42

G

B

C

D

EF G

H

I

J

K

HI

Surabaya

HO CHI MINH CITY

CHONGQING

HangzhouSHANGHAI

HYDERABAD

KOLKATA

Chelyabinsk

Novosibirsk

Sapporo

Harbin

TIANJINOsaka

Kitakyushu

SHENYANG

Changchun

KARACHI

BANGALORE

MUMBAI

LAHORE

Chengdu

Nanjing

Wuhan

Perm

Medan

St Petersburg

GUANGZHOU

Yekaterinburg

Nizhny Novgorod

Samara

Qingdao

Alma-Ata

Pune

MOSCOW

Kazan

UfaSaratov

OmskAnkara

ISTANBULIzmir

Tbilisi

Baku

YerevanNicosia

BeirutDamascus

Amman

BAGHDAD TEHRAN

Mosul

BasraMeshed

Shiraz

Dammam

Manama

Dubai

Kabul

NEW DELHI

Hyderabad

MultanFaisalabad

GujranwalaRawalpindi

Peshawar

KochiCoimbatore

VijayawadaVishakhapatnam

Bhubaneswar

DACCA

Lucknow

Ahmadabad

Kanpur

Nagpur

AmritsarLudhiana

Meerut

Jaipur Agra

AllahabadVaranasi

Patna

Dhanbad

Asansol

JamshedpurJabalpur

Bhopal

IndoreVadodara

Surat

NasikKhulna

Yangon

Mandalay

Dushanbe

TashkentBishkek

TOKYONAGOYA

Hiroshima

Sendai

Fukuoka

Pyongyang

SEOUL

PusanBEIJING

Xi’an

Jinan

Dalian

Zhengzhou

Anshan

TAIPEITAIPEITaichung

Kaohsiung

Hanoi

BANGKOK

Singapore

JAKARTABandung

Ujung Pandang

Semarang

Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung

MANILA

Davao

CebuChennai

Madurai

Palembang

Rostov

Vladivostok

Jidda

Irkutsk

Tabriz

Esfahan

HONG KONG

Volgograd

Khabarovsk

Riyadh

Colombo

Ulan Bator

Kuala Lumpur

Mecca

Jerusalem

Kuwait

Abu Dhabi

San’a

Aden

Islamabad

Ashkhabad

Astana

VientianeNaypyidaw

Jayapura

Banjarmasin

Phnom Penh

Kathmandu

Dili

Koror

Doha

MaleBandar Seri Begawan

Muscat

Thimphu

Point Baibung

GEORGIAARMENIA

AZERBAIJAN

IRAQ

SYRIAISRAEL

LEBANON

I R A N

K A Z A K H S T A N

UZBEKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

AFGHANISTANTADZHIKISTAN

KIRGIZIA

SAUDIARABIA

BAHRAINQATAR

KUWAIT

UNITED ARABEMIRATES

OMANYEMEN

PAKISTAN

I N D I A

NEPAL

SRILANKA

BHUTANBANGLADESH

MYANMAR

C H I N A

NORTHERNMARIANAS

M O N G O L I A

R U S S I A

NORTHKOREA

SOUTH

KOREA

TAIWAN

VIETNAM

LAOS

THAILAND

CAMBODIA

M A L A Y S I ABRUNEI

SINGAPORE

PALAU

SEYCHELLES

MALDIVES

AUSTRALIA

TURKEYCYPRUS

JORDAN

FRANCESWEDEN

NORWAY

UNITEDKINGDOM

ITALY

GERMANY

ROMANIA

UKRAINE

EASTTIMOR

PAPUANEW

GUINEA

EGYPT

E U R O P E

A F R I C A

Novaya Zemlya

Sakhalin

Hokkaido

LuzonHainan

Sumatra

Java BaliTimor

Seram

Borneo

Sulawesi

Halmahera

Saipan

AndamanIslands

Honshu

Shikoku

Kyushu

Yap

Socotra

Mindanao

New Guinea

Guam (U.S.A.)

1 : 42 000 000 — 1 centimetre on the map represents 420 kilometres on the ground.

0 500 1000 1500

Azimuthal Equal Area Projection

2000 km

N

Yaroslavl

Krasnodar

Izhevsk

Ul’yanovskTolyatti

Krasnoyarsk

Voronezh

Barnaul

Tomsk

20°E

40°E

60°E

80°E 100°E120°E

140°E

160°E

180°

120°E

Tropic of Cancer

Arctic Circle

Equator

0°

100°E

140°E

J

A

P

AN

I N D O N E SI

A

P HI

LI

PP

IN

ES

LakeBalkhash

LakeBaykal

Bay of Bengal

BALTIC SEA

A R C T I C O C E A N

EAST SIBERIAN SEA

ARAL SEA

LAPTEV SEAKARA SEA

BARENTS SEA

SEA OF JAPAN

YELLOWSEA

S E A

O F

O K H O T S K

S O U T H

C H I N A

S E A

ARAFURA SEA

JAVA SEA

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

B L AC K S E A

ME

DIT

ER

RA

NE

AN

SE

A

CA

SPIA

NSE

A

DR

ES

EA

I N D I A N O C E A N

A R A B I A N

S E A

Xi

River

River

River

Yangtze

Mekong

Ura

l

VolgaRiver

River

Yeni

sey

Riv

er

River

River

Lena

Irtysh

40°N60°N

40°N

80°N 80°N 60°N 45654

20°N

0°

80°E60°E

1

2

3

D E F

0°

20°N

2

3

1

164180

192

124

140

GeofactsLargest country: China 9 596 960 sq km (F3)

Smallest country: Maldives 300 sq km (E2)

Largest population: China 1 306 313 812 (F3)

Smallest population: Maldives 349 106 (E2)

Highest population density: Singapore 6830 people per sq km (G2)

Lowest population density: Mongolia 1.7 people per sq km (F4)

Richest country (GDP per capita): Japan US$39 195 (H3)

Poorest country (GDP per capita): Tadzhikistan US$226 (E3)

Amazing placesWalls of Jericho (C3)

Built around 8000 BC, Jericho is the oldest city in the world. A great wall surrounded the single-roomed houses of the city.

Tokyo (H3)

With a population of more than 28 million, Tokyo is the world’s largest metropolitan area. It has grown so large that it has merged with two other growing cities, Kawasaki and Yokohama, to form a megalopolis.

Taipei Financial Centre (H3)

Eight of the world’s ten tallest buildings are found in Asia. The tallest is the Taipei Financial Centre, a 509-metre skyscraper completed in Taiwan’s capital in 2004.

Borobudur (G1)

Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple complex in the world. The complex features 432 statues of Buddha and more than five

kilometres of wall carvings. It was built around AD 778–850.

Asia — human features

100 to 200

Under 1

1 000 000 to 5 000 000500 000 to 1 000 000

Over 5 000 000

People per square kilometre

20 to 99

1 to 19

Urban population

100 000 to 500 000

0 1000 2000 km

Shifting cultivation

Nomadic herding

Little or limited use

Subsistence crops andlivestock farming

Rice dominant

Grain farming

Commercial crops andlivestock farming

Specialised farming

Livestock farming

N

Yangon

1 000 000 to 5 000 000 people

500 000 to 1 000 000 people

100 000 to 500 000 people

Country border

Country name

Dependency

Major road

Major railway

River

Lake

Country capital

Over 5 000 000 people

Under 100 000 people

BEIJING

Agra

Jerusalem

Vientiane

Thimphu

IRAQ

Guam(U.S.A.)

Island

Ag

Ag

MolybdenumTitaniumVanadium

Silver

GoldChromiumCopperIron

ManganeseNickelPlatinumPhosphateLeadSulfur

TungstenZinc

MoAu

Cr

Cu

Fe

Ti

Mn

Ni

Pt

P

Pb

S

V

W

Zn

Coal field Oil and gas field

Mo

Mo

Mo

Mo

Au

Au

Au

AuAu

Au

Au

Au Au

Au

AuAu

Au

Au

Au

Au

CrCrCr

Cr

CrCr Cr

Cr

Cu

CuCu

CuCu

CuCu

Cu

Cu

Cu

Cu

Cu

CuCuCu

FeFe

FeFeFe

Fe

FeFeFe

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

Fe

FeFe

FeFe

Fe

Ti

TiTi

Ti

Ti

MnMn

Mn

Mn

Mn

NiNi

Ni

Ni

Ni

Ni PtPt

P

P P

P

PP

PP PP

P

Pb

PbPb

Pb

PbPb

PbPb PbSS

S

S S

S

W

WW

W

W

W

W

WW

W

W

Zn

Zn

ZnZn

ZnZn

Zn

ZnZn

Zn

Ni

Cu

Mo

V

P

W Au

Zn

AuCu

Ni

MoFe

MnCuCu Fe

ZnCr

Mn

42

G

B

C

D

EF G

H

I

J

K

HI

Surabaya

HO CHI MINH CITY

CHONGQING

HangzhouSHANGHAI

HYDERABAD

KOLKATA

Chelyabinsk

Novosibirsk

Sapporo

Harbin

TIANJINOsaka

Kitakyushu

SHENYANG

Changchun

KARACHI

BANGALORE

MUMBAI

LAHORE

Chengdu

Nanjing

Wuhan

Perm

Medan

St Petersburg

GUANGZHOU

Yekaterinburg

Nizhny Novgorod

Samara

Qingdao

Alma-Ata

Pune

MOSCOW

Kazan

UfaSaratov

OmskAnkara

ISTANBULIzmir

Tbilisi

Baku

YerevanNicosia

BeirutDamascus

Amman

BAGHDAD TEHRAN

Mosul

BasraMeshed

Shiraz

Dammam

Manama

Dubai

Kabul

NEW DELHI

Hyderabad

MultanFaisalabad

GujranwalaRawalpindi

Peshawar

KochiCoimbatore

VijayawadaVishakhapatnam

Bhubaneswar

DACCA

Lucknow

Ahmadabad

Kanpur

Nagpur

AmritsarLudhiana

Meerut

Jaipur Agra

AllahabadVaranasi

Patna

Dhanbad

Asansol

JamshedpurJabalpur

Bhopal

IndoreVadodara

Surat

NasikKhulna

Yangon

Mandalay

Dushanbe

TashkentBishkek

TOKYONAGOYA

Hiroshima

Sendai

Fukuoka

Pyongyang

SEOUL

PusanBEIJING

Xi’an

Jinan

Dalian

Zhengzhou

Anshan

TAIPEITAIPEITaichung

Kaohsiung

Hanoi

BANGKOK

Singapore

JAKARTABandung

Ujung Pandang

Semarang

Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung

MANILA

Davao

CebuChennai

Madurai

Palembang

Rostov

Vladivostok

Jidda

Irkutsk

Tabriz

Esfahan

HONG KONG

Volgograd

Khabarovsk

Riyadh

Colombo

Ulan Bator

Kuala Lumpur

Mecca

Jerusalem

Kuwait

Abu Dhabi

San’a

Aden

Islamabad

Ashkhabad

Astana

VientianeNaypyidaw

Jayapura

Banjarmasin

Phnom Penh

Kathmandu

Dili

Koror

Doha

MaleBandar Seri Begawan

Muscat

Thimphu

Point Baibung

GEORGIAARMENIA

AZERBAIJAN

IRAQ

SYRIAISRAEL

LEBANON

I R A N

K A Z A K H S T A N

UZBEKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

AFGHANISTANTADZHIKISTAN

KIRGIZIA

SAUDIARABIA

BAHRAINQATAR

KUWAIT

UNITED ARABEMIRATES

OMANYEMEN

PAKISTAN

I N D I A

NEPAL

SRILANKA

BHUTANBANGLADESH

MYANMAR

C H I N A

NORTHERNMARIANAS

M O N G O L I A

R U S S I A

NORTHKOREA

SOUTH

KOREA

TAIWAN

VIETNAM

LAOS

THAILAND

CAMBODIA

M A L A Y S I ABRUNEI

SINGAPORE

PALAU

SEYCHELLES

MALDIVES

AUSTRALIA

TURKEYCYPRUS

JORDAN

FRANCESWEDEN

NORWAY

UNITEDKINGDOM

ITALY

GERMANY

ROMANIA

UKRAINE

EASTTIMOR

PAPUANEW

GUINEA

EGYPT

E U R O P E

A F R I C A

Novaya Zemlya

Sakhalin

Hokkaido

LuzonHainan

Sumatra

Java BaliTimor

Seram

Borneo

Sulawesi

Halmahera

Saipan

AndamanIslands

Honshu

Shikoku

Kyushu

Yap

Socotra

Mindanao

New Guinea

Guam (U.S.A.)

1 : 42 000 000 — 1 centimetre on the map represents 420 kilometres on the ground.

0 500 1000 1500

Azimuthal Equal Area Projection

2000 km

N

Yaroslavl

Krasnodar

Izhevsk

Ul’yanovskTolyatti

Krasnoyarsk

Voronezh

Barnaul

Tomsk

20°E

40°E

60°E

80°E 100°E120°E

140°E

160°E

180°

120°E

Tropic of Cancer

Arctic Circle

Equator

0°

100°E

140°E

J

A

P

AN

I N D O N E SI

A

P HI

LI

PP

IN

ES

LakeBalkhash

LakeBaykal

Bay of Bengal

BALTIC SEA

A R C T I C O C E A N

EAST SIBERIAN SEA

ARAL SEA

LAPTEV SEAKARA SEA

BARENTS SEA

SEA OF JAPAN

YELLOWSEA

S E A

O F

O K H O T S K

S O U T H

C H I N A

S E A

ARAFURA SEA

JAVA SEA

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

B L AC K S E A

ME

DIT

ER

RA

NE

AN

SE

A

CA

SPIA

NSE

A

DR

ES

EA

I N D I A N O C E A N

A R A B I A N

S E A

Xi

River

River

River

Yangtze

Mekong

Ura

l

VolgaRiver

River

Yeni

sey

Riv

er

River

River

Lena

Irtysh

40°N60°N

40°N

80°N 80°N 60°N 45654

20°N

0°

80°E60°E

1

2

3

D E F

0°

20°N

2

3

1

164180

192

124

141

Population

Agriculture

Minerals

KEY