AS CHANGE AGENTS FOR THE CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ABREU...Diogo 32 3rd UNICA Green Academic Footprint Workshop, Lisbon, 6-7 June, 2013 The (new) University of Lisbon is an impressive set

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3rd UNICA Green Academic Footprint Workshop, Lisbon, 6-7 June, 2013 1

“ UNIVERSITIES

AS CHANGE AGENTS

FOR THE CITIES

ENVIRONMENTAL

SUSTAINABILITY “

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The door to the UniverCity

1st part

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- Geographer

- Scientific Director of a Research

Center in Geography

- Member of the Department of Spatial

Planning (IGOT) – Univ. Lisbon

DIOGO DE ABREU

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- Geographer

- Scientific Director of a Research

Center in Geography

- Member of the Department of Spatial

Planning (IGOT) – Univ. Lisbon

DIOGO DE ABREU

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Geographers

The Keyword is Integration

Integration in time:

The present as a link between past and future

Integration in space:

Different scales, imbrication of spaces

Thematic integration: Several fields of knowledge brought together

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SUSTAINABILITY

Environmental

Economic

Social

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Sustainability …

… and some important associated concepts

Green

Welfare (quantity, quality)

Resilience, flexibility and … adaptation

Risks, hazards

…

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Main goal…

The ideal is:

To create and maintain systems that are

as self-sustainable as possible

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Systems and environment

Four theoretical conceptions: Capricious, random, unpredictable, many independent

equilibrium situations, chaotic behaviour, small changes in input

led to big changes in output

– Example: weather systems

Fragile, changeable, irreversible, a situation of unstable,

precarious and unrepeatable equilibrium

– Example: downfall of a cliff, destruction of properties

Robust, stable, homeostatic, always comes back to the state of

equilibrium

Quasi-robust, stable up to a certain point, after which tends to

other equilibria

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Types of system behaviour

Random Fragile Robust Quasi-robust

(many possible (only one solution (only one solution, (some stable solutions,

unstable solutions) not stable) very stable) within certain limits)

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PEACE

Primal Guarantee of Sustainability

(Necessary Condition)

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WAR

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Sarajevo, 1994, National and Universitary Library (www.andreekaiser.com)

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Violent social

conflits

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Greece, November 2012, (ARIS MESSINIS/AFP/Getty Images)

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Turkey, 2013, riots in the streets (www.bellinghamherald.com and www.dailymail.co.uk)

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Southern Europe

and the

Present Economic Crisis

… no comments !

For now !!!

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Create robust systems;

Increase the resilience of the systems (for each given external situation)

Develop adaptive strategies (if and when external situation changes)

Be efficient

Goals for Sustainability

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Universities should be agents of change

through:

- Example

- Cooperation

- Consulting

because they have the knowledge

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“It makes no sense to build carbon-neutral houses if

they are surrounded by pollution in an unsustainable

city and linked by an unsustainable transportation

system,” ICCJ president Francesco Formiconi

In fact, it make very few sense if the University

initiatives do not spread to the other areas of the

city where it is located.

EXEMPLE

In many cases, not enough

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COOPERATION

Sometimes, not easy …

Different Objectives;

Different actuation times (political elections versus

academic pratices);

Diverse types and levels of responsibilities with

regard to the communities (academy – tutelage,

students, teachers and civil servants;

municipalities: government levels, socioeconomic

groups, elites, NGOs, etc.)

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CONSULTING

Always, not completely fair …

The University usually does things only at

marginal costs;

In competition with private enterprises;

In competition with our own ex-students;

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Univer City

City

Capital

University Sustainability

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University & City

3 different spaces of actuation

In the space of the Capital city

Within the University

– “Campus”, as a special case

Joint solutions to common problems

– University – City relations

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University & City

In the space of the Capital city

The University has a set of resources that can

be used by the city and its visitors

Libraries, museums, gardens, spaces, equipped rooms…

The University has Knowledge

– Scientific (general, regional and local)

– Artistic, Cultural

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Impacts of the University in the City

Social

Economic

Urbanistic

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Social Impacts • Increase youth population

• Promotion of qualified human resources

• Increase the level of both social and human

capital

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Economic Impacts • Direct and indirect economic effects

(Economic Multipliers)

• Employment generation

• Increase of trade and services

• Development of real estate market

(purchasing and renting)

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Urbanistic Impacts • Improvement of the physical conditions of the

city

• Functional diversification

• Enhancement/Valorisation of the city’s image

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University & City

Within the University

The (new) University of Lisbon is BIG!

– Many students, teachers, workers, users,…

– Large areas, many buildings and open spaces

The (new) University of Lisbon green!

– Environmentally friendly, with efficient management

and good quality of life

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PLANO DE PORMENOR DA CIDADE UNIVERSITÁRIA DE LISBOA - Relatório Preliminar

University & City

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The (new) University of Lisbon is an impressive

set of people and activities in the city.

More than 48.000 students, about 3.500 teachers,

3.000 researchers, 2.000 administrative workers,

buildings, spaces, institutes, residences, scientific

and cultural activities,

5 Museums of natural history (Science, Mineralogy,

Zoology & Botanic garden)

109 research centers, 10 research Laboratories

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The (new) University of Lisbon is in

fact a median size town within the

capital city.

The (new) University of Lisbon want

to be green.

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University & City

Several “Campus” “Cidade Universitária”

IST – Instituto Superior Técnico

Ajuda

…

Many buildings, schools and

services dispersed throughout the

city – (some very large, cf. Tapada da Ajuda)

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I.S.T. Campus


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Google Earth http://lrm.isr.ist.utl.pt/rescue/

I.S.T. Campus

http://www.google.pt/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=photos campus ist&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=78JLidlHe6sHpM&tbnid=qbuAt_cx6so19M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://lrm.isr.ist.utl.pt/rescue/&ei=rIKwUcb-C46r0AWz6YHwDQ&psig=AFQjCNFJ2Th9_NYhWIJR-bKeFseHzh4XTw&ust=1370608681648185

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Ajuda Campus and “Tapada” Google Earth

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Google Earth

Ajuda Campus

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Campus “Cidade Universitária

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Google Earth

“Cidade Universitária” Campus

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“Cidade Universitária” Campus

Google Earth

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Campus of

“Cidade

Universitária” (Lisbon University, ISCTE,

National Archive, City

Museum and residual

residential areas)


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The

“Cidade Universitária” campus

is, and want to be, a

truly

sustainable campus

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University of Lisbon - Sustainable Campus

http://universidadeverde.campus.ul.pt/destaques-da-semana-1/Infografia1.jpg?attredirects=0

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What we want ( need ?) in the University and in the campus

(Re)organize the structure of the (new)

University of Lisbon

(Re)structure the use of campus and buildings

according to the affinities of teaching and

research activities

Prepare buildings and open/green spaces for

possible natural changes (climatic, …)

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Improve, in each location, the morphological

coherence of the built structures

Ensure space for future needed expansions

Improve the management of the buildings (avoid wasting space, complement activities, easy

adaptation to changing needs, ...)

Perform maintenance and building repair (internal and external)

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In each campus, look for a more uniform

landscape image

Improve safety (passive & active): – In disease and at work

– Against extreme events (natural, social,..)

– Explosions and fires

– Of individuals and belongings

– Of intrusion and in the event of evacuation

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In open /green spaces: – In all situations, avoid close perspectives and

pathways with bad visibility

– Promote the use of spaces (through landscape

architecture, street furniture, light support

equipment, student residences, reinforcing ties with

other residences, and promote other activities

(cultural, leisure, etc.)

– At night, increase the public lightning

– Some policing, especially in “dark spots”

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Projects Solar panels

Green roofs

Separate waste disposal

Pro-active collection of wasted paper

Safety

Mobility

…

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Some notes on…

Separate

collection of

paper

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Ongoing Renovation (2013)


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Environmental quality

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Environmental quality

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Separate waste disposable

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but…

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Green mobility

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Good level of security

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University & City

University – City relations

Landscape and functional integration with the

rest of the city

– Specially in the Campo Grande area and garden

Availability of transportation (and parking) for

students, teachers, other university staff,

suppliers, hospital patients and other visitors

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University & City


Reduce car traffic

- Difficulties: hospital, congested alternative routes

Rationalize parking

– Each type of user must have an adequate response

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Hierarchy of the surrounding road network


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Crossing roads

Cidade Universitária Campus


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PARKING - Evolution of daily demand


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Parking problems

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TOTAL 7,364 places (about 6,500 in the area of UL in 1999)

Public ……………………….…….. 63.6% Free ….……………….…….. 3.3%

Paid for …..…………………. 60.3%

Reserved ………………………….. 36.4%

Parking

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University & City


Integration of the campus within the urban

networks of water, energy, data transmission and

sewage

Integration, in the city practices, of the campus

procedures for solid waste collection

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University & City


Integrated and controlled collection of solid, liquid

and gas waste resulting from scientific practice

Integrated control, with the municipal and

national authorities, of the procedures related

with toxic or radioactive substances

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“Alameda da Universidade”

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Universities have to be elements,

which, through their own example,

promote more sustainable and

responsible lifestyles,

and ultimately,

more liberty to all of us

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Obrigado

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Thank you

Documents

AS CHANGE AGENTS FOR THE CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ABREU...Diogo 32 3rd UNICA Green Academic Footprint Workshop, Lisbon, 6-7 June, 2013 The (new) University of Lisbon is an impressive set