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ASHRAE Standards and LEED V4 Update

Chris Leung

28 June 2016

• Biography

• Overview

• ASHRAE Standards

– ASHRAE 62.1-2010

– ASHRAE 55-2010

• LEED v4

– EQ Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

– EQ Credit Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies

– EQ Credit Thermal Comfort

Agenda

• Ir. Chris Leung

– Assocaite at Cundall

– MASc. P.Eng - APEGBC, P.Eng-PEO, MHKIE, MASHRAE

E: c.leung@cundall.com

T: +852 2566 6260

Biography

LEED v4 System Goals

Overview

• It’s more stringent than V3

• It’s used in more than 135 Countries

• It has regional credits

• It has more changes to the EA section than any other section

• Updated reference standards

• All new projects must register under V4 after 31st October

What’s new in LEED v4

Overview of ASHREA Standards

• Purpose: Standard For Ventilation And Indoor Air Quality (particularly section 4-7)

• Relevant Credits:

– EQ Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

– EQ Credit Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies

ASHREA 62.1-2010

ASHREA 62.1-2010

2007 2010

Optional Procedures

- Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP)

- IAQ Procedure

- Ventilation Rate Procedure

- IAQ Procedure

- Natural Ventilation Procedure (6.1.3)*

Operation - Nil - Minimum operation requirements clarified

(8.3)

Ventilation Rate

Procedure

- No requirements of filter/air cleaner

related to PM2.5

- Adds minimum filtration requirements

related to PM2.5 (6.2.1.2 – MERV 11), and

- Change of minimum air cleaning

requirements related to ozone**

- Contains ventilation requirements for

health care spaces

- Deletes ventilation requirements for health

care spaces***

- Nil - New occupancy categories

- Revision of ventilation rates for a few

occupancy categories

Air Intake Minimum

Separation Distance

- Requirement for separation of OA

from EA and RA outlets is based on

description of the air quality

- Requirement for separation of OA from EA

and RA outlets is based on classes of air

defined in the standard (Table 5-1, updated)

Energy Efficiency- Nil - Adds requirements for application of

Demand Control Ventilation (6.2.7.1)

Exhaust ventilation

- Exhaust ventilation requirements

only apply to Ventilation Rate

Procedure

- Exhaust ventilation requirements (6.5) apply

to all zones or systems, regardless of the

design procedure used

ASHRAE 62.1-2010

Occupancy Category People Outdoor Air Rate (L/s*pp) Area Outdoor Air Rate (L/s*sq.m)

2007 2010 2007 2010

Kitchen (cooking) - 3.8 - 0.6

Breakrooms - 2.5 - 0.6

Banks or Bank Lobbies - 3.8 - 0.3

Sorting, Packing, Light Assembly - 3.8 - 0.6

General Manufacturing - 5.0 - 0.9

Storage Rooms for DryMaterials/Storage Rooms for Liquid Materials

-/- 2.5/2.5 0.6/0.6 0.3/0.6

Warehouses - 5.0 0.3 0.3

Shipping/Receiving - 5.0 0.6 0.6

Coin-operated laundries 3.8 3.8 0.3 0.6

CHECK ANY

CHANGES IN

AIR RATES

Change of procedure

• Ventilation Rate Procedure

• IAQ Procedure

• Natural Ventilation Procedure

• Thermal Comfort Factor

ASHREA 55-2010

Surface

Temperature

Air

Temperature

Humidity Air Movement Metabolic Rate &

Clothing

Controllability

Environmental Personal

ASHREA 55-2010

2004 2010

Humidity

Limits

- Limit the humidity ratio below 0.012 regardless the compliance method selected

- Humidity limit of 0.012 only applies to the Graphic Comfort Zone Method

Air Speed - Graphical method based on PMV-defined comfort zone to allow temperature increase with elevated air speed

- Additional alternatives (using SET to extend previous comfort zones) to determine the boundaries of comfort at air speeds above 0.15m/s

Local

Control

- Nil - Clarifies requirements for local control of air speed and provides an exception for spaces where only one control is required

• Removal of Fixed Humidity Ratio Limit (0.012) for Computer Model Method and Adaptive Method

ASHREA 55-2010

ASHRAE 55-2004

Higher humidity

levels are

allowed when

evaluated using

the Computer Model Method and no humidity

limit is imposed

on the Adaptive

Model

ASHRAE 55-2010

• Extended Acceptable Range of Operative Temperature and Air Speeds for the Comfort Zone

ASHREA 55-2010

ASHRAE 55-2010

ASHRAE 55-2010

• Effective Temperature (ET)

• Equivalence value based on Convective Heat Transfer and Evaporative Heat Transfer

• I.e. function of skin wetness, Air Temperature and Humidity

• Standard Effective Temperature (SET) is defined as the equivalent air temperature of an isothermal environment at 50%RH in which a subject, wearing clothing standardized for the activity concerned, has the same heat stress (skin temperature and thermoregulatory strain (skin wettedness) as in the actual environment.

• Operative Temperature (To)

• Equivalence value based on Radiant Heat Transfer and Convective Heat Transfer

• i.e. function of Mean Radiant Temperature, Air Temperature, and Air speed

• It is NOT an average of the Mean Radiant Temperature and Air Temperature

• Humid Operative Temperature (Toh) is the temperature of a uniform environment at 100% rh in which a person loses the same total amount of heat from the skin as in the actual environment. It is analogous to ET, except that it is defined at 100%RH and 0%RH rather than at 50%RH and so its value is different from ET

LEED v4

• Intent: To contribute to the comfort and well-being of building

occupants by establishing minimum standards for indoor air quality (IAQ)

• Requirements:– Ventilation

• Mechanically ventilated spaces

– ASHRAE ventilation rate procedure

– ID+C: Engineering Assessment and at least 5L/s/person if existing system can’t comply

• Naturally Ventilated spaces – ASHRAE natural ventilation procedure

– Monitoring (separate credit in v3)

• Mechanically ventilated spaces – monitor outdoor airflow rates and alarm if rates not met

• Naturally Ventilated spaces – monitor exhaust rates, make sure minimum opening requirements area is met, monitor CO2 in each thermal zone and alarm if ASHRAE 62.1-2010, Appendix C set points are not met

EQ Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

• Major Differences since v3– ASHRAE Standard 62.1 has been updated to version 2010 from

version 2007.

– Project teams are required to confirm the appropriate application of natural ventilation through CIBSE AM10, Figure 2.8 (flow chart).

– Projects outside the U.S. are now allowed to demonstrate achievement via CEN requirements (rather than ASHRAE 62.1–2010).

– This prerequisite now includes the monitoring requirements previously included in Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 1, Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring. Additionally, the monitoring requirements now distinguish between variable air volume and constant volume systems.

– This prerequisite now includes specific requirements for residential projects. These requirements are mostly taken from LEED for Homes, Indoor Environmental Quality Credit 2, Combustion Venting.

EQ Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

Check special requirements for your typology

• Required Documentation

EQ Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

• Differences since v3– Portions of IEQ Credit 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, IEQ Credit 2

Increased Ventilation, and IEQ Credit 5 Indoor Chemical and Pollutant

Source Control have been combined into a single credit

– Meeting the requirements of interior cross-contamination prevention no

longer requires a calculation of a minimum pressure differential. However, the

exhaust rates from the ventilation standard in EQ Prerequisite

– Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance must be used. For spaces that do

not have a requirement from this standard, a minimum exhaust rate of 0.5

cubic feet per minute per square foot (2.54 liters per second per square

meter) must be used

– Additional options regarding naturally ventilated spaces have been included.

– Additional guidance has been incorporated for warehouses, distribution

centers, health care facilities, data centers, and residential projects.

– An option for filtration media requirements, CEN Standard EN 779–2002,

Particulate Air Filters for General

– Ventilation, Determination of the Filtration Performance, has been added

EQ Credit Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies

• Required Documentation

EQ Credit Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies

• Intent: To promote occupant’s productivity, comfort, and well-being by providing quality thermal comfort

• Requirements

– Thermal comfort design

• ASHRAE STANDARD 55-2010 or ISO AND CEN STANDARDS

– Thermal comfort controls (separate credit in v3)

• Provide individual controls for at least 50% of individual occupant spaces, and group controls for multi-occupant spaces

• HEALTHCARE – Provide individual controls for every patient room and at last 50% of the remaining individual occupancy spaces, and group controls for multi-occupant spaces

EQ Credit Thermal Comfort

• Differences since v3

– This thermal comfort credit combines the LEED 2009

credits Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort (IEQ

Credit 6.2, IEQ Credit 6) and Thermal Comfort: Design

(IEQ Credit 7.1, IEQ Credit 7) into a single credit.

– The referenced standard has been updated to ASHRAE

55–2010.

– International standards have been included to provide

more relevant compliance options for non-U.S. projects.

– The requirements for natatoriums are now applicable to

all rating systems.

– New compliance paths have been established for data

centers and warehouses.

EQ Credit Thermal Comfort

• Required Documentation

EQ Credit Thermal Comfort

• Implication to design due to the new standard/version of LEED

– This is two combined credits, and you need to do both

parts to get 1 point.

– Much more difficult to achieve with the thermal comfort

controls requirements

• Implication to submission due to the new standard/changes

– More documentation required to achieve one point.

EQ Credit Thermal Comfort

• LEED key resources

General

LEED Checklist and Reference Guide (USGBC)

LEED credits forms (LEED online)

USGBC data base for credit interpretation, special ruling (USGBC)

LEED user

Industry Colleagues & Platinum Members

www.leedonline.org

http://www.usgbc.org/credits

www.leeduser.org

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