Group Activity 4

1.0 Introduction

1.1 History of Toyota

Picture 1.0 Kiichiro Toyoda The Man behind the NameBorn in 1894, Kiichiro Toyoda was the son of famed inventor and entrepreneur Sakichi Toyoda, and the driving force behind the establishment of Toyota Motor Corporation. An engineering student at the University of Tokyo, he then travelled to England, where he worked at a leading manufacturer of textile machinery. Toyoda later went to the United States to study American manufacturing techniques. After returning to Japan and working at his father's loom-making business (Toyoda Industries Corporation) for a while, he began his research into automotives by first dismantling and reassembling an imported motorcycle.After his father's death, Toyoda purchased a new Chevrolet and brought in some of Japan's top engineers to disassemble and reassemble it. By 1934, Toyoda and his team had designed and built their first gasoline-powered engine, and convinced stockholders to fully fund his new division. In 1935 Toyoda built the prototype for the first car, combining Japanese components with American parts under a Chrysler body, in what was called a Model A1.By July 1935, Toyoda vehicles were manufactured. In1936, the spelling of the nameplate was altered from Toyoda to Toyota, as Toyoda himself believed the new name was easier to pronounce. The auto division gained success quickly, and was spun off as a separate business from that of his fathers.In 1937, the Toyota Motor Corporation was established, with Toyoda as Vice President. Four years later, Toyoda became president.1.2 History of Toyota Prius

Picture 1.1 History of Toyota PriusThe Toyota Prius, and hybrid cars in general, may seem like a fairly recent addition to the automotive landscape. In actuality, the Prius has been on sale for more than a decade and a half, and development of the vehicle started almost twenty years ago.In fact, the word Prius means before in Latin which, according to Toyota, is due the Prius being developed and introduced to the market long before environmental awareness and fuel economy became an integral part of our cultural landscape. As the price of gas started to climb rapidly in the middle of 2000s, and a cultural changing of the guard began as people began to question their need for a full sized Hummer to commute to and from work, the Prius suddenly became one of the most in-demand cars money could buy.Toyota has since expanded the Prius family to include 4 separate model variants of the hybrid, and is continually refining its hybrid technology to stay on the cutting edge. Lets take a closer look at the birth and development of the worlds first mass-produced gas-electric hybrid automobile.Debuting in concept form at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1995, the first generation Prius went on sale in Japan in December of 1997. With slow initial sales, it wouldnt be until several years later, as a 2001 model, that the Prius would become widely available in other regions of the world, as some retooling needed to be done in order to accommodate the driving demands of customers in countries like the US and Australia, where higher speeds and long distance driving is more common.For the 2004 model year, the Prius was completely redesigned as a 5-door hatchback/wagon vehicle. This design would go on to become the classic shape of the Prius. This redesign also included retooling the placement of mechanical elements of the hybrid system, allowing for both more rear legroom and cargo space, as well as reduced wind resistance, helping the second generation Prius achieve even better gas mileage that the previous generation vehicle. This more useful design would prove significantly more successful than its predecessor. However, it wasnt until the fuel price debacle of 2008 that the hybrid began to see broad popularity. With an EPA rated fuel economy average of 48mpg city, 45mpg highway, the Prius found sudden and widespread adoption by consumers looking for a way to protect themselves from the wildly fluctuating fuel prices and a general uncertainty about the future of fuel costs, and by May of 2008, Toyota announced that Prius had reached one million cumulative sales. By of September of 2010, that figure exceeded 2 million.Following the Priuss sudden success, Toyota expanded the Prius line to include 3 additional variants for the 2011 model year. The first of these models is the Prius Plugin Hybrid, which trumps the original Prius in terms of fuel economy by allowing the vehicle to be driven exclusively on electric power for approximately 15 miles per charge.The second new addition to the Prius family is the Prius V. The Prius V is a larger vehicle than the classic model, adopting a more wagon-like shape, resulting in more than 50% more interior space than the original Prius design.The third variant added to the Prius line up is the Prius C. Smaller than the classic Prius design in terms of both size and price, the Prius C, the EPA ranks the Prius as the most fuel efficient non-plugin vehicle available today.It appears that Toyotas foresight about the oncoming importance of fuel economy paid off, as the Prius continues to be the best-selling hybrid vehicle on the market today and with Toyotas numerous patented innovations in the realm of hybrid technology, that trend is likely to continue for the foreseeable future.

2.0 Objective

The objectives of this task are :2.1 To ease the passenger with the large volume of space at the rear bonnet car.2.2 To find out the satisfaction of driving the car2.3 To observe the lack of the car either from the feasibility or its design.

3.0 Scope and Limitation

3.1 The focus is at the interior and exterior design3.2 Based on the needs of consumers of the car amenities3.3 Involving modification, magnification and rearrange to solve the problem

4.0 Problem Element

Below are the technical specifications of the car before the problem elements are identifying.

4.1 Technical Specification of the Prius

Figure 4.1 The dimension of Prius

1. Dimension

1.1 External dimensions

Length:4480 mm

Width :1745 mm

Height :1505 mm

Wheelbase :2700 mm

2. Weights And CapacitiesNote: Kerb, tare & payload weights are nominal and will vary depending on options and tray/body type. Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) is the total permissible combined weight of the vehicle, including occupants, fuel and cargo.2.1 Weights

Kerb weight :1425 kg

Gross Vehicle Mass:1805 kg

2.2 Seating

Seating capacity : 5

2.3 Cargo area dimensions

Cargo area loadspace volume (L) : 4452.4 Fuel tank main

Capacity (L) : 45 Fuel type : Premium unleaded

3. Engine

3.1 Engine

Engine type : Petrol Engine code : 2ZR-FXE Capacity (cc) : 1798 Engine description :Four cylinders, in-line, Atkinson cycle, chain driven DOHC , four valves per cylinder with variable valve timing, aluminium block and cross flow-head with compact permanent-magnet electric motor and separate generator.* DOHC operate the engines valves in a precise and controlled way. This helps increase power and efficiency. Number of cylinders : 4 Configuration : In-line Head composition : Light alloy Variable valve timing : Standard Variable valve timing type : VVT-i Valve gear type : DOHC Number of valves per cylinder : 4

3.2 Fuel Fuel type : Petrol/electric Fuel type octane no. : 95 Minimum fuel octane number : 95

3.3 Power Maximum power kW : 1003.4 Secondary engine power Maximum power Kw73

3.5 Hybrid Systems Hybrid TypeSeries : parallel Hybrid - max system output : 1003.6 Fuel system Injection type : Multi-point injection Ignition type : Full mgmt ctrl

3.7 Fuel consumption - ADR 81/02 Fuel consumption - combined (L/100km) : 3.9 Fuel consumption - urban (L/100km) : 3.9 Fuel consumption - extra urban (L/100km) : 3.7Note: Fuel consumption will vary depending on driving conditions/style, vehicle conditions and options/accessories3.8 Emission control level Combined co2 g/km : 89 Australia - greenhouse rating : 9 Australia - air pollution rating : 8.5

4. Drivetrain

4.1 Drive Driven wheels : Front4.2 Transmission Transmission type : Automatic Number of gears : Variable Transmission description : Continuously Variable Transmission*Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) is a highly efficient transmission which has infinite gear ratios. It uses cones and pulleys to make continuous, seamless adjustments so that ideal gear ratio is used at all times. Further benefits are a smoother and more efficient transmission.

5. STEERING

5.1 Steering Type : Rack & Pinion*Rack and Pinion item is a rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convent rotational motion into linear motion. A circular gear called the pinion engages teeth on a linear gear bar called the rack, rotational motion applied to the pinion causes the rack to move, thereby translating the rotational motion of the pinion into the linear motion of the rack.

6. Brakes

6.1 Disc brakes Number of disc brakes : 4 Number of ventilated disc brakes : 2 Front brake rotor size (mm) : 255 x 25 Rear brake rotor size (mm) : 259 x 9

7. Suspension

7.1 Suspension front Suspension description :Independent, MacPherson struts, lower L-arms, coil springs and ball-joint mounted anti-roll bar. Suspension type : Strut7.2 Suspension rear Suspension description : Semi independent, torsion beam with trailing arms, strut-type coil springs and gas damper units. Suspension type : Torsion beam

8. Tyres And Rims

8.1 Tyres front Tyre width (mm) : 215 Tyre profile : 45 Tyre rating : W

8.2 Tyres rear Tyre width (mm) : 215 Tyre profile : 45 Tyre rating : W

8.3 Wheels front Rim type : Alloy Rim diameter (inch) : 17 Rim width (inch) : 7

8.4 Wheels rear Rim type : Alloy Rim diameter (inch) : 17 Rim width (inch) : 7

8.5 Tyre kit : Standard

9. Warranty / Service*New Vehicle Warranty expires 3 years from date of first delivery or 100,000 kms, whichever occurs first. Refer to the warranty conditions. The New Vehicle Warranty does not limit and may not necessarily exceed your rights under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.

9.1 Warranty whole vehicle Duration (months) : 36 Distance (km) : 100000

9.2 Warranty paint Duration (months) : 36

9.3 Warranty anti-corrosion Duration (months) : 60

10. Exterior

10.1 Bumpers front Colour of bumpers : Body colour

10.2 Bumpers rear Colour of bumpers : Body colour

10.3 Headlights Lens type : Complex surface Headlight bulb type : LED 10.4 Spoiler - boot/hatch : Standard

10.5 Exterior door handles Exterior door handles colour : Body colour

10.6 Paint Paint type : Gloss

11. Interior Trim And Seating

11.1 Seat upholstery Leather accented interior : Standard

11.2 Floor covering Floor covering in cabin : Textile

11.3 Grab handles Number of grab handles : 4

11.4 Front seat driver Front seat type: Bucket Slide adjustment: Standard Slide adjustment type: Electric Recline adjustment: Standard Recline adjustment type: Electric Height adjustment: Standard Height adjustment type: Electric Lumbar adjustment: Standard Lumbar adjustment type: Electric

11.5 Front seat passenger Front seat type: Bucket Slide adjustment: Standard Slide adjustment type: Manual Recline adjustment: Standard Recline adjustment type: Manual

11.6 Rear seats - front facing Folding rear seat back: 40/60

11.7 Head restraints - front seats Number of headrests: 2

11.8 Head restraints - rear seats Number of headrests: 3

12. Features

12.1 Air conditioning Climate control: Standard Rear air outlet: Standard Climate control number of zones: 1

12.2 Ventilation system Digital controls : Standard

12.3 Moonroof front Moonroof type: Glass Moonroof operation: Electric

12.4 Power windows front: Standard

12.5 Power windows rear: Standard

12.6 Vanity mirror - driver's side Illuminated vanity mirror: Standard

12.7 Vanity mirror - passenger's side Illuminated vanity mirror: Standard

13. Instrument And Control

13.1 Power steering Power steering type: Electric

13.2 Steering wheel Steering wheel type: Premium Tilting adjustment: Standard Telescopic/reach adjustment: Standard

13.3 Cruise Control Standard Trip computer: Standard

13.4 Door mirrors - driver's side Exterior mirror adjustment type: Electrically adjustable Exterior mirror colour: Body colour

13.5 Door mirrors - passenger's side Exterior mirror adjustment type: Electrically adjustable Exterior mirror colour: Body colour

13.6 Rear view mirror Automatic dimming rear view mirror: Standard

13.7 Windscreen wipers Intermittent windscreen wipers: Variable

13.8 Rear window Rear window wipers: Intermittent

13.9 Headlight control Dusk sensor: Standard Main dashboard display: Full Digital Gear position indicator in dash: Standard Low fuel level warning: Standard Parking distance system type: Reverse Camera

14. Storage

14.1 Glovebox Illuminated glovebox: Standard14.2 Console floor Console type: Full14.3 Seat back storage - behind front seat(s) Seat back storage type: Pocket14.4 Beverage holders - front seats Number of cup holders: 2 Number of bottle holder/s: 214.5 Beverage holders - rear seats Number of cup holders: 2

15. Lighting

15.1 Courtesy (dome) lights In footwell: Standard Delayed/fade: Standard Map lights front: Standard Cargo light: Standard

16. Sound System

16.1 Audio system Audio includes radio: AM & FM Audio includes single CD: Standard MP3 compatibility Standard

16.2 Speakers Number of speakers: 816.3 Remote audio controls Remote audio controls type: Steering wheel mounted

17. Vehicle Communications

17.1 Power accessory socket front: Standard

17.2 Mobile phone additions Wireless connection: Bluetooth

17.3 Satellite Navigation System ControlsTouch screen

18. Safety

18.1 Anti-Skid Brakes (ABS) - All wheels : Standard 18.2 Electronic Brake Distribution ( EBD ) : Standard18.3 Brake Assist (BA) : Standard18.4 Traction Control (TRC) : Standard18.5 Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) : Standard Front airbag driver: Standard Front airbag passenger: Standard Side airbag - front seats: Standard Side curtain airbag - front and rear: Standard Knee airbag - driver's side: Standard

18.6 Front seat belts driver Pre-tensioner seatbelts: Standard Front seat belts force limiter: Standard Height adjustable seatbelts: Standard

18.7 Front seat belts passenger Pre-tensioner seatbelts: Standard Front seat belts force limiter: Standard Height adjustable seatbelts: Standard

18.8 Rear seat belts centre Seatbelt type: 3-point

18.9 Rear seat belts - driver's side Seatbelt type: 3-point Rear seat belts - passenger's side Seatbelt type: 3-point

19. Security

19.1 Immobiliser: Standard

19.2 Central door locking

Central door locking operation: Remote Cargo area cover: Standard Remote fuel flap release: Standard

4.2 Problem element

The problem element that had identified were based on :4.2.1 Interior

i. The volume of space of the rear bonnet is not quit enough if the rear seat is not fold down.ii. Battery replacement schedules are unknown The panic about failing battery packs in hybrid cars is completely unwarranted, but there are some caveats associated with the lifespan of current energy storage systems in hybrid vehicles. The initial analysis is quite encouraging, with older Prius models providing nearly identical fuel mileage a decade or more after their construction. That being said, the Toyota Prius is but one player on the hybrid stage, and automakers make use of panoply of battery suppliers, charging systems, and software management systems. This doesn't mean that hybrid batteries are going to start dropping like flies after 100,000 miles of use - far from it, with many manufacturers providing extensive warranties that will last for past the initial ownership period of an automobile. However, that the industry's collective experience with hybrid battery reliability is limited, and it's difficult to project the future performance of various battery systems based solely on the information that has been gathered so far.

4.2.2 Exterior

i. There is no feasibility of auto sliding sun roof. Since the car is environment friendly with the zero emission, it also should provide the sliding roof because it can reduce the use of air conditioner and helps to give neutral ventilation besides it can show more attractive design.

5.0 Solution

There are several way to solve the problems such as :

i. Modify

Problem: The volume of space of the rear bonnet is not quit enough if there are passenger at the rear seat, the seat will cant be fold down.Solution: Modify the car by extend its length. The reasons to extend it because to give more space to keep more luggage or item without folding the seat. Figure 5.1 show how to change it space.

ii. Modify

Problem: Battery replacement schedules are unknown

Solution : Our hybrid batteries come with a warranty period of 8 years or 160,000km (whichever comes first). The hybrid battery is a pretty substantial piece of kit, generating and sustaining sufficient voltage to power a car in low speed situations, without any support from the petrol engine. As you drive, you automatically recharge the hybrid battery when you brake or slow down - one reason why you never have to plug into the mains for a re-charge. While the production of powerful hybrid batteries has a small, additional impact on the environment, testing has shown that this is more than compensated for by the environmental benefits of driving a Toyota hybrid car. Add to this, the long battery life expectancy and our commitment to recycling (arranged through a Toyota dealership at no cost to owners), and you can see why our hybrid cars have earned worldwide recognition as efficient vehicles.

iii. Magnify

Problem : No sun roof provided

Solution : Add sliding sun roof. There are various type of sunroofs. For this car, we choose inbuilt sunroof systems. The Inbuiltsunroof systems have a panel which slides between the metal roof and interior headliner, requiring some loss of headroom but providing a full opening in the roof. All inbuilts slide inside the roof, while some also include a rear venting feature (see pop-up), and/or express open/close functions. Historically, inbuilts were a metal sunroof panel painted to match the vehicle roof, but now most are glass-panel systems with sliding sunshades (typically referred to as moonroofs). The reasons are to let sun shine in and also to reduce the consumption of air conditioning. Besides, it will give the design look more stylish, attractive, modern, and sportive and can be environmental friendly instead of gives more fun to consumer.

6.0 Discussion

6.1 Procs

Rear sit will did not have to fold down the sit to have more space to keep the goods and the rear passenger will more comfortable as they can keep their goods safely. The users can know when the can make the battery replacement and confidently to drive it safely. The users also will have more fun for having air freshly, a direct sun shine besides the sporty look of the design.

6.2 Cons

To build the car for make it longer to having more space at the rear bonnet will need a high cost There will need to find an expert to design the life expectancy of the battery. Sometimes, the sun roof able to jammed and will cause it can be close or open. Assume, when there is a raining day and the sun roof could not be close.

7.0 Conclusion

A Toyota Prius is a hybrid car as well-known as the fuel economic car, environment friendly car, and as an exclusive car. However, it is also have some lack besides of many advantages. Therefore, there are some improvements as to make the users more comfort, adore and confidently to drive of it.

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