Arya Sandesam May 2013

7/30/2019 Arya Sandesam May 2013

1/8

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aljn Zbm\ kckzXn


4/8

4

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

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Na thasya Pratima Asthi Yasya Nama Mahadyashah (Yajurved 31-2)There is no measure, no image of that GOD whose name is Great

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5/8

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

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5


)


Ma Bhrathaa Bhraatharam dvikshan Maa swasaara mutha swasaa (Atharva Veda 330.3)Let not a brother hate his brother and let not a sister hate her sister

DALIT UPLIFTMENT WORK

BY ARYASAMAJSWAMY DAYANAND AND HIS

CONTRIBUTION TO DALIT UPLIFTMENT

(Dr. Vivek Arya(Academic and Research Head of Agniveer.com)

After swami Dayanand, leaders of Arya Samaj paid specialattention for upliftment of depressed classes.

The first notable worker in this field was Pandit GangaRam of Muzaffargarh. He started work in odes, a low caste.He offered sacred threads to them and opened a school namedArya Dalitoddhar Pathshala.

Lala Munshi Ram later Swami Shraddhananda was fore

runner among Vedic missionaries. He first started eradicationof untouchability from his own home. In 1910 He married hisown daughter Amrit Kala out of caste despite objections fromhis own family.

Swami Shraddhananda opened Gurukul Kangri nearHardwar in view of fulfilling the dreams of Swami Dayanandthat son of a king or a poor farmer should get education fromone common platform with equal facilities for both and withoutany discrimination of caste. He got his both sons admitted inthe same Gurukul. Later thousands of gurukuls wereestablished all over the country following his example whichimparted education of Vedas and other streams for allirrespective of castes.

In 1920 Swami Shraddhanandas most important workamong untouchables was to secure for them permission todraw water from wells. Swami Ji went with his several followersand untouchables in a procession outside Ajmeri Gate at theAngoori wala well. His procession was first attacked by bothHindus and Muslims but with his continuous effort manywells and temples were opened for untouchables.

In 1921 Swami Shraddhananda established DalitoddharSabha at Delhi. Its aim was to preach true conduct among theuntouchables, to safe guard them from onslaughts especiallyfrom Christians and Muslims, to make them offer the righthitherto lost by them, to open Pathshala for them and toeducate them. The biggest problem was of unemploymentwhich was mostly in Zamindari areas. Zamindars treated the

depressed classes very badly. This Sabha severelydenounced this atrocity and succeeded a great deal indiminishing the misery of the depressed classes.

In 1924 a great conference was organised in Delhi whichwas attended by thousands of people. Ten proposals in

connection with social reforms were passed by this conference.At the end, a big feast was organised in which the leading

public men of the city participated and partook the foodcooked by Bhangis, Chamars and Jatavas. Dalitoddhar Sabhainstigated the untouchables to draw water from wells; wherethis was not possible, new wells were constructed.

In 1923 in Bulandsahar Pandit Sohan Lal Gaur gotdepressed classes to join Ramlila Procession. The sweepersofferedarti to Lord Ram with singing ofbhajans.

On 4th Jan 1924 in Palwal a great panchayat was organisedin which depressed classes pledged not to touch meat andwine and also not to eat food cooked by Muslims.

In 1924 in Raysina Valmiki Arya Samaj, Chaudhary Jai malSingh Gujar , a rais of dist Saharanpur permitted the Jatavas

to draw water from his three wells even in the teeth of theopposition of the others.

In 1926 in fifth Dalitoddhar conference presided by MotilalNehru, Pandit Nehru said none else, before Arya Samaj, hadtaught of making an attempt to eradicate this inequality.

Mahashaya Ramchander on his death bedMahashaya Ramchandra was great social worker among

untouchables in Jammu region. His work was not appreciatedamong high caste Hindus. They attacked him with lathis and

beat him to death on 20 th Jan 1920. His death changed themind of all high caste Hindus. They adopted the mission left

by him and started upliftment work in his memory amongdalits. Several Pathshala were opened in Jammu, Butcher andUdhampur for educating dalits.

In 1922 at famous freedom fighter Bhai Parmanandsresidence in Lahore, Jat Pat Todak Mandal was establishedwith Bhai Parmanand, Swami Bhuamanand and Pandit SantRam as its prominent members. The aim was to promoteintercaste marriages among different castes so that the conflictof castes could be eradicated. The Mandal was able to performthousands of intercaste marriages.

In 1941 census Sarveshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha, the apexbody of Arya Samaj urged to fill column of caste as Arya(Vedic dharmi) to discard castism.

His highness Maharaja of Baroda Sayaji Rao Gaekwad IIIwas deeply impressed by dalit upliftment work of Arya Samaj.He was personally impressed by Swami Nityanand of AryaSamaj and did constitutional amendment to give equal rights

for all dalits as higher caste in his reign. He also openedschools and hostels for free education of dalits. Hisreformation drive was criticized by upper caste Hindus. The

biggest problem was that no upper caste Hindu was ready toteach dalit students in those schools. The Muslims andChristian teachers were more interested in conversion of poordalits in way of education. Maharaja of Baroda discussedthis problem with Swami Nityanand ji. Nityanand ji send masterAtma Ram Amritsari from Amritsar for dalit upliftment work.Master Atma Ram was appointed as Warden ofDalithosteland inspector to all schools forDalits. Despite being uppercaste Hindu master Atma Ram faced social boycotts by highcaste Hindus being inspector to Dalit schools. He wasconstantly denied accommodation in high caste communities.

At last he made his office in a building which was consideredas ghost house from decades. With his missionary reformationwork, he succeeded despite many difficulties. The high caste

A meeting of the Arya Samaj for investing boys with thesacred thread from R. V. Russell's 1916 The Tribes andCastes of the Central Provinces of India--Volume I


6/8


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

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Bhadram Karnebhih Shrunuyaama Deva Bhadram Pashyema Akshabhir Yajathrah (Yajurveda 25-21)May we always hear what is good and see what is good aswell.

students in different schools insulted him by verbal abusefor his missionary work but he ignored all of them. Well known

writer Saint Nihal Singh was so much impressed from MasterAtma Rams work that he got some articles printed in Britishnewspapers praising Atma Rams work. Pandit Atma Ram gotstudents who had passed primary classes to admit for higherclasses in cities and few of his students became evenengineers. Once Mharaja Baroda sent Mr. Shinde, his officerfor reposts ofDalitschools and hostels. Mr. Shinde reportedthat all the food was being cooked by Dalitgirls andDalit

boys were seen chanting Vedic mantras. The person whomyou had appointed as inspector is trueDalitsympathizer inevery sense. Master Jis success can be easily understood

by the fact that number of schools he opened was 400 innumber with over 20000 Dalits as students including both

boys and girls. Pandit jis family also continued his work, his

daughter Smt. Sushila Kumara was president of first BhangiParishad of Baroda.Master Atma Ram ji is considered as forefather ofDalit

upliftment work in Gujarat.Kohla pur Naresh Chatrapati Rajshri Sahu ji Maharaj

adopted similar measures in his state after inspiring from viewsof Swami Dayanand. Sahu Maharaj is credited with doingmuch to further the lot of the lower castes, and indeed thisassessment is warranted. He did much to make education andemployment available to all; he not only subsidized educationin his state, eventually providing free education to all, butalso opened several hostels in Kolhapur for students hailingfrom many different non-brahmin communities, therebyfacilitating the education of the rural and low-caste indigent.He also ensured suitable employment for students thus

educated, thereby creating one of the earliest Affirmativeaction programs in history. Many of these measures wereeffected in the year 1902.

Shahus other initiatives included restricting Childmarriage in his state and the encouragement of intercastemarriage and widow remarriage. He long patronized the SatyaShodhak Samaj but later moved towards the Arya Samaj. Underthe influence of these social-reform movements, Shahuarranged for several non-brahmin youths to be trained tofunction as priests, in defiance of timeless convention whichreserved the priesthood for those of the brahmin caste.However, he faced opposition from many, includingLokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the very famous patriot ofthat time.

In 1911 a thread giving ceremony was performed amongVashisthas, a dalitcommunity in khairpur, nathamshah in Sind.The upper caste Hindus out casted many Arya Samajmembers and they branded one vashistha with symbol ofsacred thread with hot iron. Arya Samaj condemned this animalact on national level in its newspapers.

The education work of Arya Samaj also got large successin whole country. In Bombay presidency in 1912 there were27 educational institutions working in dalitsocieties with1231 students enrolled.

Four middle schools and over thirty five upper and lowerprimary schools, a few girl schools and a few night schoolsfor adults were running to impart education to the namasudraand other communities in districts of Dacca, Mymensingh,

Noakhali, Chittagong, Jessore and Barisal.In Punjab region, hundreds of schools were established

under D.A.V. school chain which imparted education tothousands of pupils from each fraction of society.

In Jalandhar Pandit Somdat starteddalitupliftment work.He was socially boycotted from Brahmin community and

denied use of water from well. He started using impure waterfrom river. His mother fell ill. Doctors advised use of cleanwater from well. He was in confusion what to do. One way isto say sorry to his community members and stop all dalitupliftment work. But his own consciousness does not permitto stop this mission. But life of own mother is also important.His mother understood whole situation and asked her to carryon his mission saying that one day she have to die why hestops his mission because of her. She sacrificed her life butdalitupliftment work was not stopped. How great mother shewas!

Nayak community in United Provinces engaged theirdaughters in prostitution. Arya Samaj distributed pamphletsto stop this evil. Arya Samaj got married those girls in

respectable families and send other girls to schools. It offeredscholarships to boys to educate them. Nayak girls protectionact was passed by efforts of Thakur Mashal Singh and justwhole community was uplifted with efforts of Arya Samaj.

Reforms were done in so called criminal tribes in UnitedProvinces. More than fifty thousand criminal tribe memberswere rehabilitated outside Luck now in colony name Arya

Nagar settlements. They were educated and a dispensary wasalso opened.

The reformation drive by Arya Samaj also influencedothers. In kumbh fairof 1927 Pandit Madan Mohan Malviyain all India Sanatan Dharma Sabha passed proposal of

permission of all untouchables to go to temples and also todraw water from public wells.

On 17th

April 1927 an all IndiaAchhutoddharconferencewas organised under the presidentship of Lala Lajpat Rai,where in he appealed to the people to allow the untouchableto draw water from public wells.

On 17th July 1932 the untouchability removal day wascelebrated at Bombay by Arya Samaj. The untouchables drewwater from the wells and the Brahmins, kshatriyas andvaishyas drank it willingly.

On 19th sept 1933 at a grand meeting organised at BombayArya Samaj appealed to the people to treat untouchables astheir equal and to assure them that they were parts of Hinducommunity only.

Swami Shraddhananda and congressSince his joining politics, Swami Shraddhananda was

continuously motivating Indian national congress to deal withthe problem of untouchability at national level with extensivemeasures. In his chairman address of Amritsar congress (1919)he strongly expressed his feelings as Is it not true that somany among you who make the loudest noises about theacquisition of political rights, are not able to overcome theirfeeling of revulsion for those sixty millions of India who aresuffering injustice, your brothers whom you regard asuntouchable ? How many are there who take these wretched

brothers of theirs to their heart?...give deep thoughtandconsider how your sixty million brothers-broken fragmentsof your own hearts which you have cut off and thrown away-how these millions of children of mother India can well becomethe anchor of the ship of a foreign government. I make thisone appeal to all of you, brothers and sisters. Purify yourhearts with the water of the love of the motherland in thisnational temple, and promise that these millions will not remain


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7


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Om Krinvantho Vishwamaaryam (Rigveda 9.63.5)Make this world Enlightened.

for you untouchables, but become brothers and sisters. Theirsons and daughters will study in our schools, their men andwomen will participate in our societies, in our fight forindependence they will stand shoulder-to-shoulder with us,and all of us will join hands to realize the fulfilment of ournational goal (Quotations from original Hindi texts of theSwami jis Amritsar conference address obtained from Gandhimemorial museum, Delhi)

Swami Jis difference with Gandhi Ji increased with thepassage of time when he draw attention of the congresstowards the harassment of Christian Chamars by police inenvirons of Delhi who had accepted Shuddhi and returned

back to Hinduism by Arya Samaj. In April 1919 he publisheda booklet of eighty pages entitledjati ke dinon ko mat tyago(do not abandon the poor of our nation). Books first seventy

pages dealt with the methods used by Christian missionariesin India. Nearly half of the book was taken up by translationsfrom an article in the theosophist about the nefarious activitiesof Portuguese missionaries and the inquisition, followed byan indictment of protestant missionary work, in particular thatof the Delhi Cambridge mission. Thus nearly ninety percentof the pamphlet was aimed at demonstrating missionaries hadalways used unfair, immortal and underhand mean. The lastten pages deal with constructive point. Since theuntouchables were becoming Christians for other thanreligious reasons, the way to prevent those happenings was

by educating their children, by protecting them from the police,and by helping them to achieve social uplift. Since the orthodoxwould not take up that task, it had become a duty of the

Aryas to be a crucial one because the greatest danger of theconversion of the untouchables to Christianity was that theybecame denationalized and supporters of the raj. The swamikowrote if the seven crores of untouchables of India,exasperated by the attitude of the twice born, become Christian, then our orthodox leaders, supporters of independence, willnot be able to do anything, except be very sorry. (Jati kedinon ko mat tyago. P-72)

In 1920 Calcutta congress session Swami Ji proposedthree-point program with special section on the untouchables,

bu t co ng ress de cl ar ed co ns iderat ion of th isinopportune.(shraddha 13 august,14,17 sept. 1920). Swami Jiwrites in liberator that even Mahatama Gandhi had notrealized its importance and was taken up with his resolution

of non-violent non-cooperation resolution had been passedby the khilafat committee and Mahatama Ji threatened tosponsor it outside the congress, if it was not passed there. Ithought it to be a misfortune if Mahatama Ji would be obligedto sever his connection with the oldest political movement inIndia (INCON-p 121)

Swami Ji was surprised on hearing Maulana Shaukat Alisdoings in Calcutta session in hearing of more than 50 persons,while the merits of non-violence were being discussed.Maulana said Mahatama Gandhi is a shrewdbania. You donot understand his real object. By putting you underdiscipline, he is preparing you for guerrilla warfare. He is notsuch an out-an-out non-violencist as you all suppose (INCOP-122) Swami Ji forwarded his message to Gandhi Jis secretary

that his motives were being misrepresented by his trustedcolleagues. The next year 1921 Nagpur session Swami Ji againnoticed the same pranks being played by the big Ali brothers.

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In Delhi the Arya Samaj had been working for the depressedclasses, and the swami ji tried to get the local congress toallow them access to the wells. But it was in vain.

Swami Ji reached Delhi on 17th august, 1921 and foundthat the question of removal of untouchability was becomingvery acute. He called a few of chiefchaudharies and askedthe full story. They gave the following story- The secretaryof the Delhi congress committee called the chaudharies ofthe Chamars and requested them to give to the congress asmany as four-Anna paying members as they could. The replyof the elders was that unless their grievance as regards thetaking of water from the public wells was removed, they couldnot induce their brethren to join the congress. The secretarywas a choleric man of hasty temper and said they wantedSwarajya at once but the grievance of the Chamars could wait

and would be removed by and by. One of the young men gotup and said-our trouble from which we are suffering forcenturies must wait solution, but the laddu of Swarajya mustgo into your mouth at once! We shall see how you obtainSwarajya immediately!

(To be continued...)


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Arya SandesamBank Account No: 4264000100072426

IFSC Code : PUNB 0426400

Punjab National Bank- Cherpalcheri Branch

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Arya Sandesam May 2013