ASB Style Guide Manual for Standards, Technical and Best ... · ASB Style Guide Manual for Standards, Technical Reports and Best Practice Recommendations – 2016 Edition 1 Preface

ASBGuide00012016

ASBStyleGuideManualforStandards,TechnicalReportsandBestPracticeRecommendations

ASBGuide00012016

ASBStyleGuideManualforStandards,TechnicalReportsandBestPracticeRecommendations

ApprovedbytheAcademyStandardsBoardforusebytheAAFSStandardsBoard,LLC.March2016

AcademyStandardsBoard4200WisconsinAvenue,NW

Suite106‐310Washington,DC20016‐2143

Thisdocumentmaybedownloadedforfreeat:http://asb.aafs.org/

Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,including

photocopying,orpostingontheinternetoronanintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromtheAcademyStandardsBoard,4200WisconsinAvenue,NW,Suite106‐310,Washington,

DC20016‐2143,asb.aafs.org.

Copyright©AcademyStandardsBoard2016

Keywords:Style,editing,layout,requirements,patents,standards,technicalreports,bestpracticerecommendations

ThisManualwasdevelopedtoprovideguidanceforpreparingdocumentsthatwillbepublishedbytheAAFSStandardsBoard(ASB).

Foreword

TheAAFShasestablishedanorganizationdedicatedtodevelopingdocumentarystandardsforforensics,theAcademyStandardsBoard(ASB).ThisorganizationwillworkcloselywiththeForensicScienceStandardsBoardanditssubcommittees,whicharededicatedtocreatinganationalregistryofforensicstandards.ThedocumentisintendedtoassisttheconsensusbodiesandworkinggroupsindraftingdocumentstobepublishedbytheAAFSStandardsBoard.

Acknowledgements

EditorialCommittee:

BradWing,TeresaAmbrosius,MaryMcKiel

TableofContents

1 Preface...........................................................................................................................................................................1

2 GeneralGuidance......................................................................................................................................................1

3 DocumentLayoutforStandards.........................................................................................................................23.1. General..........................................................................................................................................................................23.2. CoverPage...................................................................................................................................................................23.3. TitlePage......................................................................................................................................................................23.4. Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................33.5. Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................................................33.6. TableofContents......................................................................................................................................................43.7. Scope(Section1)......................................................................................................................................................43.8. NormativeReferences(Section2).....................................................................................................................43.9. TermsandDefinitions(Section3).....................................................................................................................43.10. Requirements(Section4).....................................................................................................................................63.11. Conformance(Section5).......................................................................................................................................63.12. Annexes(LabeledAlphabeticallyinorder)...................................................................................................7

4 FiguresandTables...................................................................................................................................................7

5 DocumentLayoutforTechnicalReports........................................................................................................7

6 DocumentLayoutforBestPracticeRecommendations...........................................................................8

AnnexA(informative)ExpressionofProvisions........................................................................................................9

AnnexB(normative)PatentsandCopyrights...........................................................................................................11

AnnexC(informative)Numbers,UnitsofMeasurement,andEquations......................................................13

AnnexD(informative)SampleFormatforanASBDocument...........................................................................15

AnnexE(informative)Bibliography.............................................................................................................................18

TablesA.1 VerbalFormstoExpressRequirements..........................................................................................................9A.2 VerbalFormstoExpressRecommendations.............................................................................................10A.3 VerbalFormstoExpressPermission............................................................................................................10A.4 VerbalFormstoExpressPossibilityandCapability...............................................................................10

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ASBStyleGuideManualforStandards,TechnicalReportsandBestPracticeRecommendations–2016Edition

1 Preface

ThisManualwasdevelopedtoprovideguidanceforpreparingdocumentsthatwillbepublishedbytheAAFSStandardsBoard(ASB)andsubmittedtotheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI).

ThisManualdrawsheavilyuponthefollowingsources:

ANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐20031

HowtoWriteStandards,InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)2

RecommendedPracticefortheDesignationandOrganizationofStandards,ANSI/SES1:2013,TheSocietyforStandardsProfessionals(SES)3

Eachstandard(S),technicalreport(TR)andbestpracticerecommendation(BPR)byconsensusbodiesoftheAAFSStandardsBoardshallconformtothisstylemanual.Thepurposeistoensureconsistencyinformat,andtomaximizeusabilityofthedocuments.WhendeviancefromthisManualisrecommendedbyadraftingworkinggroupofaconsensusbodythatconsensusbodyshallasktheSecretariatforpermissionandsuchdeviationshallbenotedintheForewordtothedocument.

2 GeneralGuidance

ThefollowingpointsshouldbeobservedwhenwritinganASBdocument:

1) ASBencouragestheuseofplainlanguage,totheextentpossible,initspublications.Itisrecognizedthatsomeveryspecializedterminologymaybenecessary,butsuchterminologyshouldbekepttoaminimum.

2) Theactivevoiceshouldbeusedinsentences.

3) Sentencesshouldbeshortandunambiguous.

4) Anytextcopiedfromanotherdocumentshallbefullyreferencedinafootnote.Thenameofthereferenceddocumentshallbeinitalics.

5) AsANSIstates:“Thecorrectverbformforindicatingarequirementis“shall.”Thecorrectverbformforindicatingarecommendationis“should”.Universallyaccepted“standardese”doesnotrecognize“must”.Use“shall”forindicatingamandatoryaspectoranaspecton

1TheANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐2003isavailableforfreeathttp://publicaa.ansi.org/sites/apdl/Documents/Standards%20Activities/American%20National%20Standards/Procedures,%20Guides,%20and%20Forms/New%20ANSI%20Style%20Guidesheet%202.docv2HowtoWriteStandardsisavailableforfreeatwww.iso.org/iso/how‐to‐write‐standards.pdf3RecommendedPracticefortheDesignationandOrganizationofStandards,ANSI/SES1:2013isavailableforafeeatwww.ses‐standards.org

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whichthereisnooption.4Negativeformsare“shallnot”and“shouldnot”.“May”and“neednot”indicateacourseofactionthatispermissible.

6) Sincethedocumentswillbeavailableelectronically,cross‐referenceswithinthedocumentshallbehyperlinkedandcoloredgreen.Externalhyperlinksshallbecoloredblue.

7) AsANSIstates:“Makesureallstandardsonwhichthedocumentiscontingentarefullyandcorrectlylisted,withavailabilityfootnotes,wherenecessary.AnydocumentcitedinthestandardasbeingindispensablefortheapplicationofthestandardneedstobelistedinNormativeReferences.Informativereferences‐thoseforinformationonly,orforuseasbackgroundreading‐aretobelistedinaBibliography.4”

8) Thedocumentshouldhaveconsistentuseofterms.Forexample,theeditorshouldensurethateither‘palmprint’or‘palmprint’isusedthroughoutthedocument.

9) Acronymsshallbedefinedatfirstuseandshallappearinthesectionofthedocument“TermsandDefinitions”(SeeSection3.9).

10) Sectionsofthemainbodyofthestandardshallbedesignatedbyanumber.Subsectionsofthemainbodyofthestandardshallbedesignatedbyanumber,period,andanothernumber,repeatingasnecessarytoindicatethelevelofthesubsection.(Examplesare3.and3.1and3.1.8)Annexesshallbedesignatedbylettersandannexsectionsandsubsectionsshallbedesignatedbythatletterfollowedbyaperiodandasequenceofnumbersandperiodsdesignatingthelevel(s)ofthesubsection.(ExamplesareA.2andA.2.5andA.5.7.3)

3 DocumentLayoutforStandards

3.1. General

ThissectiondescribesthegeneralformatthatisusedforASBstandards.Deviationsfromthislayoutarepossible,butneedpriorapprovaloftheSecretariat.

3.2. CoverPage

ThecoverpageshallcontaintheASBnumericaldesignationforthestandardintheupperrightcorner.TheTitleshallbecenteredonthelinebelowtheASBnumericaldesignation.

ApictureorgraphicapprovedbytheASBstaffmaybeincludedonthecoverpage.

TheASBandANSIlogosshallnotappearonthedraftcopiesofthestandard,butshallbeaddedafterapprovalofthestandardbybothbodies.

4 ANSI, ANSI Style Guide‐Sheet‐2003, available for free at http://publicaa.ansi.org/sites/apdl/Documents/Standards%20Activities/American%20National%20Standards/Procedures,%20Guides,%20and%20Forms/New%20ANSI%20Style%20Guidesheet%202.doc

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3.3. TitlePage

Thetitlepageimmediatelyfollowsthecoverpage.Likethecoverpage,itcontainstheASBnumericaldesignationofthestandardontheupperrightcornerofthepageandthecenteredtitlebelowit.

ThisisfollowedbytheASBandANSIapprovaldates.

TheASBlogo,printednameandaddressshallbeonthetitlepage.

Thefollowingshallappear:“Thisdocumentmaybedownloadedforfreeat:http://asb.aafs.org/.ItiscopyrightedbytheAmericanAcademyofForensicSciencesStandardsBoard,LLC.YEAR”

TheSecretariatwillassigntheISOInternationalClassificationforStandardsdesignation,whichimmediatelyfollowsthecopyrightstatement.

Keywords(nomorethanten)andashortabstract(twotothreesentences)shallappearatthebottomofthepage.

3.4. Foreword

TheForewordshoulddescribethestandardingeneralterms.

Next,theForewordshoulddescribehowthestandardoriginated(suchasbeingproposedbyaspecificSubcommitteeoftheOrganizationofScientificAreaCommitteessubmittingarequesttoASB).

Eachrevisionofthestandardshallincludeasummaryofthesubstantivechangestothepreviousedition.

3.5. Acknowledgements

(TheAcknowledgementssectionisoptional,theASB,theConsensusBoard,ortheWorkingGrouphavetheoptionoflistingnone,some,orallofthecategorieslistedbelow.)

Thissectionshouldbeorganizedasfollows:

Editor:

DeputyEditor(s):

DraftingWorkingGroupMembers:

ConsensusGroupMembers:

Aperson’snamemayappearundermorethanoneheading.Theconsensusgroupmembers(whoareeligibletovoteonthestandard)shallbeindicatedbytheperson’snameandorganizationthathe/sherepresents.Theinterestcategoryforeachmembershallbelisted.Thevotesofthemembersshallnotbeshowninthestandard.

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Ifarevisiontothestandardismade,theoriginalacknowledgementsshallremaininthedocument,followedbyaheaderindicatingtheRevisionNumberandthesamesubheadingsaslistedabove.

3.6. TableofContents

TheTableofContentsshallincludeallofthesectionheaders,annexes,figuresandtables.Eachentryshallincludethepagenumber.Itisrecommendedthatthisbeautomaticallygeneratedbythewordprocessor.

3.7. Scope(Section1)

TheScopebeginswithaparagraphdescribingingeneraltermsthetypesofapplicationstargetedbythestandard.Asappropriatethescopealsoindicateswhatprocessesorapplicationsarenotcovered.Theparagraphshoulddefinethetargetaudience.

TheScopeisintendedtobebriefandconcise.

3.8. NormativeReferences(Section2)

Normativereferencesaredocumentsthatareindispensablefortheapplicationofthestandard.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.Normativereferencesshallbecitedatleastonceinthebodyofthestandard.

Thelistshallbeinalphabeticalorderofthedesignation(e.g.,ANSI/INCITS398)ornameoftheproducingorganizationorauthor,ifthereisnostandarddesignation(e.g.,AmericanBoardofForensicOdontology).Immediatelyfollowingisthenameofthedocumentinitalics.Informationabouthowtoobtainacopyofthedocumentshouldbeincluded,ifknown.

Sampleentriesare:

AmericanBoardofForensicOdontology,DiplomatesReferenceManual.Itisavailableathttp://www.abfo.org/resources/abfo‐manual/

ANSI/NIST‐ITL1‐2011Update:2015,NISTSpecialPublication500‐271V3,DataFormatfortheInterchangeofFingerprint,FacialandOtherBiometricInformation.Itisavailableathttp://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/ansi_standard.cfm

3.9. TermsandDefinitions(Section3)

Anyacronymsorspecializedterminologyusedinthebodyofthestandardshallbelistedinthissection.Theyshallbenumberedandinalphabeticalorder,withspecialcharactersappearingfirst.Ifspecializedterminologyisusedinadefinition,thatterminologyshallhaveadefinitioninthissectionandthetermshallbeinboldletters.

Forpurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingdefinitionsandacronymsapply.

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3.9.1BestPracticeRecommendationBPRABPRisbasedupontheconceptof“should”asopposedto“shall’.Itprovidesguidance.Althoughitisnotrequired,itisstillhighlyrecommendedthatasectionbeincludedaddressingthetechnicalandoperationalrationaleforspecificrecommendations.

3.9.2canUsedforstatementsofpossibilityorcapability(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).

3.9.3conditionalElementthepresenceofwhichinadocumentisdependentontheprovisionsoftheparticulardocument.

3.9.4 informativeElementthatidentifiesthedocument,introducesitscontentandexplainsitsbackground,itsdevelopment,anditsrelationshipwithotherdocuments.

Elementthatprovidesadditionalinformationintendedtoassisttheunderstandingoruseofthedocument.

3.9.5mandatoryElementthepresenceofwhichinadocumentisobligatory.

9.3.6mayUsedtoindicatethataprovisionisoptional(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).

9.3.7neednotUsedtoindicatethataprovisionisnotrequired(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).

3.9.8normativeElementthatdescribesthescopeofthedocumentorsetsoutprovisions.

3.9.9optionalElementthatisnotrequiredfortheimplementationofthedocument.

3.9.10recommendationExpressioninthecontentofadocumentconveyingthatamongseveralpossibilitiesoneisrecommendedasparticularlysuitable,withoutmentioningorexcludingothers,orthatacertaincourseofactionispreferredbutnotnecessarilyrequired,orthat(inthenegativeform)acertainpossibilityorcourseofactionisdeprecatedbutnotprohibited

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3.9.11requirementExpressioninthecontentofadocumentconveyingcriteriatobefulfilledifcompliancewiththedocumentistobeclaimedandfromwhichnodeviationispermitted.

3.9.12shallUsedtoindicatethataprovisionismandatory(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).

3.9.13shouldUsedtoindicatethataprovisionisnotmandatory,butrecommendedasgoodpractice(seeAnnexAforadditionalinformation).

3.9.14StandardSDocument,establishedbyconsensusandapprovedbyarecognizedbody,thatprovides,forcommonandrepeateduse,rules,guidelines,orcharacteristicsforactivitiesortheirresults,aimedattheachievementoftheoptimumdegreeoforderinagivencontext.

3.9.15TechnicalReportTRATRdiffersfromastandardinthatitdoesnotrequireanything,itisanexplanatorydocument.ATRmaybeusedtodescribethescientificandoperationalunderpinningsofaStandard.

3.9.16statementExpressioninthecontentofadocumentconveyinginformation.

3.10. Requirements(Section4)

3.10.1. General

Thisisthe‘core’ofthestandard.Itislikelythatthissectionwillhaveseveralsubsections.Eachsectionandsubsectionshallhavedescriptivetext,whichmaycross‐referenceothersectionsofthestandard.Eachsectionorsubsectionshallclearlyindicatewhethertherequirementismandatory,optionalorconditional(dependentuponthevalueorcontentofanothersectionorsubsection).TheexactlayoutoftheRequirementswillvarybystandard,dependinguponthetopicbeingaddressed.

3.10.2. SubsequentNumbering

Allsubsequentheadingsshallbenumbered,andthetitleoftheheadingshallindicateifthesectionismandatory,optional,orconditional.

Paragraphsbelowasectionheadingmaybenumberedifitisanticipatedthatfuturereferences(inthedocument,orfromotherdocuments)maybemadetothatsection.

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3.11. Conformance(Section5)

Thissectionspecifieswhattheconformityassessmentspecificationsareforthestandard.Itmayincludetestmethods,certifications,metricsorothercriteria.Theexactlayoutofthissectionwillvary,dependinguponthetopicbeingaddressed.Whenastandardisnotwrittentosupportconformityassessment,thestandardspecifiesthatcondition.

3.12. Annexes(LabeledAlphabeticallyinorder)

Annexescontainsupplementalinformation.Theymaybenormativeorinformativeandshallbeindicatedassuch,immediatelyafterthetitleoftheAnnexandinthetableofcontents.AllAnnexesshallbecalledoutinthetextofthedocument.

Normativeannexesgiveprovisionsadditionaltothoseinthebodyofthedocument.Theirpresenceisoptional.Anannex’snormativestatusshallbemadeclearbythewayinwhichitisreferredtointhetext.

Informativeannexesgiveadditionalinformationintendedtoassisttheunderstandingoruseofthedocument.Theirpresenceisoptional.Anannex’sinformativestatus(asopposedtonormative)shallbemadeclearbythewayinwhichitisreferredtointhetext.

Informativeannexesmaycontainoptionalrequirements.Forexample,atestmethodthatisoptionalmaycontainrequirementsbutthereisnoneedtocomplywiththeserequirementstoclaimcompliancewiththedocument.

ThefirstAnnexshallbeentitled“AnnexA–FoundationalPrinciples”.Itisinformative.ThisAnnexshallcontainadescriptionofthescientificandoperationalrationaleforthestandard.Ifthescientific/operationalbasisforthestandardisextensive,anASBTechnicalReport(TR)containingthatinformationshallbereferencedinthisAnnex.

ThelastannexcontainstheBibliography.TheBibliographyshallbeinformative(i.e.,thedocumentslistedarenotincludedinSection2oftheStandard).

4 FiguresandTables

Figuresandtablesshallbecalledoutinthedocumentandshouldbelocatedasclosetothecalloutaspossible.Figuresandtablesshallbedesignated“Table”or“Figure”andnumberedconsecutivelywithArabicnumerals,beginningwith1(e.g.,Table1,Table2,Figure1,Figure2).

Figureandtablesincludedinannexesshallincludetheidentifyingletteroftheannexinwhichtheyappear(e.g.,FigureA.1,TableB.1).

Figuresandtablesshallnotcontainrequirements.

5 DocumentLayoutforTechnicalReports

ATechnicalReportdiffersfromastandardinthatitdoesnotrequireanything.Itisexplanatory.ATechnicalReportmaybeusedtodescribethescientificandoperationalunderpinningsofaStandard.Thegeneraloutlineisthesame,butsinceaTechnicalReportdoesnothaverequirementsinit,therearenoNormativeReferences.ThecontentoftheTechnicalDiscussionsectionmaybe

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organizedinamannerbestsuitedtothesubjectmatterunderdiscussion.ReferencesareinformationalandappearinaBibliography.

ThegeneraloutlineforanASBTechnicalReportis:

Coverpage

Titlepage

Foreword(describeshowtheTRoriginatedandanyrevisionstoit.ItshouldalsostateifthisTRprovidesthetechnicalandoperationalfoundationforastandard)

Acknowledgements

TableofContents

Scope(describeswhoisthetargetaudienceandwhattheTRcovers)

TermsandDefinitions

TechnicalDiscussion

Annexes

LastannexistheBibliography

6 DocumentLayoutforBestPracticeRecommendations

ABestPracticeRecommendationisbasedupontheconceptof‘should’asopposedto‘shall’.Itprovidesguidance.Althoughitisnotrequired,itisstillhighlyrecommendedthatasectionbeincludedaddressingthetechnicalandoperationalrationaleforspecificrecommendations.

ThegeneraloutlineforaBestPracticeRecommendationis:

Coverpage

Titlepage

Foreword(describeshowtheBPRoriginatedandanyrevisionstoit.)

Acknowledgements

TableofContents

Scope(describeswhoisthetargetaudienceandwhattheBPRcovers)

TermsandDefinitions

Recommendations

Annexes

LastannexistheBibliography

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AnnexA(informative)

ExpressionofProvisions

A.1 Requirements

TableA.1summarizestheverbalformsofexpressionthatshallbeusedtoindicaterequirementstobefollowedinordertoconformtothedocumentandfromwhichnodeviationispermitted.

TableA.1—VerbalFormstoExpressRequirements

VerbalForm EquivalentExpressionsforUseinExceptionalCasesa

shallb istoisrequiredtoitisrequiredthathastoonly...ispermitteditisnecessary

shallnot isnotallowed(permitted)(acceptable)(permissible)isrequiredtobenotisrequiredthat...benotisnottobe

NOTE1Donotuse“may”when“can”ismeant.NOTE2Donotuse“maynot”when“shallnot”ismeant.NOTE3SeeISO/IECDirectives,Part2,AnnexGfornegativesoftheseverbalformsandfurtherexplanation.

aTheequivalentexpressionsgiventhesecondcolumnshallbeusedonlyinexceptionalcaseswhentheformgiveninthefirstcolumncannotbeusedforlinguisticreasons.bDonotuse“must”asanalternativefor“shall”(thiswillavoidanyconfusionbetweentherequirementsofadocumentandjurisdictionalregulatoryobligations).

Avoidusingvagueexpressionsthatarenottrulyinformativeandmightcausethereadertomakeanincorrect judgment call. Words like “very,” “all,” “every,” “never,” “excessive,” “slightly,”“approximately,”“nearly,”or“significant”arenotuseful.

A.2 Recommendations

TableA.2summarizestheverbalformsthatshallbeusedtoindicate:

a) that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, withoutmentioningorexcludingtheothers;

b) orthatacertaincourseofactionispreferredbutnotnecessarilyrequired;

c) or that (in thenegative form)a certainpossibilityor courseof action is discouragedbutnotprohibited.

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TableA.2—VerbalFormstoExpressRecommendations


should itisrecommendedthatoughtto

shouldnot itisnotrecommendedthatoughtnottoaTheequivalentexpressionsgiventhesecondcolumnshallbeusedonlyinexceptionalcaseswhentheformgiveninthefirstcolumncannotbeusedforlinguisticreasons.

A.3 Permission

TableA.3summarizestheverbalformsthatshallbeusedtoindicateacourseofactionpermissiblewithinthelimitsofthedocument.

TableA.3—VerbalFormstoExpressPermission


may ispermittedtoisallowedispermissible

neednot itisnotrequiredthatno...isrequired

Donotuse“possible”or“impossible”inthiscontext.Donotuse“can”insteadof“may”inthiscontext.

NOTE“May”signifiespermissionexpressedbythedocument,whereas“can”referstotheabilityofauserofthedocumentortoapossibilityopentohim/her.aTheequivalentexpressionsgiventhesecondcolumnshallbeusedonlyinexceptionalcaseswhentheformgiveninthefirstcolumncannotbeusedforlinguisticreasons.

A.4 PossibilityandCapability

TableA.4summarizestheverbalformsthatshallbeusedforstatementsofpossibilityandcapability,whethermaterial,physical,orcausal.

TableA.4—VerbalFormstoExpressPossibilityandCapability


can beabletothereisapossibilityofitispossibleto

cannot beunabletothereisnopossibilityofitisnotpossibleto

NOTESeeNoteinTableA.3.aTheequivalentexpressionsgiventhesecondcolumnshallbeusedonlyinexceptionalcaseswhentheformgiveninthefirstcolumncannotbeusedforlinguisticreasons.

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AnnexB(normative)

PatentsandCopyrights

B.1 General

Participantsshallnotprovideanydocuments,data,orinformationiftheuseofsuchmaterialbytheASBinadocumentwouldinfringeupontherightsofanythirdpartiesintheinformationincluding,butnotlimitedto,copyrights,patents,tradesecrets,trademarks,publicity,andprivacy.ParticipantsshallnotifyASBstaffifaparticipantdeterminesthatanyinformationthatiscontainedinafinalordraftdocumentwouldviolatetherightsofthirdpartiesifpublishedbytheASB.

B.2 Patents

TheASBcomplieswiththePatentPolicyintheANSIEssentialRequirements‐2016.ThesubsectionsofSectionB.2aremodifiedfromthisdocumenttoreferspecificallytotheASB.

B.2.1InclusionofPatentsinAmericanNationalStandards

ThereisnoobjectioninprincipletodraftinganAmericanNationalStandard(ANS)intermsthat include the use of an essential patent claim (one whose use would be required forcompliancewiththatstandard)ifitisconsideredthattechnicalreasonsjustifythisapproach.

ParticipantsinANSI/ASBstandardsdevelopmentprocessareencouragedtobringpatentswithclaimsbelievedtobeessentialtotheattentionoftheASB.

IfASBreceivesanoticethataproposedANSoranapprovedANSmayrequiretheuseofsuchapatentclaim,thefollowingproceduresshallbefollowed.

B.2.2Statementfrompatentholder

TheASBshallreceivefromthepatentholderorapartyauthorizedtomakeassurancesonitsbehalf,inwrittenorelectronicform,either:

a) assuranceintheformofageneraldisclaimertotheeffectthatsuchpartydoesnotholdanddoesnotcurrentlyintendholdinganyessentialpatentclaim(s);or

b) assurance that a license to such essential patent claim(s) will be made available toapplicantsdesiringtoutilizethelicenseforthepurposeofimplementingthestandardeither:

i) under reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfairdiscrimination;or

ii) without compensation and under reasonable terms and conditions that aredemonstrablyfreeofanyunfairdiscrimination.

Such assurance shall indicate that the patent holder (or third party authorized to makeassurancesonitsbehalf)will includeinanydocumentstransferringownershipofpatents

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subject to the assurance, provisions sufficient to ensure that he commitments in theassurance are binding on the transferee, and that the transferee will similarly includeappropriate provisions in the event of future transfers with the goal of binding eachsuccessor‐in‐interest.

Theassuranceshallalsoindicatethatitisintendedtobebindingonsuccessors‐in‐interestregardlessofwhethersuchprovisionsareincludedintherelevanttransferdocuments.

B.2.3Recordofstatement

Arecordofthepatentholder’sstatementshallberetainedinthefilesofboththeASBandANSI.

B.2.3Notice

When theASBreceives fromapatentholder theassurance set forth inB.2.2.babove, thestandardshallincludeanotesubstantiallyasfollows:

NOTE–Theuser’sattentioniscalledtothepossibilitythatcompliancewiththisstandardmayrequireuseofaninventioncoveredbypatentrights.

Bypublicationofthisstandard,nopositionistakenwithrespecttothevalidityofanysuchclaim(s)orofanypatentrightsinconnectiontherewith.Ifapatentholderhasfileda statement of willingness to grant a license under these rights on reasonable andnondiscriminatorytermsandconditionstoapplicantsdesiringtoobtainsuchalicense,thendetailsmaybeobtainedfromthestandardsdeveloper.

3.1.4Responsibilityforidentifyingpatents

NeithertheASBnorANSIisresponsibleforidentifyingpatentsforwhichalicensemayberequiredbyanAmericanNationalStandardorforconductinginquiriesintothelegalvalidityorscopeofthosepatentsthatarebroughttotheirattention.

B.3 Copyrights

All ASB documents are protected by a variety of federal and state copyright laws, the followingdisclaimershallappearonallASBpublishedanddraftdocuments:

Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor

mechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingontheinternetoronanintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromtheAAFSStandardsBoard,AmericanAcademyofForensicSciences,410North21stStreet,ColoradoSprings,CO80904,asb.aafs.org.

Copyright©AAFSStandardsBoard[year]

Unless expressly agreed otherwise by the ASB, allmaterial and information that is provided byparticipantsandisincorporatedintoanASBdocumentisconsideredthesoleandexclusivepropertyoftheAAFSStandardsBoard.

IndividualsshallnotcopyordistributefinalordraftdocumentswithouttheauthorizationoftheASBstaff.

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AnnexC(informative)

Numbers,UnitsofMeasurement,andEquations

C.1 UseofNumbers

Thefollowingaregeneralguidelinesfortheuseofnumbersintext.

Spell out numbers that are less than 10, not precise measurements, and not grouped withnumbersover10(eighttrials,FirstEdition).

Usenumeralsfornumbers10andabove,ornumbersunder10groupedwithnumbers10andabove(e.g.,from6to12cupsofwater,20thEdition).

Usenumeralsforexactstatisticalmeasures,scores,samplesizes,andsums(multipliedby3,or5%ofthesample).

UsecombinationsofwrittenandArabicnumeralsforback‐to‐backnumbers(five4‐pointscales).

Usecombinationsofnumeralsandwrittennumbersforlargesums(over6millionpeople).

Useacommainnumbersthatare≥10,000(7000items,11,200units).

Usethepercentsymbol(%)onlywithfigures(6%),notwithwrittennumbers(sixpercent).

Donotuseperiodswithinmeasurements(lb,ft,s)exceptinches(in.).

C.2 UnitsofMeasurement

InrecognitionofbroaduseandapplicabilityofASBstandards,measuredandcalculatedvaluesmaybeexpressed inmetricunits(SI)andU.S.customaryunits(USC).Whencitingunits indualunits,eitherunitmaybelistedfirstwiththecorrespondingunitlistedeitherinparenthesesinthetextoron separate, tables, figures, datasheets or in separate annexes. Units shall be listed consistentlywithinadocument.

C.3 Equations

Equationsshouldbenumberedwhentwoormoreareincludedinthemaintextofthedocument.DesignateequationswithconsecutiveArabicnumbersbeginningwith1.Numbereachequationintheorderthatitappearsinthestandard,regardlessofthesectionnumberinwhichitisreferenced.Designateequationsinannexesbythedesignationoftheannexfollowedbyconsecutivenumbersbeginningwith1(forexample,A.1,B.4).

Theformatforanumberedequationis:

(1)

where:

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S =stress,psiorPa,

M =bendingmoment,lbf•in.orN•m,

c =distancefromneutralaxistooutermostfiber,in.,orm,and

I =secondmomentofarea,in.4orm4.

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AnnexD(informative)

SampleFormatforanASBDocument

1 Scope

ThisManualwasdevelopedtoprovideguidanceforpreparingdocumentsthatwillbepublishedbytheAcademyStandardsBoard(ASB)andsubmittedtotheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI).

2 NormativeReferences

Thefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.

ANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐20035

HowtoWriteStandards,InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)6

ANSI/SES1:2013,RecommendedPracticefortheDesignationandOrganizationofStandards,TheSocietyforStandardsProfessionals(SES)7

3 TermsandDefinitions

Forpurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingdefinitionsandacronymsapply.

3.1termDefinition.

3.2termacronymDefinition.

4 Level1Heading[Cambriafont,12pt,bold,12ptspacebelow]

4.1 Level2additionalHeading[Cambriafont,11pt,bold,12ptspacebelow]

Documenttext[Cambriafont,11pt,12ptspacebelow].

5TheANSIStyleGuide‐Sheet‐2003isavailableforfreeathttp://publicaa.ansi.org/sites/apdl/Documents/Standards%20Activities/American%20National%20Standards/Procedures,%20Guides,%20and%20Forms/New%20ANSI%20Style%20Guidesheet%202.docv6HowtoWriteStandardsisavailableforfreeatwww.iso.org/iso/how‐to‐write‐standards.pdf7ANSI/SES1:2013,RecommendedPracticefortheDesignationandOrganizationofStandardsisavailableforafeeatwww.ses‐standards.org

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a) Firstleveloflistsarealphabetical,consistentfontwithtextleadingintothelist.

b) Listsarealsoseparatedbya12ptspacebeloweachitem.

i) SecondleveloflistsareRomannumerals,fontandspacingconsistentwiththelead‐inlist.

NOTE[Cambriafont,10pt]

EXAMPLE[Cambriafont,11pt].

CAUTION[Cambriafont,11pt,bold].

5 Tables

Tablesshallbecalledoutinthetext,andshallbenumberedsequentiallythroughthedocument.Tablesinannexesshallbenumberedsequentiallythrougheachannexwiththeannexletterastheprefixtothetablenumber.

Table1–TableTitle[Cambriafont,11pt,bold,centered,abovethetable]

TableHeaderRow [Cambriafont,10pt,bold]

Tablecontent [Cambriafont,10pt,centeredifappropriate,alltablecontenthas2

ptaboveandbelow]

Tablenotesorfootnotes[Cambriafont,9pt]

6 Figures

Figuresshallbecalledoutinthetext,andshallbenumberedsequentiallythroughthedocument.Figuresinannexesshallbenumberedsequentiallythrougheachannexwiththeannexletterastheprefixtothefigurenumber.

Figure1–FigureTitle[Cambriafont,11pt,bold,centered,belowthefigure]

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7 Annexes

Annexesshallalwaysstartatthetopofanewpageandshallbecalledoutinthemainbodyofthedocument.

AnnexX[Cambriafont,14pt,bold,centered,nospacebelow]

(informativeornormative)[Cambriafont,14pt,centered,12ptbelow]

AnnexTitle[Cambriafont,14pt,bold,centered,12ptbelow]

X.1 Level1AnnexHeader[Cambriafont,12pt,bold,12ptbelow]

X.1.2 Level2AnnexadditionalHeading[Cambriafont,11pt,bold,12ptspacebelow]

Annextext[Cambriafont,11pt,12ptspacebelow].

8 Bibliography

ThelastannexcontainstheBibliography.TheBibliographyshallbeinformative(i.e.,thedocumentslistedarenotincludedinSection2,NormativeReferences,oftheStandard).

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AnnexE(informative)

Bibliography

1] ASTMInternational,FormandStyleforASTMStandards,January20158

2] IEEEStandardsAssociation,2014IEEE‐SAStandardsStyleManua9

3] ISO/IECDirectives,Part2,RulesforthestructureanddraftingofInternationalStandards,201110

4] NFPA,ManualofStyleforNFPATechnicalCommitteeDocuments,July200411

8ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428‐29599IEEE,3ParkAvenue,17thFloor,NewYork,NY,10016‐599710InternationalOrganizationforStandardization,1,ch.delaVoie‐Creuse,Casepostale56,CH‐1211Geneva2011NationalFireProtectionAssociation,1BatterymarchPark,Quincy,MA02169‐7471

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Suite106‐310Washington,DC20016‐2143

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