7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

1/15

AS PEAnatomy & Physiology

James Barraclough

Lesson 2: Bones

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

2/15

Aims: Skeleton & BonesObjectives:

ALL will be able to identify:

O Bones of Axial skeletonO Bones of Appendicular skeleton

O Functions of bones

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

3/15

Activity 1Using homework answers, on next slide take

turns to label bones. MAKE NOTES OF ANY YOU

DONT HAVE:O ColourAXIAL SKELETON blue

O ColourAPPENDICULAR SKELETON red

O ALSO: which is following views of skeleton is:

O ANTERIOR?O POSTERIOR?

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

4/15

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

5/15

ANSWERS206 bones in human body

O AXIAL: 80 bonesO Cranium (29 bones in head)O Thorax (25 in total: sternum & 24 ribs)

O Vertebral column (26 bones: 24 vertebrae, sacrum &coccyx)

O Bonus point: what are 5 sections of spine called? (CuteTeddies Love Some Cuddles NEXT SLIDE)

O APPENDICULAR (the rest!): 126 bonesO 2 Clavicles & 2 scapulae (English names?)

O Arms (2 Humerus, 2 ulna & 2 radius )

O Hands (16 carpals, 10 metacarpals, 2 sesamoid & 28phalanges)

O Pelvis (2 coxae ilium, ischium & pubis bones fusedtogether)

O Legs (2 femurs, 2 patella, 2 tibia & 2 fibula)

O Feet (14 tarsals, 10 metatarsals, 28 phalanges & 4sesamoid

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

6/15

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

7/15

Activity 2

Function of bones

In pairs, using following headings give briefdescription to classmates (5 minutes)

http://www.aschool.us/random/

O Lever system

O Attachment of musclesO Protection

O Shape

O Support

O Blood cellsO Mineral store

http://www.aschool.us/random/http://www.aschool.us/random/

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

8/15

AnswersO Leverage: skeletal system allows movement by co-ordinated

action of muscles on bones, providing leveragemusclespull on bones to act as levers & movement occurs at joint

O Attachment of muscles: parts of skeleton (usually flat bones)provide surface for muscles to attach allowing movement tooccur (levers)

O Protection: skeleton protects vital tissues/organs e.g.:

O Skull protects brain; ribs protect heart/lungs); Vertebralcolumn protects spinal cord; Pelvis protects abdominal &

reproductive organsO Shape/Support: skeleton gives body shape. Provides

framework for soft tissues (muscles, etc.) & prevent it fromcollapsing in heap

O Blood cells: bones not solid - inside long bones are BONEMARROW which produce & replace white (generally in shafts

of long bones) & red blood cells (generally at ends of longsbones & some flat bones)

O Mineral store: skeleton acts as MINERAL RESERVE (e.g.calcium) vital for bone growth & health. Minerals transportedround body when needed for growth/repair (e.g. injury)

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

9/15

Types of bone

5 types of bone:

O LongO Short

O Flat

O Irregular

O Sesamoid

Way bones arranged in body allows them to performcertain functions

The role bone performs determines size, shape &

density

ACTIVITY 3: in pairs complete the table

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

10/15

Bone type Description Function ExampleLong Longer than it is wide!

Short Approximately as wideas they are long

Flat Flat!

Irregular Irregular in shape &dont fall into othercategories

Sesamoid Usually short/irregular bonesembedded in tendons

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

11/15

Bone type Description FunctionLong Longer than it is wide! Levers

Blood cellproduction

Short Approximately as wide as theyare long

Support & stability,little movement

Flat Flat! ProtectionMuscleattachment

Irregular Irregular in shape & dont fallinto other categories Various, dependson location

Sesamoid Usually short/ irregular bonesembedded in tendons

Protects tendon aspasses over joint

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

12/15

Examples

Long Bones:

O Arms: Humerus, radius & ulna

O Legs: Femur, tibia, fibula

O Hands & feet: Metacarpals, phalanges & metatarsals

Short bones:

O Tarsals & calcaneum feet; carpals hands

Irregular bones:

O Vertebrae; jawbone (mandible); cheekbone

Flat bones:

O Cranium, clavicle, scapula, sternum, ribs, pelvis

Sesamoid bones:

O Patella, pisiform (in wrist), 1st metatarsal bone has 2sesamoid bones as connects to big toe

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

13/15

Recap

Bones Dominoes

ALSO: write down e-mails for

me to send lesson resources

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

14/15

7/27/2019 As PE Lesson 2 Bones 2013-14

15/15

Next Lesson

Joints:

O Classifications (fixed, cartilaginous, 6

synovial)O Movements applicable to sport

HOMEWORK: research & make notes onabove in preparation for lesson