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Life cycle assessment, a guided tour
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Asfalt Symposium 2019 - Research meets Industry
Matti Buyle
Introduction
Some first thoughts
Energy efficient products are sustainable!
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
?
Introduction
Some first thoughts
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Recycling materials is the way to go to reduce environmental impacts!?
Introduction
System thinking!
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Raw materials
Production
Construction
Use
End-of-life
Introduction
LCA is easy!
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Red is great!(But purple is ok too)(In any case DON’T go green!!)
Imp
act
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Raw materials
Production
Construction
Use
End-of-life
Introduction
Too bad… LCA is not easy!
Methodology
General framework
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Goal & scope definition
Life cycle inventory (LCI)
Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA)
Inte
rpre
tati
on
LCA framework (ISO 14040/44)
Methodology
1. Goal & scope definition
Scope:qualitative and quantitative information denoting what is included in the study
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Goal: intended application, reasons for the study, target audience, and the comparative results disclosed to public?
Functional unit:should quantify the function in a way that makes it possible to relate it to the relevant inputs and output
Methodology
1. Goal & scope definition
Nuclear power plants:Nuclear fuel, infrastructure, waste-treatment, flexible production
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Wind turbines:Wind, infrastructure, non-flexible production
Coal power plants:Coal, infrastructure, flue gas purification, flexible production
Functional unit:1 kWh electricity production
Methodology
2. Life cycle inventory
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
… …Product/Process 1
Product/Process 2
Outputs: losses, waste, emissions, by-products
Product/Process 3
Define product system and process flow Inventory of inputs and outputs (data collection)
materials Production use End-of-life
Inputs: materials, energy, from nature, etc.
Methodology
3. Life cycle impact assessment
Midpoints:Links LCI results to relevant impact categories
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
LCI results per impact category
e.g. global warming potential, human
toxicity, land use, …
Category endpoints
Single score indicator
LCI results
e.g. human health, damage to ecosystems, resource depletion, …
e.g. monetization, weighted by experts, …
Endpoints:Groups and/or weights midpoints into general issues of concern or a single score
Modelling assumptions
LCA ≠ ‘one-size-fits-all’
Modelling assumptions need, tuned to research question
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
General framework allows flexible use
General frameworks and ready-to-use tools are easy, but think for yourself!
Modelling assumptions
Recycled content
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Primarymaterials
Production use Disposal
Recycling
Recycledmaterials
Cut-off
Recycled content
Pri
m.
Sec.
Pri
m.
Sec.
Pri
m.
Sec.
Pri
m.
Sec. Life cycle phase
Environmental impact
Tota
l Pri
m.
Tota
l Sec
.
No
-rec
.
No
-rec
.
No
-rec
.
No
-rec
.
Tota
l no
-rec
.
Modelling assumptions
Recycling potential
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Primarymaterials
Production use Disposal
Recycling
Avoidedproducts
Recycling potential
Expanding system boundary
do
wn
cycl
ing
Reu
se Life cycle phase
do
wn
cycl
ing
Reu
se
do
wn
cycl
ing
Reu
se
do
wn
cycl
ing
Reu
se
Environmental impact
do
wn
cycl
ing
Reu
se
LCA, a guided tourMatti Buyle
Raw materials
Production
Construction
Use
End-of-life
Wrap up
LCA as a way to explore opportunities!
SSMARAGDTowards a sustainable selection model for the use of RAP in asphalt
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
Asfalt Symposium 2019 - Research meets Industry
Ben Moins
Introduction
The reduction of greenhouse gasses by 2030 & 2050
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
Data source: http://www.vlaamseklimaattop.be/verkennende-studie-2030-2050-VlaanderenSource: Cargill REjuveBIT test track 1
Total reduction of 24% by 2050
Total reduction of 49% by 2030 and 74% by 2050
Total reduction 39% by 2030 and 55% by 2050
Introduction
Some first thoughts
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
Using RAP is one of the solutions for lowering the environmental impact ! ?
Source: Cargill – REjuveBIT test track 1
Background
Current recycling process of RAP
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
(43%)
(1%)
(56%)
Source: OVAM MDO report 2015
End-of-life Waste processing IndustryTransport Recyclings rate
Mix A
Mix B
Mix C
Background
The environmental impact of the asphalt industry
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
Source: Anthonissen, J. (2017), Bituminous Pavements in Flanders: quantifiying the effect of
RAP on the environmental impact
10%
19%
15%
9% 2%
28%
4%
12% 1%
A case study (HMA): 4 cm of surface layer + 8 cm base layer (44% RAP)
85% 52%
17%
9%
7%
PhD research
Conclusions from background
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
Bitumen as a binder is lost in 44% of the cases during recycling
Transport & bitumen contribute 59% to the total environmental impact
Is an increase of RAP in asphalt the next logical step?
Recent research shows that RAP has no negative effect on the mechanical properties of asphalt
PhD research
Research questions
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
How to decide on strategies to valorize RAP in the most sustainable way?
Can we increase the recycling rate of RAP without having to comprise on the quality of the RAP/new mixtures ? ?What’s the environmental & financial impact of the current use of RAP in the asphalt industry ? ?
What’s the environmental & financial impact of an optimization of the use of RAP in the asphalt industry ? ?
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins 4 important pillars
PhD research
Monitoring Lab
PeopleComfort
Road usersWZ delays
Fuel consumptionAccidents
SafetyNoise
…
EnvironmentalimpactTransportation distanceRaw material productionEnergy productionProduction temperature
Planet
LCA
Design Monitoring
Lab Mechanicalperformance
RuttingRavelingStiffnessFatigue
Water sensitivity…
Financial impact Transportations costsRaw material costsAdditive costsEnergy cost
ProfitsLCC
Sustainableasphalt
pavements
Design of a sustainable decision model
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
PhD research
TT
Energy
Raw materials
RAP
Asphaltproduction
Pavementconstruction
Use stage + maintenance
Pavementdeconstruction
Waste
Recycling
T
T
T
T
T
Financial impactEnvironmental impact
Pavement impact
End goal: a fictive example
Sustainable asphalt pavementsBen Moins
x
x
x
1
2
3
Sustainable selection model
Impact
Impact
Impact
Impact
OutputInput
RAP
Information aboutupcomming
projects
PhD research
Time
Critical value
PSI
Time
Critical value
PSI
Time
Critical value
PSI
Thank you for the attention!
LCAMatti BuyleBen Moins
Questions ?
Discussion