong o h

H g o o n o y b 1 63

n d d r h h rm H ndu v n wh nu d by h nd gnou n

d n d d no h v h p f y r g ou onno on wh h ub u n y

d v op d und r Or n nf u n un h n n n h n ury Th u gh

n h n ur yr f r n o H n do o Ch r n o r H n do o Mu m w r n o

u n om mo n A R om T h p r po n o u n h r d u o n of h r p o n o f

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rr v u nf d b od yo fM u m T h n m M u m d o n o o ur n

h r o rd of h r y on Th rm u dw h r h n uru k r

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o n o h d n v y n g v n ur o f h r m h p rm ry fun on of

w h h o prov d h d g n o nfor h O h r wh h r n g v y

on r d w h h n n P r n w h h r Mu m d nd n o rw h h

r Europ n O r n who v n u y dop d h r m nd d h m

p p r n f ro m n x m n o n of m od m n d w F or x m p h 1 9 55 H n du




18/37


M rr g A on 2 1 d f n H ndu gory n u dn gno o ny

Buddh J n nd k h b u o n yon w ho no Mu m C hr n

P r o r J w T hu v n n h o n mp or r y on x h r m H nd u n d

Hndu m r n y ng v pp on f un o nng n n u v

r ub r f o r h n o n Ju d o Ch r n o h r

V

D p h k of r y or b u of h word Hndu f r

b r f p r od o f f r o n w h o h r w or d M r h 1 97 0 w

dop d by h Br h o h r r h ng n nd p y

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wh h w r n o Mu m n o C hr n n o J w h or h n no

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now m o p u n d k o k b for w v n u r n o

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nd u g b o m o bv ou h h w or dd d no om n o

o mm on u u n f r 1 0 00 A D D u r ng h p r 1 0 0 0 p r od n d

r pr n d ng po o r g o u u r n y P nd 1 984 170

p r 1 972 93 ub u n y u gr du y p r d n u h w y

h b y h gh n h n ur y b m ommon o u o nof n

u d b y bo h n d r n do u d r W C m h 19 62 70 o d no

r g o u u r o mp x w h h w d n f ro m o d ff r n f ro m

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n r g o u ur rm f h p r n of no hr r g o

u u r o mp x now o h r r d h nd n m y h m

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p x on o pof n m y W r n/Chr n U p o p on h B r h

r n n n d o u d mo b on d r d b ngn y nu r f no

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p ur po d f o H n du R F ry k nb r g 19 89 3 4

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pr od of h R h n rm of r g ou n u on nd gnou nd




19/37

1 8A rv nd hrm

o for of k nd w r b o r v r o gn o n nd pro on w

p on on f rom h nd mor ov r h h yh db n b

o d o h n d r p ro po r o n o h r b y w h h r b y po w r of n f or m o n

on ro n umb r n o k or w h o n f un o gov rnm n

A br h op n u p f r 1 81 8 h y r n wh h b o h h M r h

C onf dr y w d f d h r by m n ng h m or h

ng o Br h p rmoun y n nd nd o h y r n wh h J m

M pub h d h f mou m u v o um w ork n y n d Th

H ory of Br h n d w h h w r y p h p g n H ndu m

D v 1 99 5 46

M H o ry n m m n n d ho ro ug h nd m n f or h n d n p op r d

o u fy h n d f or Br h ru mo ng po pu o n up po d y un b o

g ov rn f M p y o nd mn d H nd u m b m ng fo rm uh of wh

w w rong w h nd H ndu m r u up r ou rr on nd pr

r dd n M h rg d h p mp y on r n g w h h d v r on

of Ch r n y h h b v d o b h h gh form of r g on For v r

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off mb rk ng for nd o u n h m n h r n of r nd u ur

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n o w d y r ogn d hou db h h 1 818 18 57

pr od w h r r d by n n n ffor o o nv r n d or

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1 8 85 n w h h h n d n N o n C o ng r w f ou nd d p r ov d

o n v n n b n h m rk




20/37


Th up ho of h d v opm n w h f h no h r

r g ou ommun y p r f rom h m n m y h C hr n h d

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r n o u n kn ow n o h H n du b u h y d d n o p o p ro b m fo r

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ru d po f o rUn h f or m rg d v n m

p r n w no p r v d prob m Ar b Mu m r d r on

nd o b w n h v nh nd nn h n ur w r r d

w h o r n by H nd ur u r n d h g nd of h o nv r o n of

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m on M u m on rbu d fn n y o H ndu

mp Ah md 19 64 77 E v n n h n or h h r p r n

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r b yM uh mm d Gh ur n h y of B n r h r r M u m

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n Bh r k r m1964 32 E vn f r h r dpo u o n n

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d d no ff h ou h Th u Abdu R k h P r n m b dor

h V y n g r o ur o ud wr r oun d h m d d o f h f f n h

n ury T h P op or C u r n fd on u n y on d r

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o pr y n pu b R dh k r hn n 19 39 31 2 m r y h yr n

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bu E ur op n C hr n pr n b m p ro b m wh n Ch r n

b m r u r n d Hndu h r u d

T h f u d u o n ho w vr b g n o o d fy n h p o M u n y

pr od o n h r u o f h E n d C om pn yw k n ov r by

h B r h Cr ow n Th o n o d o n of Br h ru w o mp n d




21/37

2 0A rv nd hrm

by h on o d o nof H ndu m On n d o p b k o

ppr h d v o pm n

V

Th B r h pr n n n d h d p u n o h r wo rd n o p y

Hndu m Th d u o nof wh n w f r u d f nd v

of gn f n wh h on rov r y ur round ng r on h p

w h wh p for Hndu mor g nr y o h b h of

h p p r L o r n n 1 9 99 6 30 6 5 9 T h O x f or d En g h D o n r y

d n f u b yM x M r n 1 85 8 K ng 19 99 16 5 C h r

N um nn m p oy d n h o fh w or k n 18 31 b 1 65

Th O xford En g h D on ry d n f r r u n 1829

b b u D rmo K n g y d n f u b yR mmo hu nR oy n

1 81 6 n d u gg h R m mo hu n w p r ob b y h f r H n du

o u h word Hndu m b hough w r n o u r n

h h r w f r u d b y H n du B u h w or d oo n u gh o n

n dw h h n gu u nf o no f nd h ro ug hE ng h P n kk r

1 96 31 20 1 21 n d h n r n gu o fE ng h n n r f h v y

h n H nd u m H n 1 97 71 06 n d h v o f h m rg ng

En g h k no wn g H nn n d h rp 1 97 24 n h po

Mu n yp r od Th p r od o w h u mn on w r

o f h n um r o u r f o rm m ov m n b g n n n g w h h B r h mo

m f ou nd d n 1 8 28 n d u m n n g n h G n dh n d p n o n

d ng o n n r ng d n f on of n d nn on m w h

r f or m d H nd u m E v r 1 99 7 74 P n k k r 1 96 3 p m J n

1996 Ch Thu h u r r of h n n n h n u ry w n d

h m rg n o fb o h nd n n o n m n d p n n d n H nd u m

h r by r n g h u on of h r on hp b w n h wo

Th u w h h rm n unr o v d o h d y go b k o h

m bg u y n h r n n h w or d H nd u do n d fo r o un r y

or r g on T h f h bo h h word nd w H ndu

ymo og y go b k o h m w or d n dh u dr m h

u of m bgu y w h h now r n r n d f n h u o n

w nd n n o n m o rn on m b rr or or r g ou n

n u r T h m n mb gu y n h w or dH nd u f o fo un d




22/37


x pr on n h u on wh h r h n w Hndu m f w b

r oh or un vr n h r r

On n h u v u wo h nn ong wh h h n rg r

d by h m rg ng n o n for n n d o u dp y h m

v o u w h n h p o w r r dby h P r o no fB n g n 1 90 5

p r 1 99 47 59 O n h n n o ng wh h h n o n n r g

ou df ow w h o f r r or n o n m n p r o n r pr

n d b y h n d n N o n C on gr An o h rw r p r n d by

h A n d M u m L g u f or md n 1 90 6 mo r n n w h h

op o n h nn of r g ou n on m A h ough h r w n n

H n du r o n o o mo v n h d r o n J ffr o 1 99 66 19

w b y h k d b y h r of G ndh n n fu n Ev r

1 99 7 73 n n d n p o f ro m 19 20 o nw r d n d h p r m y wh h

h n d nN on C ongr b g n o n oy h r f r D E m h

1 96 34 56 n d n n dH nd un o n m b g n o d v r g f r h

o p of h K h f mov m n M n u 1 982 T h Kh f m

p g n wh h b g n w h h M u m o n ng fo r w h h H n du

b fo r h n r du ou y o f h B r h p r 1 99 47 84 n 1 91 9

nd d n r o f o mm un r o b y md 1 92 0 P g 1 98 2 74

h f ou nd n g of h R n 1 92 5 y mb o d h b r h A nd r o n

n d D m 1 98 7 3 4

n h m n m n o H ndu m w b ng r vv d o ng n y

un vr n hough b m om wh r v v w h h

r of h Ary m N v rh h n d n N on C ongr w

b o on n h w n h 1 920 h n o Hndu m bg n o

d p y d n y h n r k n d vo vd w ord o go w h

Hnd u v

V

T h word H ndu v g n d u rr n y f r pp r d h of

b oo k wr n b y VD v r k r f r p ub h d n 1 9 23 V D v r k r

n dM h m G n dh m y b r g rd d h p r on n of h wo

d n f or m o fH n du m h m b gu y o f h w or d H nd u g v

r o P rdox m gh p p r bo h h r nd r o ou

o f h m p r ob m h o f d fn n g H nd u m A nd b o h w r




23/37

2 2A rv nd hrm

n n r p on o h mp d d f n o n of H ndu m un dr

W rn g

W rn mp d f nng H ndu m fo ow d w od n our

o n mo vd n h d r o no f d n fy ng w h B r hm n m

hrough nd h o h r n h d r on of d n f yn g w h p r

u y n g n r h ro ug h Hn du o r n T h yr f p r hp

h En g h nm n n d h R om n Mov m n p y r p v y

on h o nom h r of H ndu m no of n r d h

n o f h m o r on r n o f VD v rk r n v o v ng h o n p o f

H ndu v w o v od h p o f ou o f n x v y n rr ow

d f n o n of H n du m n h v w w h h h d h u nh p py o n

u n o f x u dng h B uddh h kh nd h J n f rom h

H n du o m m un y 1 9 69 1 06 B y o m p r o n G n d h d d n o h v

mu h r o ub w h h r n u o n w h n o r x u o n fr om H nd u m

b u f ro m h p on o f v w of h p r u n r p r o no fH n

du m wh h h pou d h w mm r A r g on h r d

n h p r u y n o mmo nw h H n du m r r p v o f wh h r

h y o u d fo rm y b b d H ndu or no F or n n w h n

R dh k r hn n po d h u o n W h yo ur r g o n n 1 93 6

M h m G ndh r p d My r g o n H nd u m wh h f o rm

R g on of Hu mn y n d n u d h b o f h r g on k no wn

o m R d h k r h n n n d Mu r h d 1 9 3 6 2

Th f u of VD v rk r r H ndu v W ho H ndu

d n f h wo or u w h hh d dr 1 who H ndu

nd 2 wh H ndu v Th wo u r onn d H d fn

H ndu on w ho 1 r g rd h n r ub on n n h or

h r m o h r n d /f h r n d v r k r 19 69 8 41 19 2 d n d d

o fH nd up r n b 1 29 13 1 n d 3 n d o n d r h n dh oy

b113 134 T h h n on u h hr n of Hndu v

ommo n n o n R h r o mmo nr J n d o mmo n

v on n kr b 116 N o h r g on do no f gur

n h n mb n d h u n of H ndu v r o h

d n of n o n y b 137 Th n ff of h x r

o o nf r H ndu n o n y on h f o o wr o f h f ou rr g on

o f n d n or g n H n du m B u dd h m J n m n d k h m




24/37


On m y w h o d n gu h h r b w n w o xpr on n

d nr g on nd r g on pr d n nd f h r gory

u d o d no H nd u m Bud dh m J n m k h m Jud m

C hr n y m n d o on h n h f orm r gor y ou db u d

o n u d o n y h d h r n o f h f r f ou r H nd u m B ud dh m

J n m nd kh m A o rd ng o h on p o f Hndu v b

or d by v rk r H ndu n o n y wou d b r r d o nd n

r g on n o n r pr u m b yw h n d n n o n y wh h w ou d

h r dby h f o ow r of r g on T h on n f ur of

H ndu v Th o h r no d r d y on of h f h po

n mp d n o nb w n r g on nd h w y u u r n

or d r o br k h f ou r n d n r g o n o g h r

v r k r v o n y m or bun df or o ng m o h x n o fb

ng o n d r d d d T h m y b o n w y o f x p n n g w hy W

rn ho r v n n h 1 960 w r u y d u d dby h r n

d n o gu from h ow ng n r n n ypo n d u ur

ou f o d w hH ndu v u h h J n n gh nd h R

A h b y 19 7 41 1 5 E v r n M r G n d h E m r g n y h o w v r

h org n on n h r v rou n rn o n h v b n n r m n

y r ng h r p rof nd now nd n r g h b g nn ng of

h n w m n n um J f fr o 1 99 6 D v 1 99 5 30 6 32 2 Kh n n

19 97 1 89 1 90 M o n d n n d W r n h o r f u n om fo r b

n d ng w h r g on g vn h r u r or n on n d h d om

for v r fur h r wh n om o fund m n m n r g on

Th und r n db b u h d o k of nu n n d n g w h

k y on p H nd uv p ro vd n x m p h r M o r g r d

o n u n g n dmo no h o n p f ro m1 92 3o nw r d wh n

w f r p ropo d Th r y h on x x n d ub x

h h n g d ov r m d p n d ng o n h p r o d n v ov d w h h r

h p ro d x nd ng f rom 192 3 1 94 7 o r1 9 4 7 1 9 7 5 o r1 9 7 5 1 99 1 o r

p o 1 9 91 n d h p r o n xp oun dn g w h h r V D v rk r

M G ow k r o r B r M d ho k fo r n n

U pu n h n m n of n d p nd n n 19 47 h h ru o f h

H nd uv m ov m n r pr n d b y h H n du M h b h n d h

R w f r o r wh w v w d po y of pp m n




25/37

2 4A rv nd hrm

o wr d h M u m n d o op po h m ov o wr d h P r o n

f nd wh h w v w d h o g ou o m of h p o y

D ur ng h ph h H n du v m ov m n w n o b ou g n ng

po pow r Th h f n H ndu v h n kng m bou r u

of rf on h w h wh h h p r y n pow r h nd n

N o n C on gr o ud u pp r h H n du v f or n h w k

of h n o n of Mh m G ndh n 1948 Th r on d

o h f or m o n o f h J n n gh n 1 9 51 J f fr o 1 99 6 87 G r h m

1 99 0 D ur ng h p r od wh n h J n n gh fu n o n d p r y h

o n p o f Hn du v u nd r wn n d o o g h f o ok h fo rm of

d n f yn g nd w h H n du v r h r h n H n du v w h n d A

r u h r w mu h k of h n d for n d n n g h C hr n

n dM u m m no r n n d r h r h n H nd u n g h m M dh ok

1969b T h m gh m k p ng p r u r yf n h r o h

ou d r bu r f d ub r gnm n w h nH ndu v hou d

b n o d h h n d n go vr nm n bo h n h n gu g o f h n d n

C on u o n dop d n 1 950 nd u b u n g on h v r u y

d op d h H n d u v d f n o n of H n du o n w ho b o n g o

n y r g o n of n d n or g n H n h n d n h mo dm u dy

o f H nd u m o d n gu h o n w h o H n du u nd r n d n w f ro m

o n w h o H n d u b y r g o n B r d 1 9 93 4 1 4 3 3 1 5 8 D r r

196846

T h m p o o n of E m rg n y b y Mr n d r G n dh o w rd h

nd of Jun n 1975 n w r of fo r n mo o n now

w d yh d h h o ny m or m n n pub f M r G ndh

o ud no u f u y up pr du rn g h E m rg n y d p v g

orou mp o do o w r h m n o d w hH ndu v

J ffr o 1 99 62 73 7 7 T h w h r y o un f or ub u n

g m on n h pub y D ur ng h ph h H ndu v for

w r r on y o n p f r h n w gov rnm n ook off b

u h yh dd d d o mrg h r d n y n h J n P r ywh h

o n d of h o mb n d op po o n wh h h d b n o r y v

o ro u n 1 97 7 On g n h H n du v f or h d g on u u r

h y h d b n p r or o n d p nd n n 1 94 7




26/37


Th H ndu v for h v w y b n ur n h r u u r

d n y h r xp po ro h yf un ur b ou O n

g n h po h d p d no h u u r gn f n y h J n

P r y b ro k u p ov r h u o f r u r n g f or m r J n n g h

m mb r o g o b yo nd f or m m r g r w h h J n P r y n d

or noun h r R onn o n wh h h J n n gh b k d

p ng h J n P r y n1980 Th u p y known

h d u m m b r h p u J f fr o 1 99 6 30 4 11

Th p r o d om m r f rr d o r u rn o p o un ou h

y o r gn y mm ng fr om h g u of b ng o d w h M

m Gndh n on Th p w o d d W h

h r m rg n o f h B JP f r 19 90 h u o n of d u m mb r

h p h u rf d g n n n o h r n d mo r o ng n fo rm n ow h

h B JP no ong r p o p r h n h f orm of n n on

h o n h nd h h n o b n don d n on h R m Tmp

Ar 356 n d h U nform C v Cod nd m on h o h r h

o mm d o h o mm on p ro gr m o f h N D A N o n D m o

r A n n wh h h B JP h y n hp n wh h x u d h

u

T h u o f du m mb r h p o bv ou y y mm r w h h

d ou b d k r g n f n o f h w o rd H n du n d n o r H nd u

h r u r fur h r omm n mor n r u o fH ndu v

d n y

V

Th u o f H nd uv d n y o b r fu y d n gu h d f ro m

h o fH nd u d n y b n v g d by x p or ng h h oug h of

h r m n d o og u o n h p on V n y k D mo dr v r kr

p op u r y kn ow n V r v r k r 1 88 3 19 66 M h d v d h v

Go w k r o h r w k no wn G ur u G o w k r d 1 9 73 n d

B r M d ho k 1 92 0 K o r m r 1 9 94 C h 3 0 K oh 1 99 3

Mdhok1982

Th b mp of v rk r h ough w p r n d r r o

o n n d o fo u o n h r n fo rm o no fh g y n h h n d o f

h o w h o fo o w d h m n h h n d o f G ur u Go w k r u nd r w n




27/37

2 6A rv nd hrm

wo n r n gmo df o n 1 H ndu d n y w pr omo d n h

hough h xp n o f d n y H n du v for h v o ok d

k n n g n r h o dng r p on b n good m u r for

h d o wn f o f h H n d u h o w v r K n 1 9 77 5 2 1 64 2 b u

mostHndutvareactonstot havebeenreformst Gowakars am

how vr w o b o h o o bu d n on df nd n

g gr g o f n dv du J f fr o 1 99 6 61 T h n o n h ow v r

no d f nd u r bu H ndu n on G ow k r d fn o n

of n on w m or r r v h n v rk r H ndu pp r n

h wr n g h n o n n nd b 56 2 u h n gr o n

n H ndu r m o r f d rong r n of p r o n fr om

o h r r g ou ommun w h n n d n on r o h o v r ur

V D v rk r md o h ommun on o un o f h r H ndu

g n Go w k r wr o b 56

Th f or g n r n H nd u h n mu h r d op h H n du u u r n d

n gu g mu r n o r p n dh od n r v r n H nd ur g on m u

n r n no d bu ho of g or f on of h H n du r nd u u r

o rm y y n h o un r y wh o y ubo rd n d o h H n du n o n m ng

no h ng d rv ng no pr v g f r n ypr f r n r m n n o v n

n r gh

f h ow v r h h n m n mph d n Go w k r h ough

h x pn o f h un v r h h r vr n om wy n

h h ou gh o f B r M d ho k M dh ok m m b r of h J n n gh

r omm nd d h hou d rnoun h n g h n R mod

nd p f d n y o u bm rg f n h d of H ndu r d

on m T h w o go hnd n h nd w h h nd n on n

f f H nd u o n of Mu m n dC hr n J ff r o 1 99 62 34

bu h w d nd n on on u gn f n d ff rn

n n u n f ro m Go w k r d o o gy

X

T h m h om o ry o r h vo u on o r v n onvo u

o n of Hndu v o h b h of h p p r h k h word

H nd u n n dH nd u m h w or dH nd uv o ug h up n h

m bg u y n d m b v n o f h w o rd H n du




28/37


Po n dp nd n on p u d v opm n n H ndu v b y

ur no n wo d ff r n x o fr g on n d/o r u u r n dn o n

n d/or H ndu v h ough n g n r h r d o gn f w h

h u u r x n rm of h f r of r m nd w h h n on x

n h ond of rm O u of h r g on/ u ur d v o n u ur

ou db v w d bro d r gory u h n on wou db

v w d bro d r gory n r on o H ndu v h ough h n

h r d o o nn f w h h mor n omp ng of h p r d

g or v no on y h xp n of h o hr

g nd h b n o h r by o v h prob m of h p r n

o fn on H nd u m n n n d n o y n d po y pr m r y of

h M u m n dC hr n n d o nd r y of u h B ud dh J n

n d k h do no r p ond o h g n r n r pr on of h r m

H n du o ff r B y n v n g h m o p r k o n y of H n du u u r n d

o r g on w n o mk o y r for h ommun

o b om p r of h rg rwho k o omp h h m

n dp o y by d n f y ng f w h h p r o no fn o nh oo d

oppo d o h m h n ry of o h ou d h nb ong

o h H ndu n on n h r o n u d o y nd h ou d

h nb f f v y u r Bn r 1 990 133 gn f n h

h H ndu v rh o r o h d y h rg y nd n r y b n h of

n on H ndu R h r r h r h n of H ndu R v n h v

po k o f H nd u v r n o H n du R v r k r 19 69 5 7 T h k y

go ry n o H nd u m bu H n du n o n m J n 1 99 6

T h n r n o n r d o n o f h w o rd H n du h o w v r m p r

h x r wh h r on urn o r g on or u u r O n r u

mov v rk r n d w h nd ny o o H ndu m w h

u u r r h r h n r g on H mo v n do ng o w o r

o n p u g or yf or n d n r g o n d n gu h d f ro m

r g on p rc d n nd Bu w h h nd con u on y

h v d h ough n o n n o n oon v ov d h o u o n

o fH ndu u u r f rom w h n h p n d n d nr g o n o

mbr h r g on pr d n nd n m nn r n ogou o

h w y w mp oy d by v rk r o m br nd n r g o n

wh u d w h n H nd u m h ro ug h h o n p o f Hn du v




29/37

2 8A rv nd h rm

T h ur ou y o rr p ond o h u g n h gh n h n ury n

h g h of wh h d gn o n u h H ndu Mu m n d Hn du

Ch r n w r n o oxymoron w h h d ff r n h h m

n x p p n nd n d n y n r m of Hn du m w n o n h

p u r n ow h K n g 19 99 1 63 M h mo ud 1 99 4 75

T h h f n h r m of d o ur o r r w h h m

bv n wh h h h r r d h w ord n r r p p rn

H nd u H nd u d n n d H nd u m P h p H A h b y wr p r p v y

1974121122

Mo d m n r pr o n of n d n u u r h v g n r y f n n o w obr o d

f on T h f r h d n f d H ndu u u r w h n d n u u r ug

g ng h h o pr n g norm for h r h b n h gr r d o nof h

H ndu r g on nd h o r ur nd u o m h h v omp n d h

r d on Th w w mo r y n h po r for x mp n h J n

f gh d o og p form n d mp o d r mod rn n d n po

v y

Th o h r n rpr on n m y h nd u ur ompo no o b

d n f d w h h rm H ndu h b n mor r n r ogn n g h on

mp or r y nd n u u r k w d p r d n d o ng n du rn g u u r h

b n h p r od u o f m n y nf u n f ro m h r y D r v d n of h r y f v o r

m or h u nd r d y r d o wn o h B r h n d W r n of h h un dr d o r w o

h un dr d y r T h p pr o h r o gn h v r b n d mpo nd r b h

n yg v n m w or k og h r o o n u u u r n d n h n kr w ho d h r

o h po on hv o mph d w h pr d nd pow r of m on

n d po n u u r mod f or h mod m wor d Th v w r f

o m h n g of b o h h p o o n of h n n n h n u ry r f or m mo v m n n d

h o u ur m b v n o f h b r n u n d po of h

w n h n ury

T wo o n p o n of n d n u u r n ow v w h h o h r fo r

p n

W h h w or dH ndu h w or f r n n r m of r g on or r g on

w r n o n n o n w h h w or dH ndu n h b v n ook h

form of n ur o f h r g on f n h r m of r g on urf d n

h hn nd n h un v r o r n on o fH ndu m n d now

m nf f n h r m of u ur

T h d v opm n r f d ff r n n mph n rm of

h vo v ng wo rd v w o r n d v w o f H nd uv B u




30/37


ong w h h m mor p o n y g n f n on p u d vd n ow

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ng h b u n Hndu v r f on ym n on d nd no

d v o p d Th u u rn o n h u o no fw h h r h H ndu v

m ov m n d r d o w rd h f or m o n of H nd un o n or

H ndu Th on p o f n on m rg h wo n dob u r

h po n bu n d o b ddr d u r y n h o n x o f

o un r y k n d

A u y m r prob m n b d n f d n h on x o f

h n o n f Hr h rux of h u n h d n on

b w n m u n on nd n o n G v n p ur m

nd h n ff u u yfun o nd mu n o n wh h r

u nd r A ok o rAk br o r h B r h T h mp o un fy n d w h

h u u r n o n m of h w h u mbr wh n h w y

b n p o y h ro m r v v h o d m b gu y o f wh h r H n du m n

n d/ p op o r r g o n / u ur T h m b g u y no w b g n o m n f

f w hn h gory of h f n on o rmu n on

Th n d d o n o h u on wh h r on h n mnd n n d n

or H ndu Th p of h pu r n rn h or g n

onundrum

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H ndu v h u o m f u r n r y ng o o v h p ro b m of

H nd u d n y w h h o fH nd uv d n y n d up b o m ng p r

o f h p r ob m o n g n O n m y n ow b o n d ff r n p r o f h

r bu on up h m r

T h hou dn o b k n o m n h ow v r h our x r h

b n n v n u h n xr do ow u o po b v n

H n du r y p b o fmu p for mu on n v r w y

o / gob g ogr ph / v on hn / un v r nd o on

o n b on o d n fy four mp o n gg h mb v n

H ndu h o r / mp r r y n rm of h gor of 1

r g on 2 r g on 3 u u r n d 4 n o n Th f r mp

r p r n d b y h w or d H nd u n h o nd b y h w o rd H n du m

h h rd by h x pr o nH nd u u u r n d h f ou r hb y h r m




31/37

3 0A rv nd hrm

n du v Th of h w ord wh h o mpo h of h y

u r h omp x on of n n v nory r u of h x r

B u of h omp x n u r of h n d nr y h p pro h

run n o own m on h gn r own d mm Th r

gon ppro h g n r h d mm d o nd b ong o h H n

du o r d o H nd u b o n g o n d T h r g o u p p ro h g n r

h d mm H nd u m r g on k n yo h r r g o n or do

f n u d o h rr g o n d no mn o n y or un v r y

Th u u r p pro h g n r h d mm H ndu u u r o n

u v o f nd n u u r o r xpr v o f And fn y h n o n

ppr o h gn r h d mm hou d nd o p f or h u r m

of H n du m o r h H n du m o f u r m

A h h r of h h u on n r o u of dn y

d o h o h r b o n g o m or do b o ng o

F u y o fR g o u u d A RV N D H AR MA

M G U n vr y

3 52 0 Un v r y r

M o n r P Q H3 A 2A 7

Cn d

x @ mu m g

B BLOGRAPHY

A h m d A

1 96 4 u d n m C u u r n h n d n E nv r on m n O x fo rd C r n do n

Pr

An d r on W K n d D D m

1 98 7 Th B r o h r ho od o f f f ro n T h R h r y w y m v k n gh n d

H ndu R vv m N w D h V r Pub on

A h by P h p H

1 97 4 M od r n T r n d n H n d u m N w Y o rk n d Lo nd on C o u mb U n v r y

Pr

B r d R o b r

1 99 3 d R g on n d L w n n d pn d n n d N w D h M n o h r

B n r N y N r yn

1 99 0 H nd u Ou o o k C u H n du v P u b o n




32/37


B h m A L

1 96 7 Th W o nd r T h W n d 3 rd r v d L on do n d gw k & J k o n

B y y C A

1 98 5 T h P r H o ry o fC om mu n m R g o u Co nf n n d 1 70 0

1 8 00 M od r n A n u d 1 9 17 7 2 03

B mu

1 96 9 18 84 r Yu K B udd h R o rd o f h W r n Wo rd D h

O r n R p r n C or po r o n

B v n E R

1 922 nd n E ry Gr k nd L n L r u r n An n n d d E J

R p o n C m br d g U K C m br d g U n v r y P r 3 91 4 26

B d w P r fu H r b n M uk h n d A h n V n k

1 99 6 d R g on R g o y n dC omm un m D h M n oh r

C h o p d hy y B r d u

1 99 8 Rp r n n g h O h r n kr o ur n d h M u m D h Ox fo rd

U n v r y P r

D v R h rd

1995 n rodu on n R g on o f nd n Pr d D v d L op Jr

Pr n o n N w Jr y P r n o nU nv r y Pr 3 5 2

D r r J Dun n M

1 96 8R g on L w n d n n d N w Yo rk T h F r P r

D v u n BC

1995 o d n H ndu Fund mn m n dPo n nd n Bh k

R g o n n No r h rn n d C ommu n y d n y n d Po A o n d

D v d N Lo r n n A b ny N Y U nv r y of N w Yo rk Pr 3 06

322

E n y o p d B r n n

19 67 C h g o W m B n o n V o 1 1

E vr W m Jo hn on

1 99 7R g on F d r m n d h r ug g f or Pu b L f C fr om G r

m n y n d n d Am r N w Y or k O xf or d Un v r y P r

F ryknb rg R E

19 89 T h E m rg n o fM od m H nd u m C on p n d n n u

o n AR p pr w h p R f rn o o uh nd n Hndu m

R o n d r d d G n h r D o nh m r n dH r mn nK uk N w D h

M n o h r 2 9 4 9

G r h m B ru

1 99 0 H nd u N o n m n d n d n P o T h O r g n n d D v o p m n o f

h B h r y J n n gh C m b rd g U K C m br d g U n v r y P r




33/37

3 2A rv nd h rm

G up N r y n

1999 "Stereotypes Versus Hstory" nd a nternat ona Centre Quartery

u m m r10 2 1 0 5

H n n T ho m B o m

1 99 9 Th f fr on W v D m o r y n d H nd u N o n m n M od r n n d

P rn o n N w Jr y P r n o nU nv r y Pr

H n N or v n J

977 H ndu m n A R d r Gu d o h G r R g o n d Ch r J

A d m N w Y or k T h F r P r 1 06 1 55

H n n J oh n R n dE r J h r p

1 97 2 H nd u m N w U po n Ty n O r P r

kr m M

1 96 4 Mu m C v o n n n d E d A n T E mb r N w Y or k C o um b

U n v r y P r

J k o n AV W m

9 22 T h P r n D om n on n N or h r n n d D o wn o h T m o f A x n

d r nv on n An n nd d E J R pon C mbr dg U K C m

r d g U n v r y P r 3 19 3 44

f f r o C hr o ph

1 99 6 Th H n d u N o n M ov m n n n d N w Y or k C ou mb U n v r y

Pr

J n G r

1 99 6 T h H n d u Ph n o m no n N w D h U B P D

J on K n n h W

198 1 R g ou d n y n d h n d n C nu n Th C n u n B r h n d

d N G B r r r N w D h M n oh r 7 3 1 01

J oh h n dB h gv n Jo h

9 94 r ug g f o r H g mo ny n n d 1 9 20 4 7 3 v o N w D h g

P ub on

K n P V

1 97 7 H o ry of Dh r m r P oo n B h nd r kr Or n R r h n u

K r D

1 9 88 V r v r k r B o mb y P o pu r P r k h n

Kh n n un

9 97 T h d o f n d N w Y o rk F r r r r u n d Gr ou x

K n g R h r d

1 99 9 O r n m n d h M od m M y h o f H n du m N um n 2 6 1 66 1 7 2




34/37


Ko rm r K u K

1 99 4 A u rv y o f H nd u m 2 nd d A b n y N Y U n v r y o f N w Yo rk

Pr

K oh R u

1993 Po d of M G o w k r N wD h D p & D p Pub on

K o f f D r k H A

1 9 90 N u k r R p u n d p oy L o nd on C m b r d g U n v r y P r

L J yn K

1 99 5 H n du v T h E m r g n o f h R g h M d r E r h w or m B oo k

L pn r J u u J

1 99 6 A n n B n y n A n n u r y n o h M n n g o f H nd un R g o u

u d 3 2 1 09 1 2 6

L or n n D v d N

1995 T h H o r V ud of Bh k R g on n Bh k R g on n

N or h r n nd C ommu n y d n y n d Po A o n d D v d N

L or n n A b ny U nv r y of N w Yo rk Pr 1 32

1 99 9 Wh o nv n d H n du m C omp r v u d n o y n d H o ry

41630659

M d ho k B r

1 958 H nd R r n H nd N w D h B hr n y d n

1 96 9 B r M dh ok on n d Fo r gn Po y N w D h B hr h y

dn

19 69b n d n on Wh Why n dH ow N w D h B hr h y d n

19 69 P or r o f M r y r B o g r p hy o f D r h y m P r d M oo kh r

B o mb y J o P ub h n g H ou

1 97 0 n d n o n W h W hy n d H ow D h C h nd & C o

1 97 2 A o r y of B un g n g n K h m r N w D h Y ou ng A P ub o n

1 9 73 M ur d r o f D m o r y N w D h C h n d & Co

9 78 R f o n o f D n u N w D h N w m n Gr ou p of P ub h r

1 98 0 o r my D d n d n P o 1 97 0 19 80 D h n d B o ok G r y

1 98 2R o n fo r H n du D h n d n Bo ok G r y

19 8 5 Pu n b P r ob m T h M u m C on n o n N w D h H n d u Wo r d

P ub on

1 98 6R n dPo N w D h H nd uW or d Pu b o n

1 98 7 J mm u K h m r n d L d k h P ro b m n d o u o n N w D h R n

P ub hng Ho u

M h m ou d C y n h K p p y

1 99 4 A y od hy n d h H n d u R u r g n R g o n 2 4 73 7 6




35/37

3 4A rv nd h rm

M u m d r R C

19 70 d T h C Ag B omb y B h r y V d y B h v n

M r h P J

1 97 0 d T h B r h D o v ry o f Hn du m n h E g h n h C n u r y C m

b r dg U K C m b r dg U n v r y P r

M r y M r n E n dR Ap p by

1 99 1 d F un d m n m O b r v d C h g o U nv r y o fC h g o P r

M nu G

19 82 Th K h f M ov m n R g ou ym bo m n d Po M ob o n n

n d N w Y o rk C o u mb U n v r y P r

Mo n r W m M o n r

1 96 0 A n k r E ng h D o n r y O xf or d C r n do n Pr

Mu b M

1 96 7 T h n d n M u m L on do n G o r g A n & U n w n L d

Mu khr R d h K u mu d

1 95 1 F or g n n v o n n T h A g o f mp r U n y d R C M u md r

B om b y B h r y V d y B h v n 3 9 5 3

19 61 G m p o f An n n d B om b y Bh r y V d y B h v n

N g K d n dD b y o B ur mn

1 94 7 d T h E ng h W or k o f R R m mo hu n Ro y C u d h r n

B r hm o m

N p MD

1 99 9 n du v D h H r A n nd

N r y n n V u dh

1 99 6 Th H n du Tr d o n n Wo rd R g o n E r n Tr d o n d W r d

G O x o b y To ro noO x f o rd Unv r y P r

N h r u J L

1 9 46 T h D o v r y of n d N w Y o rk T h J oh n D y C om p n y

O b ro H r o

1 98 8 F ro m R u o C ou n r R u R h n k n g h H n d u k h Q u o n

1 88 4 19 15 n k h H o ry n d R g o n n h T w n h C n ur y d

Jo p h T O C on no M o n r n d W r d G O x o by T or on o C n r

f o u h A n u d U n v r y o f T or on o 1 3 6 15 8

1 99 4 Th C o n r u o n of R g o u B ou nd r C u u r d n y n d D v r y

n h k h Tr d o n D h O xf or d Un v r y P r

O C on n J T

1 97 3 G u d y V n v y mb o m o f D v r n F ro m Ev J ou rn o f h

A m r n O r n o y 93 34 0 34 3




36/37


Pg D

1 98 2P r ud o P r o n Th n d n Mu m n d h m p r y m of

Co n r o N w D h O xf or d U n v r y P r

P n d G C

1 98 4 D m n o n o f An n n d n o H o ry N w D h B oo k & B oo k

P n k k r K M

9 6 3 Th F ou nd o n o f N w n d L on do n G o r g A n & U n w n

R d h k r h n n

1 93 9 E r n R g o n n d W r n T ho ug h O xf or d C r n d on P r

R dh k r h n n n d JH M u rh d

1 9 36 d C on m po r r y n d n P h o o p h y L on do n G o r g A n & U n w n

R w n o n H G

1 98 0 1 91 3 B ud dh A h ok A kb r h v & R n n gh N w D h E E

P ub on

R w n o n H W

1 95 4 n d A h or C u u r H o ry L on do n T h C r P r

R y h u dh ur H m h n d r

1 99 6Po H o ry of An n n d W h o mm n r y by B N Mu kh r

D h O xf or d Un v r y P r

R no u L o u

1 95 3 R g o n o f An n n d L on do n T h A h o n P r

Ru do p h u n n H o b r

1 98 7 Pr d n Ad dr F or m o n n A P ro g om no n o C o m

p r v u dy T h J ou rn o f A n u d 4 6 73 1 74 6

h u E dw r d C

1 91 4 r d A b r u n n d 2 v o L on do n K g n P u T r n h T r b n r &

Co

rd G

19 74 h v n T h M og hu E mp r d R C M u md r B o mb y B h r y

V d y B h v n 7 3 1 01

r k r u m

1996 nd n N o n m n d h Po of H ndu v n Con ng h

N o n R g o n Co mmu n y n d h P o o fD mo r y n n d d

D v d Lu dd n P h d p h U n v r y o f P n n yv n P r 2 70 2 93

1 99 9 C on v r o n n d Po o f H nd u Rg h E o no m n d Po W k y

J u n2 6 1 6 93 1 6 9 6

v r k r V D

1 96 9 1 92 3 H n du v W ho H n du B o mb y v r k r d n




37/37

3 6A rv nd h rm

h r f H r m u

1989 Th n n d n Tr d o n H ndbu h d rOr n k 2 A b 3 2

L d n E J Br

h r m B r n dr N h

1 97 2 o n d Cu u r H o ry o f No r h rn n d 1 00 0 12 00 A D N w

D h A bh n v Pu b o n

h rm r R m

1 9 62 T h R g o u P o y o f h M ug h E m p r or B om b y A P ub h n g

Hou

h r v v A h ok K um r

19 81 H ndu o y n h x n h C nury w h p R f r n o Nor h rn

nd N w D h M n d Pub on P rv L d

m h D o n d E u g n

1963 nd u r Pr n o n Nw J r y Pr n o nUn vr y Pr

m h W f r dC n w

1 9 62 T h M n n g n d E nd o f R g o n N w Y o rk T h M m n C o mp n y

p r P r v

1 97 2 n d A M od r n H o ry A n n Ar bo r T h U n v r y o f M h g n P r

9 94 d T h O xfo rd H o ry of n d b y h L V n n A m h C E 4 h

d D h O xf or d U n v r y P r

r n v n K

1 9 89 r N r y n G u ru T r v nd ru m J y r P ub o n

n r on H n r h v o n

1 98 9 H n du m O n h P ro p r U o f D p v T r m n H n du m

o n d r d d G n h r D o n h m r n dH r mn nK uk N w D h

M n o h r 1 1 2 7

T k k u u J

1 96 6 r A R o rd of Bu ddh R g on Pr d n n d n d h M y

A r h p g o A D 6 71 6 95 b y n g D h M un h r m M n oh r

Thom p onG o rg

1 99 9 O n h L n g u g o f h D u v P p r d v r d o n M r h 21 1 9 99

h 2 09 h n nu m ng of h A m r n Or n o y B mor

W g on r P h p B

19 96 u n Among H ndu Kng Dr T n d h m on of

H n du C u u r V y n g r T h J ou rn o f A n u d 5 5 85 1 88 0

Wnk A ndr

1 99 0 A H nd T h M k n g of h n do m W or d 2 v o L d n E J B r

Documents

Arvind Sharma--On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism, Hindutva