As of: 07 Apr 051 Using MIL-STD-882D: Approach for Identification and Elimination of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of Risks Associated with Environmental

As of: 07 Apr 05 1

Using MIL-STD-882D:

Approach for Identification and

Elimination of Environmental Hazards or

Reduction of Risks Associated with

Environmental Hazards

2005 Joint Services Environmental Management Conference

S.G. Forbes, SAF/AQRE

Paige V. Ripani, Booz Allen Hamilton

Karen Gill, Booz Allen Hamilton

As of: 07 Apr 05 2

Overview

DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering

(SSSE) Policies & Guidance

MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination

of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of

Environmental Risks

Environmental Management (EM) and

MIL-STD-882D Similarities

As of: 07 Apr 05 3

DoD SSSE Policies & Guidance

Basic Policy: Integrate environment, safety, and occupational health

(ESOH) considerations into the Systems Engineering process

Use MIL-STD-882D, Standard Practice for System Safety, to accomplish this

Rationale: Influence daily design trade study decision making Identify and eliminate ESOH hazards or reduce the risks

as early as possible in the design/development process Approach ESOH from perspective of Acquisition

programs -- risk management versus compliance

As of: 07 Apr 05 4


Policy Documents: 12 May 03 DoD Instruction 5000.2, "Operation of the

Defense Acquisition System" 23 Sep 04 USD (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics)

policy memo to the Service Secretaries, "Defense Acquisition System Safety"

Revision to DoDI 5000.2 incorporating 23 Sep 04 memo

Guidance Documents: Oct 04 DoD Acquisition Guidebook Apr 05 Defense Acquisition University (DAU) Course,

System Safety in Systems Engineering

As of: 07 Apr 05 5


Key Guidance: Eliminate ESOH hazards or mitigate hazards to reduce

ESOH risks -- the EM Pollution Prevention approach Manage ESOH, mission, or programmatic risks

associated with Routine Operation & Maintenance of the system System failures ESOH compliance requirements

Accept risks at designated management authorities Provide supplemental HAZMAT information Link MIL-STD-882D ESOH risk management and

NEPA/EO 12114 analyses

As of: 07 Apr 05 6

Overview





Environmental Risks



As of: 07 Apr 05 7

MIL-STD-882D

Foreword: “This standard practice addresses an approach...useful in

the management of environmental, safety, and health mishap risks….”

Definitions:“Hazard. Any real or potential condition that can cause

injury, illness, or death to personnel; damage to or loss of a system, equipment or property; or damage to the environment.”

As of: 07 Apr 05 8

MIL-STD-882D

Section A.4.1.1:

“System safety in environmental and health hazard

management. While environmental and health hazard

management are normally associated with the

application of statutory direction and requirements,

the management of mishap risk associated with actual

environmental and health hazards is directly

addressed by the system safety approach. Therefore,

environmental and health hazards can be analyzed

and managed with the same tools as any other

hazard.”

As of: 07 Apr 05 9

MIL-STD-882D

Eight mandatory steps:

1. Document the System Safety approach

2. Identify ESOH hazards

3. Assess risks associated with ESOH hazards

4. Identify risk mitigation measures

5. Reduce risk to an acceptable level

6. Verify risk reduction

7. Accept residual risk by appropriate authority

8. Track hazards throughout life cycle

Step 1 reoccurs as necessarySteps 2 - 8 occur repeatedly throughout life cycle

As of: 07 Apr 05 10

MIL-STD-882D

MIL-STD-882D Step 3 -- Assessing risk Assess severity of the consequences that might be

caused by a specific hazard Assign a severity category based on MIL-STD-882D Determine the likelihood (probability) of the hazard

resulting in the consequences Assign a probability level based on MIL-STD-882D Assign a risk value using the MIL-STD-882D Risk

Assessment Matrix Assign a risk category based on the risk value Identify risk acceptance authority based on the risk

category

As of: 07 Apr 05 11

MIL-STD-882D & DoDI 5000.2

PROBABILITY

LEVELS

SEVERITY CATEGORIES

I

CATASTROPHIC

II

CRITICAL

III

MARGINAL

IV

NEGLIGIBLE

(A) Frequent 1 3 7 13

(B) Probable 2 5 9 16

(C) Occasional 4 6 11 18

(D) Remote 8 10 14 19

(E) Improbable 12 15 17 20

Risk Assessment and Risk AcceptanceMIL-STD-882D & DoDI 5000.2, E7

HIGH(CAE) HIGH(CAE)

LOW (PM)LOW (PM)

SERIOUS (PEO)SERIOUS (PEO)

MEDIUM (PM) MEDIUM (PM)

As of: 07 Apr 05 12

MIL-STD-882D

Description Category Environmental, Safety, and Health Result Criteria

Catastrophic ICould result in death, permanent total disability, loss exceeding $1M, or irreversible severe environmental damage that violates law or regulation.

Critical II

Could result in permanent partial disability, injuries or occupational illness that may result in hospitalization of at least three personnel, loss exceeding $200K but less than $1M, or reversible environmental damage causing a violation of law or regulation.

Marginal III

Could result in injury or occupational illness resulting in one or more lost work days(s), loss exceeding $10K but less than $200K, or mitigatible environmental damage without violation of law or regulation where restoration activities can be accomplished.

Negligible IVCould result in injury or illness not resulting in a lost work day, loss exceeding $2K but less than $10K, or minimal environmental damage not violating law or regulation.

Hazard Severity Categories

As of: 07 Apr 05 13

MIL-STD-882D

Description Level Specific Individual Item Fleet or Inventory

Frequent ALikely to occur often in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence greater than 10-1 in that life.

Continuously experienced.

Probable BWill occur several times in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-1 but greater than 10-2 in that life.

Will occur frequently.

Occasional CLikely to occur some time in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-2 but greater than 10-3 in that life.

Will occur several times.

Remote DUnlikely but possible to occur in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-3 but greater than 10-6 in that life.

Unlikely, but can reasonably be expected

to occur.

Improbable ESo unlikely, it can be assumed occurrence may not be experienced, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-6 in that life.

Unlikely to occur, but possible.

Hazard Probability Levels

As of: 07 Apr 05 14

MIL-STD-882D

HazardHazardous

EffectsCausal Factors

IR IRV IRC Risk Mitigation FR FRV FRC Status

Spillage of hydrazine while refilling the F-16 EPU

Uncontrolled release of carcinogen; violation of toxic material spill limits; ground water contamination; exposure of personnel to carcinogen; loss of aircraft until clean up completed

Refilling equipment cumbersome and heavy; maintenance personnel in awkward position where cannot easily ensure connections tight and cannot quickly detect leakage

IIC 6 Serious Program Office redesigned the refilling equipment to reduce potential for leakage; integrated hydrazine vapor detector into refilling equipment linked to cut off valves that automatically stop flow of hydrazine if vapors detected; provided new design work platform so maintenance personnel in more secure and comfortable work position

IIIE 17 Medium Closed; PM accepted the Medium Risk Level

IR – Initial Risk

FR – Final RiskIRV – Initial Risk Value

FRV – Final Risk ValueIRC – Initial Risk Category

FRV – Final Risk Category

SAMPLE HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

As of: 07 Apr 05 15

MIL-STD-882D

3

2

4

1

5

19

18

20

7

9

6

8

PROBABILITY

LEVEL

(E) Improbable

SEVERITY CATEGORY

ICATASTROPHIC

IICRITICAL

IIIMARGINAL

IVNEGLIGIBLE

(A) Frequent

(C) Occasional

16

13

10

15

11

14

17 12

(B) Probable

Medium RiskLow Risk

Initial RiskResidual Risk

High RiskSerious Risk

Hazard Eliminated

Procedures &

WarningsDesign

Changes

(D) Remote

As of: 07 Apr 05 16

Overview





Environmental Risks



As of: 07 Apr 05 17

EM & MIL-STD-882D Similarities

Environmental risk management outside Acquisition

Systems Engineering process

Clean Air Act requires Risk Management Plans for

extremely toxic materials

Restoration site risk assessments set cleanup limits

US EPA uses risk assessments in setting standards

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) employs risk

management methodology that parallels MIL-STD-882D

As of: 07 Apr 05 18

Parallel MIL-STD-882D Steps

2. Identify potential environmental hazards

3. Assess hazard severity and probability (risk)

4. Recommend possible mitigation measures

5. Decide whether to implement mitigation measures

7. Formally accept residual risk at appropriate level

8. Track hazards throughout life cycle

NEPA Analysis Identify potential

environmental impacts Assess significance of

potential impacts Identify means to mitigate

and/or monitor impacts Decide whether to

implement mitigation measures

Formally document the decision

Implement mitigation and/or monitoring decisions

EM & MIL-STD-882D Similarities

As of: 07 Apr 05 19

Summary





Environmental Risks



As of: 07 Apr 05 20

BACK UP CHARTS

As of: 07 Apr 05 21

MIL-STD-882D

Mishap severity Catastrophic = Could result in death, permanent total

disability, loss exceeding $1M, or irreversible severe

environmental damage that violates law or regulation.

Critical = Could result in permanent partial disability,

injuries or occupational illness that may result in

hospitalization of at least three personnel, loss

exceeding $200K but less than $1M, or reversible

environmental damage causing a violation of law or

regulation.

As of: 07 Apr 05 22

MIL-STD-882D

Mishap severity cont’d Marginal = Could result in injury or occupational illness

resulting in one or more lost work days(s), loss exceeding $10K but less than $200K, or mitigatible environmental damage without violation of law or regulation where restoration activities can be accomplished

Negligible = Could result in injury or illness not resulting in a lost work day, loss exceeding $2K but less than $10K, or minimal environmental damage not violating law or regulation.