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AS PELesson 6: Muscle Fibres, Connection & Contractions

James Barraclough

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Objectives (HOMEWORK):

ALL to understand:

Muscle fibre types & characteristics

Connective tissues

Antagonistic muscle action

Aims: Muscle Fibres, Connection &Contractions

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Make poster to present to class showing using textbooks & homeworkanswers:

Muscle fibres & characteristics (speed/force of contraction, size,

fatiguability, anaerobic/aerobic capacity): Type 1

Type 2a

Type 2b

As many sports as poss for each type & explain why

Connective tissue (tendon, origin, insertion) Antagonistic muscle action

30 minutes

Paired Activity 1

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Muscle Fibres

Muscles made up of thousands of single muscle fibres

Muscle fibre make-up may vary between individuals &muscles

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Characteristics of Muscle Fibres

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Muscle Fibre Twitch Response

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Connective Tissue

Holds all individual muscle fibres together

Surrounds & encases whole muscle forming TENDONS

These attach to bones & transmit pull of muscles to

bones

Tendons made up of collagen

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Muscles

Points of attachment for muscles:

Origin: end attached to stable bone that muscle canpull against usually nearest flat (plate) bone

Insertion: muscle attachment on bone that musclepulls into action

e.g. Biceps origin is scapula & insertion is radius

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Agonists & Antagonists

Muscles work in groups rather than alone, most arranged inopposing pairs. Muscle responsible for movement calledprime mover or agonist

When agonist contracts, opposing muscle has to relax toallow movement. This muscle called antagonist

Large part of muscle known as muscle bellyE.g. bicep curl: If prime mover is bicep then triceps antagonistic muscle that

relaxes for movement to occur (bicep curl). Antagonist &agonist work together to produce movement

Fixator muscles (trapezius) stabilise origin (scapula) toenable maximum contraction Neutralisers/synergists prevent unwanted movements

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Bicep Curl

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Type of

Contraction

Description Example

I

S

O

TO

N

I

C

CONCENTRIC Muscle shortens Leg kicking ball

ECCENTRIC Muscle lengthens Bicep curl on

downward phase

ISOMETRIC/

STATIC

Muscle stays same

length throughout

Crucifix position

holding weight at

arms length

http://www.thesunblog.com/sports/questionmark.jpg

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http://www.thesunblog.com/sports/questionmark.jpg

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Research:

Types of muscle contraction (concentric, eccentric,isometric)

Movement analysis

Homework