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Asia Sustainable Local Resource
Management Workshop 2012
Fukuoka
March 6, 2012
Supported by P&P
i
Contents
Prefatory note
Sato Noriko (Project Leader) ················································································································· 1
Program ························································································································································ 3
Abstract
Oral presentation
(O-1) ······················································································································································· 5
Indonesia Social Forestry Overviews: Progress and Challenge
San Afri Awang
(O-2) ······················································································································································· 6
Transforming People’s Livelihood Modes and Sustainable Forest Management:
Lesson from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Fujiwara Takahiro, San Afri Awang, Sato Noriko
(O-3) ······················································································································································· 7
Vegetation Recovery and Local Use of Natural Resource on Community Forestry in Cambodia
Kajisa Tsuyoshi, Kubo Sakiko, Shigeyama Shintaro, Mizoue Nobuya, Yoshida Shigejiro
(O-4)······················································································································································· 8
Economic Resilience of Agroforestry System in Java
Wahyu Andayani, Elizabeth Yosi, Sasmito Riani, Cahya Triyanti
(O-5) ······················································································································································· 9
Silvopasture System in State Forest System toward Increasing Community Welfare
Wahyu Tri Widayanti, San Afri Awang, Dhonawan Sepsiaji, Ratih Madya Septiana,
Fujiwara Takahiro, Sato Noriko
(O-6) ······················································································································································ 10
Knowledge and Technology Transfer on Livestock Farming for Sustainable Palm Oil Plantation:
A Case Study in KUD Tunas Muda Dayun-Siak, Province of Riau
Ali Agus
ii
(O-7) ······················································································································································· 11
The CO2 Fixation Ability of Rubber Plantation in Indonesia
Gyokusen Koichiro
(O-8)······················································································································································· 12
Developing the Prospective Community Forest through Intensive Silviculture
Mohammad Na’iem
(O-9) ······················································································································································ 13
Effect of rotation age on wood quality of Teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) planted in Indonesia
Kawasaki Yoshitomo, Matumura Junji
(O-10) ····················································································································································· 14
Wood Properties of Popohan (Buchanania arborescens (BL) BL) Growing
on Community Forest in Yogyakarta
Sri Nugroho Marsoem, Joko Sulistyo, Vendy Eko Prasetyo, Puput Prasetyo
(O-11) ····················································································································································· 15
The Historical Expansion of Private Forest (Hutan Rakyat) in Gunungkidul District Yogyakarta Province
Wahyu Wardhana, A. Bomantara, S.F. Sugiarto
(O-12) ····················································································································································· 16
Perspective on Forest Resource Concern among Tourist in Gunung Kidul
Agus Suyanto
(O-13) ····················································································································································· 17
Protected Forest Degradation and People Willingness to Pay for Conservation Activities:
A Case Study of Bukit Suligi Protected Forest, Riau, Indonesia
Mamat Rahmat, Sofyan P. Warsito, Wahyu Andayani, Dwidjono H. Darwanto
(O-14) ····················································································································································· 18
Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder:
Deconstructing Satoyama, Socio-ecological Production Landscape
Mochamad Indrawan, Yabe Mitsuyasu, Nomura Hisako
Poster presentation···································································································································· 19
1
Prefatory note
It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the Asia Sustainable Local Resource Management 2012 in
Fukuoka. The objectives of this workshop are to report the results of the study of “Clarification of
Conditions of Sustainable Community Based Resource Management in Asia and International Cooperation”
which was supported by Kyushu University Interdisciplinary Programs in Education and Projects in Research
(P&P) for two years, and to discuss this matter in order to promote research exchange for future.
Asian Forest plays important roles in carbon fixation and sequestration as well as in biodiversity
conservation, and the sustainable forest management is an issue to all human beings. At the same time,
forests are precious resources for local people because they provide the necessary means of production and
livelihood. Most of the expected benefits from forests are different between at the global and the local level, so
adjustments of the differences are required. In order to adjust the differences, issues such as “REDD+”
(Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus) and “biological diversity credit” are
recently discussed within the international framework. With the viewpoint of local level, local livelihood has
close relations with not only forest, but also agriculture, livestock, mineral and so on. Recently new local
resources such as “eco-tourism” are focused. It is necessary to establish resource management system in
communities in order to conserve and apply those various kinds of local resources sustainably. The key of
success is an existence of human resources who lead the way to overcome poverty and manage the resources.
Each research on each resource has been done so far, however correlations between the resources are not fully
discussed yet.
Therefore, in this research local resources are divided by four categories; Forest Resources,
Conventional Type Resources (agriculture, livestock, mineral, etc), New Type Resources (eco-tourism, biology,
genes, carbon fixation), and Human Resources (education, welfare, etc). Then current conditions on each
resource are clarified, and the correlations between those resources are discussed. The objective of this
research is to clarify the perspective of local resource policy at the age of decentralization in Asian countries.
Other objective is to discuss how Japan contributes to the world at such kind of age. To achieve those
objectives this workshop has two characteristics. One is to discuss with the knowledge of natural science and
social science. In addition to the researchers not only from forest science, but also from livestock and crops
of Agricultural Department of Kyushu University, researchers from welfare, human development of other
departments join this research. Other characteristic is this research focuses on Indonesia, which is a hotspot
of deforestation and forest degradation, and these days decentralization policy has been developing quickly
there.
This research was conducted under a strong relationship with Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada
University, Indonesia. Prof. Mohammad Na’iem, the Dean of the Faculty, Prof. San Afri Awang and seven
2
researchers from Indonesia are participating in this workshop. It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome
them and I hope this workshop will become a crucial step to promote our collaborative research.
Research representative
Prof. Noriko Sato, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
3
Workshop Program
(MC: Dr. Miyuki Inaba, Associate Professor, Faculty of Languages and Cultures)
Time Program
08:20-08:40 Registration
08:40-08:50 Welcome speech
Dr. Yoshimura Atsushi (Professor, Dean of Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University)
08:50-09:05 Introduction of P&P SCBRM (Clarification of Conditions of Sustainable
Community Based Resource Management and International Cooperation)
project
Dr. Sato Noriko (Professor, Project Leader, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University)
09:05-09:20 Introduction of Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University
Dr. Mohammad Na’iem (Professor, Dean, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah
Mada)
09:20-10:35 Session1: Human Resources
09:20-09:40 Dr. San Afri Awang (Professor, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada)
09:40-10:00 (Dr.) Fujiwara Takahiro (Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental
Sciences, Kyushu University)
10:00-10:20 Dr. Kajisa Tsuyoshi (Post-doctoral Fellow, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University)
10:20-10:35 Discussion
Moderator: Dr. Hyakumura Kimihiko (Associate Professor, Institute of Tropical
Agriculture, Kyushu University)
10:35-10:45 Break time
10:45-12:00 Session2 : Conventional Resources
10:45-11:05 Dr. Wahyu Andayani (Professor, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada)
11:05-11:25 Ms. Wahyu Tri Widayanti (Associate Professor, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas
Gadjah Mada)
11:25-11:45 Dr. Ali Agus (Professor, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada)
11:45-12:00 Discussion
Moderator: Dr. Gotoh Takafumi (Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture,
Kyushu University)
12:00-13:00 Lunch Break and Praying Time
4
Time Program
13:00-14:00 Poster Session
14:00-15:40 Session3 : Forest Resources
14:00-14:20 Dr. Gyokusen Koichiro (Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University)
14:20-14:40 Dr. Mohammad Na’iem (Professor, Dean, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah
Mada)
14:40-15:00 Mr. Yoshitomo Kawasaki (Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental
Sciences , Kyushu University)
15:00-15:20 Dr. Sri Nugroho Marsoem (Associate Professor, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas
Gadjah Mada)
15:20-15:40 Discussion
Moderator: Dr. Mizoue Nobuya (Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture,
Kyushu University)
15:40-15:50 Break time
15:50-17:20 Session4 : New Type Resources
15:50-16:05 Mr. Wahyu Wardhana (Associate Professor, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas
Gadjah Mada)
16:05-16:20 Mr. Agus Suyanto (Lecturer, Yogyakarta School of Environmental Engineering)
16:20-16:35 Mr. Mamat Rahmat (Researcher, Forestry Research and Development Agency,
Ministry of Forestry)
16:35-16:50 Dr. Mochamad Indrawan (Lecturer/Researcher, Faculty of Mathematics and
Sciences, Universitas Indonesia)
16:50-17:05 Discussion
Moderator: Dr. Kondo Ryuichiro (Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University)
17:05-17:20 Closing Speech
Dr. Sato Noriko (Professor, Project Leader, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University)
18:30-20:30 Reception
The State Guest of Hakata French Restaurant (レストラン迎賓館)
〒812-0053 福岡市東区箱崎 1丁目 22-1 筥崎宮 神苑 花庭園内 Hakozaki shrine garden Hana-teien, Hakozaki 1-22-1, Higashi, Fukuoka
Abstracts
O-1
5
Indonesia Social Forestry Overviews: Progress and Challenge
San Afri Awang1)
1) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Social forestry in Indonesia has been carried out in Java island and outer Java island. Social forestry in Indonesia
already implemented since 1986. It was started in the Java State Forest Company is called “Perhutani”
(SFC-Perhutani). Since 2001 the SFC Perhutani has developed a new strategy of social forestry in Java State Forest so
called PHBM (Community Collaboration Forest Management /CCFM). The progress and challenge for CCFM
implemented in Java will be elaborated and explained. There are two important results such as: (1) Thousand of
villages over Java island involved as area of CCFM; and (2) Benefits sharing designed based on agreement among
forest farmer group and SFC. The challenge of social forestry in Java, therefore, related to the lack of participation on
community forest planning activities and lack of community empowerment from SFC to forest farmer groups.
The second forest area implementation of social forestry in Indonesia is outer Java islands. Outer Java means the
islands of Indonesia except Java island. According to Ministry of Forestry, social forestry program can be divided into
some activities such as: HTR (people planting forest), HKm (community forest), HD (village forest), and partnership
models. Social forestry area until 2014 has been targeted around 5.0 million hectares. Thousands of people being
involved in those programs. Around 9,00 thousand hectares of state forest area already legalized by Minister of
Forestry for social forestry arena. It means that most of social forestry area may not be realized up to 2014 due to lack
of human resources, lack of budget, and lack of local government support. Credit system is also implemented to
support social forestry program in outer Java. The challenges are as follows: (1) local government budget to support
social forestry program is low; (2) social forestry is not priority program at the local level; (3) forest farmer group
organization have to be strong and empowered by NGO or University expert.
Keywords
Java, Outer Java, Social Forestry, Collaboration, Community Empower
(Contact: San Afri Awang [email protected])
O-2
6
Transforming People’s Livelihood Modes and Sustainable Forest Management:
Lesson from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Fujiwara Takahiro1), San Afri Awang
2), Sato Noriko
3)
1) Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
2) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
3) Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
Introduction
Forest ecosystem services make important contributions not only to human well-being but also to the existence of all
species in the world. Of the global forest area, 80% was publicly owned in 2005; however, the forest area managed and
owned by individuals and communities has been expanding. Privately Owned Forests (POFs) also form part of
ecosystem of watershed with State Forests (SFs) in an integrated fashion. When usufruct and ownership of forests are
transferred from the central government to people, thus, it is important to understand how people can sustainably
manage their forests.
The Study Site and Research Method
Gunung Kidul (GK) is known as an area with many POFs, and a lot of teak logs produced in the POFs are distributed
as raw materials in Indonesia. In recent years, POFs have increasingly played an important role as wood supplier due to
the reduction of timber productivity in SFs. However, GK has faced forest degradation since 1998 due to increasingly
intense demand pressure from wood processing industries. The pressure has transformed traditional manner of POFs
management (i.e. tebang butuh) by local people. In order to manage the POFs sustainably, Koperasi Wana Manunggal
Lestari (KWML) which is a local cooperative association was established in 2006. KWML has managed POFs with
Indonesian forest certification since the inception. To clarify obstruct factors of sustainable POF management by local
people, we conducted an interview with questionnaire to board members and 85 general members of KWML.
Findings and Discussion
After KWML establishment, POFs have been managed by 3 different multi-strata institutions: KWML for joint
business at district level, POF Farmers’ Group Alliance (PKTHR) for forest planning at village level, and Forest
Farmers Group (KTHR) for forest management at sub-village level. There are various concrete rules and
recommendation for sustainable POFs; those are clearly stipulated as the guidance for KTHR and PKTHR. For
example, PKTHR has established bylaw on harvesting and reforestation. According to the rules, members are allowed
to cut teak and mahogany at the age of older than 15 years and have to reforest 10 trees per a logged tree. However, it
was found that 80% respondents had logged young trees to obtain money such as for expenditure of children’s school
fees. Besides, respondents testified that many young villagers were migrating to city for job. About 60% respondents
felt that even though labor power for POFs management was still enough, but had decreased. In addition, the local
people divided an inheritance to equal parts among their family including children who live in other city. As a result of
a sequence of the inheritance, shrinkage of forest land and problem of forest owners residing outside of the village will
be concerned in the future. To accommodate wood demand and ensure sustainable POF management, local people
must negotiate both economic and social challenges over a long period of time. People have modified ecosystem
greatly for millennia, and people’s livelihood modes have historically changed in association with forest use. Current
forest policies, therefore, have to take fully into account the transforming people’s livelihood modes in the push for
sustainable forest management coinstantaneously with the decentralization and devolution of forest management.
(Contact: Fujiwara.Takahiro [email protected])
O-3
7
Vegetation Recovery and Local Use of Natural Resource on Community Forestry
in Cambodia
Kajisa Tsuyoshi1), Kubo Sakiko
2), Shigeyama Shintaro
2), Mizoue Nobuya
1), Yoshida Shigejiro
1)
1) Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
2) Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
In Cambodia, community forestry has started since 1994. A total of 391 community forestry sites are distributed across
the whole country (2009). The purposes of community forestry are to conserve forests and reduce poverty. Our
presentation introduces the vegetation recovery assessment and local use of forest resource on community forestry in
Cambodia. GIS analysis and plot based analysis were conducted to evaluate the vegetation recovery at country and
local levels. Interview survey was conducted to understand a characteristics and degree of people's dependencies on
forests. While other forests managed by different way (forest concession, economic land concession) decrease, the
vegetation inside of community forestry recovered. Forest inside community forestry was also found to grow up
according to field survey. 85% of local people, who participate in “Svey Bakav”community forestry, use around 90%
of tree species for fuel, food, and medicine etc. Local people depend on forest resource even though income from forest
product is small. It was concluded that currently community forestry has played a role in forest conservation. However,
now forest in Svey Bakav community forestry are on successional stage and have no available trees for selling woods,
and so near future management plan is required for sustainable forest management, benefit sharing, and poverty
reduction.
(Contact: Kajisa Tsuyoshi [email protected])
O-4
8
Economic Resilience of Agroforestry System in Java
Wahyu Andayani1)
, Elizabeth Yosi1)
, Sasmito Riani1)
, Cahya Triyanti1)
1)
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Introduction
Various studies have shown that lands managed using the agroforestry system will generate more economic
value compared to those managed under monoculture system. In Java, the agroforestry system has been
performed on privately owned plots as well as state owned plots (Perum Perhutani) since a long time ago (before
1970). Although the plots owned by farmers are generally small-sized, the adoption of agroforestry system can
solve the problem of forest security and increase farmers’ income. This paper wishes to uncover the economical
contribution gained by adopting the system on farmers’ family income and its marketing channels through the
following research results: (1) Economic analysis and marketing efficiency of porang under the PHBM
(community based forest management) program, and (2) Economic analysis and marketing efficiency of
medicinal herb plant (ginger/Zingiberaceae sp), which is cultivated under community forest pattern. By
uncovering the economical contribution, we can determine community’s capability (resilience) in maintaining
the family economy.
Method
The research location for economical analysis and marketing of porang is in KPH Saradan, Perum Perhutani
Unit II, East Java, and the research location on medicinal herbs is in Kulon Progo Regency. Respondents are
acquired using plot width strata (of privately-owned land) as well as the amount of share for pesanggem of the
PHBM (community based forest management).
Result
A. Economical Contribution
People’s income from the cultivation of porang, ginger, and timber under the agroforestry pattern can give high
economical contribution to the total earnings, especially from porang commodity. The same result is also
applied for timber and medicinal herb, although the contribution is not maximum yet. A brief presentation of the
contribution is presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Economical Contribution of Timber and Non-Timber Forest Products to Farmers’ Income
No Description Income contribution from
agroforestry system (%)
Income from other sector
(%)
Farmers’ total annual
income (%)
1 Porang KPH Saradan 60 – 78 22 – 40 100
2 Kulon Progo Regency
a. Timber (teak, mahoni sengon) 6 - 20 80 – 94 100
b. Ginger 12 - 40 60 – 88 100
Note: size of PHBM farmers’ plot: 0.25 - 2 hectares; size of agroforestry farmers’ plot: 0.2 - 1 hectare
B. Marketing Channel
Note: The distribution system of porang, timber and ginger are in-efficient (The parameters used in this research
are profit margin and marketing margin).
References:
(1) Andayani,W. 2005. Ekonomi Agroforestri. Debut Press, Yogyakarta.
(2) Andayani, W. 2007. Analisis Efisiensi Pemasaran Mete/Cashew Nut di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Jurnal Akta
Agrosia, Vol. 10. No. 1 : pp 56-64. (3) Darusman, D, dkk. 2001.Resiliensi Kehutanan Masyarakat di
Indonesia. Fakultas Kehutanan IPB dan The Ford Foundation.Bogor.
(Contact: Wahyu Andayani [email protected] [email protected])
Industries
farmer
ee
Wholesaler
1
Wholesaler
2
Wholesaler
1
consumers
O-5
9
Silvopasture System in State Forest System toward Increasing Community Welfare
Wahyu Tri Widayanti1), San Afri Awang
1), Dhonawan Sepsiaji
1),
Ratih Madya Septiana1)2)
, Fujiwara Takahiro2), Sato Noriko
3)
1) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2) Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
3) Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
Introduction Forest village community uses the forest for the cultivation of food plants, fulfillment of the need of carpentry wood
and firewood, along with taking the use of leaves of forest plants and grasses growing in the forest to meet the need of
forages. Forest village community in maintaining livestock faced various obstacles. The research objective is to seek
the synergy of livestock management by forest village community toward forage fodder supply produced from forest
areas. Specifically the research aims to recognize: livestock management character by forest village community;
perception and motivation of forest village community in livestock management; the potency of livestock at forest
village; the potency of forage in forest village; the condition of social, economy, and community culture of breeders;
obstacle and expectation of community in livestock management, and formulating the strategy to develop livestock in
forest village.
Research Method The applied method in the research is survey method and study case method. The data collection technique at the
survey method was applied the method of random sampling by the tool in the form of questioner, and the number of
respondents is 100 respondents for each research village. The data collection techniques on the study case method were
the techniques of observation, indepth interview and documentation. The selected informants were conducted by
snowball method. The research was conducted in four villages “ 1) Kedungkeris Village, constitutes village which is
side by side with state forest and its community manage people forest as well, 2) Surajaya Village, the village is in a
place inside the state forest area with the type of centralized settlement, yet divided into several zones, 3) Glandang
Village, the village is nearby state forest with the centralized settlement in the outside of state forest, 4) Peguyangan
Village, the village is inside of state forest with the type of centralized settlement.
Result Forest village community manages livestock by
the basic of knowledge obtained from generation
to generation, by selecting the type of species of
livestock consisting of goats, sheep, cows, and
river buffaloes. Societies possess perception that
forests constitute the source of forages.
The internal motivation in breeding is to
obtain the organic fertilizer for food cultivation, to
utilize the leisure time after farming and to save
money for family. External motivation is the
existence of forest constitutes the source of
forages and the existence of support from
government namely the aids of livestock for poor
people. The objective of livestock management is
to breed and sell, as the efforts to add the family income.
The fulfillment of forages is obtained from privately owned land, government ground (state land) and private
forest, in the form of agricultural crop wastes, grasses and leaves from the forest plants. The contributions of livestock
toward total family income in the four research villages were among 6.16% - 19.62%.
Conclusion
The potency of forages existing in the four research villages provides big enough opportunities for the development of
livestock management. Strategy of proper livestock development is needed in order to be efficient and right on target.
The development of livestock management constitutes one of efforts to enhance the economics of forest village
community, and holds up the sustainability of forest resources.
Reference 1. Ihromi, T.O. (1990) Pokok-Pokok Antropologi Budaya. Gramedia. Jakarta.
2. Lubis, D. A. (1992) Ilmu Makanan Ternak. PT. Pembangunan. Jakarta.
3. Reksohadiprodjo, S. (1994) Produksi Tanaman Hijauan Makanan Ternak Tropik. BPFE. Yogyakarta.
(Contact: Wahyu Tri Widayanti [email protected] [email protected])
Table of Livestock Capacity
Based on The Potency of Available Forages
No
Village
Carrying
Capacity
(AU)
Livestock
Population
(AU)
Percentage of
Utilization
(%)
1 Kedungkeris 144.968,61 354,33 0,24
2 Surajaya 146.589,45 737,14 0,50
3 Glandang 109.320,45 63,37 0,06
4 Peguyangan 1.964.801,78 635,84 0,03
O-6
10
Knowledge and Technology Transfer on Livestock Farming for Sustainable Palm Oil
Plantation: A Case Study in KUD Tunas Muda Dayun-Siak, Province of Riau
Ali Agus1)
1) Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Indonesia is the biggest palm oil production and exporter in the world with more than 8 million hectare of palm oil plantation.
Province of Riau is the largest area of palm oil plantation in Indonesia. Several years ago, palm oil's farmers faced the problems
of low price of crude palm oil. It might be due to the fluctuation of international palm oil price or pressure from the
environmentalist NGO for more sustainable farming system. Palm oil plantation has been criticizing for not environmental
friendly farming system. The excessive used of chemical fertilizer and herbicides practiced by the farmers so far will impair the
environment, beside the high cost of production that may contribute to the lower income. Knowledge and technology transfer
on livestock farming to the palm oil's farmers, member of cooperative (KUD 'Tunas Muda') Dayun Siak, Riau, was done since
June 2009. Knowledge and technology on making Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) based on beef cattle manure and feed
technology based on palm by products i.e. leaf and palm kernel cake for feeding beef cattle, have been transferred. Farmers
(n=30) member of KUD were trained and for around 2 years (2009-2011) regular coaching has been done. After two years, 19
farmers (63%) have adopted the technology by making liquid organic fertilizer for their own palm plantation or for selling it to
the other farmers. Beef cattle population was doubled from 200 to 400 head of cattle. The animals have kept semi-intensively
under palm trees area, compared to extensively before training, for being able to collect the manure including urine. The
farmers know very well the benefit of LOF for their palm trees. By selling the LOF for 10.000 rupiah/liter (¥90/liter), they
make additional money between 5-15 million rupiah (¥55.000 - ¥170.000) per month (1¥ = Rp.110). Each farmer (n=19) in
average produce 750 - 3000 liter LOF/month depending on the number of beef cattle. The production cost for chemical
fertilizer (Rp.7.000.000/ha/year or ¥65.000/ha/year) was also reduced by 50-60% per hectare per year by replacing partly with
LOF. At the third year, some farmers have not used the chemical fertilizer any more. It can be concluded that introduction of
livestock farming to the palm oil plantation offer significantly benefits not only economically but also environmentally in
supporting to the sustainable farming system. However, knowledge and technology transfer through the regular and direct
coaching to the farmer would be the key and important factor to be considered for the success of technology adoption.
Key Words
Palm trees, Livestock, Knowledge and Technology Transfer, Sustainable Farming System.
(Contact: Ali Agus [email protected])
O-7
11
The CO2 Fixation Ability of Rubber Plantation in Indonesia
Gyokusen Koichiro1)
1) Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is one of the most useful and valuable plant among latex producing plants, more
than 2,000 species are known in the world. Native tree in South America are planting in Southeast Asia and spreading
as the rubber plantation. Natural rubber (NR) from para rubber tree has a high molecular weight and special
characteristics, used mainly as materials for tire, is difficult to be substituted by artificial rubber.
The NR production of the world was occupied by Southeast Asia, 93% in 2009. Indonesia ranked the second (28%),
and has been expected to be the top of the world in the near future. However, the productivity (production/plantation
area) of NR in Indonesia is still remained at low level compared with Thailand (the first). Developments of managing
technology about rubber plantation are required.
At the same time, the rubber plantation that has a different ecosystem from natural forest causes a lot of environmental
problems, especially in CO2 fixation and biodiversity. We are conducting our research in both a combination of
technological and environmental aspects. In this report, I would like to introduce the outline of our research activities
and the details about the CO2 fixation ability of rubber plantation.
The CO2 fixation ability of forest is usually evaluated with the amount of carbon fixed by plants. In the case of rubber
plantation, a part of carbon fixed by tree is brought out as latex. The CO2 fixation ability of rubber plantation should be
evaluated with both of tree and latex fixation. There is little information about CO2 fixation of rubber plantation,
furthermore, the amount of carbon carried out as latex.
29 individual trees were cut down and dug up all root system in each size class, and a allometry equation was
established to estimate a tree biomass with tree diameter and height. Additionally, carbon contents in soil were
analyzed together. Total carbon fixation of 20 year old stand was about 180 C t/ha, of which 80 C t/ha is in soil. Using
the tree growth and latex yield curve, the annual carbon fixation rate was calculated. Calculated 20 year averaged
annual carbon fixation of tree was 3.6 C t/ha/yr, and that of latex was 1.6 C t/ha/yr (47% of tree fixation). This
numerical value is the first data showed the degree of contribution of latex to carbon fixation in rubber plantation.
In our research site, the CO2 fixation ability of rubber plantation was lower than tropical natural forests, but higher than
other artificial forests. We need more information to evaluate the CO2 fixation ability of rubber plantation in Indonesia.
(Contact: Gyokusen Koichiro [email protected])
O-8
12
Developing the Prospective Community Forest through Intensive Silviculture
Mohammad Na’iem1)
1) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Introduction
Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of important forest tree species in Indonesia, due to its contribution significantly in wood
supply for industrial forestry. The role of teak in wood market is not only because of teak has good wood quality (nice
wood configuration, easy to be handled) and good price but also because the silvicultural aspects of teak has been well
recognized. Therefore, the challenge in doing research of teak in the world has been increasingly developed. Teak is
growth naturally in India, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia in the area with altitude 800 m asl. From these
countries teak has been spread out to South East Asian Countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine and the
islands of Solomon. At present, teak has also been developed in Latin America countries, such Costarica, Argentina,
Brazil, and some regions in Africa and also in Australia.
Method
In Indonesia teak is exooted tree species, however due to the high economical value, easy to be planted and good
marketable, this species has been selected to be a fancy timber species and developed in operational scale in Perhutani
State Owned Company and in limited area in the form of community forestry. Forest community in large scale has
been developed in Lampung, Central Java and East Java included Madura, East Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, South
East Sulawesi and the islands Muna, Buton and Maluku.
Result
There is no exact data in term of size and wood production potency of community forest in Indonesia. However,
recently data noted that need of wood for industrial sector has been 8.226.000 m3, most of wood demand in Indonesia
is still supported from natural forest, while the wood supply both from Perum Perhutani and community forest only
produce about 2.757.000 m3 or only give 33.5 % contribution of wood needed. The low contribution of teak produce
from community forest mostly due to the bad stem form, coarse brancing, and taper growth.
Conclusion
In fact, the community forest is needed to be improving in order to increase the quality and quantity of wood products.
Applied intensive silviculture method and proper silvicultural techniques in maintaining teak stands, has successfully
implemented in stimulating the prospective community forest in Indonesia.
(Contact: Mohammad Na’iem [email protected])
O-9
13
Effect of rotation age on wood quality of Teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) planted in Indonesia
Kawasaki Yoshitomo1), Matumura Junji
2)
1) Graduate School of Bioresourse and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University
2) Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
Introduction
Teak is deciduous broadleaf tree and indigenous to tropical monsoon Asia. The wood has straight grain, greater
dimensional stability, superior strength and high natural durability1, 2)
. In Indonesia, the supply of teak logs with large
diameter at long rotation from state forest has recently decreased and supply of teak logs with small diameter at short
rotation (10 – 20 years) from privately owned forest has increased3). For considering directivity of teak plantation, it’s
important to clarify relationship between quality of logs with small and large diameters for optimum wood utilization.
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of rotation age on wood quality. Variation of wood properties in stem
harvested at short and long rotations was examined.
Materials and Methods
Wood samples were obtained from Java, Indonesia. Three small logs were harvested at short rotation (14 - 16 years)
(SD teak) from privately owned forest in Kedungkeris, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. A large log was harvested at long
rotation (51 years) (LD teak) from state owned forest in Pemalag, central Java. Disks with 20 cm thickness were taken
at 1.3，2.3，3.3，5.3，7.3 m height above the ground from SD teak. From LD teak, disks with 40cm thickness were taken
at 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, 4.3, 5.3, 6.3, 7.3, 9.3 and 14.3 m. The disks were cut symmetrically with respect to pith and strips
were obtained for wood properties measurement.
Results and Discussion
Growth ring width of SD teak varied from 2.0 - 9.0 mm at each stem levels and radial growth rate was not diminished.
Growth ring of LD teak was wide in the 1st - 10th rings because of low stand density and became stable after the 15th
– 20th rings. Air-dry density varied 0.52 - 0.76 g/㎤ in SD teak and 0.44 - 0.74 g/㎤ in LD teak. In both SD and LD
teaks, density increased from pith to bark at each stem levels. Density of LD teak was stable after the 20th ring.
Moreover, the difference of density was small from pith to bark at 14.3 m stem level. This means that it is possible for
teak harvested at long rotation to have high-density zone in outer and upper parts of stem. It is also possible that upper
part of stem has comparative high and stable density. Mean modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture
(MOR) was 10.6 GPa and 94.3MPa, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between density and
MOR, while there was no significant correlation between density and MOE. Mean shrinkage (from saturated to the
oven-dry condition) was 3.06 % in radial and 6.24 % in tangential directions in SD teak. LD teak was 2.75 % and
5.37 %, respectively. Shrinkage of LD teak decreased from pith to bark at each stem levels and then stable. Thus, it is
expected that outer part in LD teak have high dimensional stability. Heartwood proportion of SD teak varied from 42.3
- 7.3 % toward upper part, while that of LD teak was about 90% in the whole stem. This suggests that wood products
matching a decorative use can be obtained from long rotation teak.
Reference
1) White K.J. (1991) FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.
2) Thulasidas et al. (2009). Small-Scale Forestry 8, pp15-24.
3) Hinrichs et al. (2008) Forest Certification on community land in Indonesia, 123p, GTZ, Indonesia.
(Contact: Matsumura Junji [email protected])
O-10
14
Wood Properties of Popohan (Buchanania arborescens (BL) BL)
Growing on Community Forest in Yogyakarta
Sri Nugroho Marsoem1), Joko Sulistyo
1), Vendy Eko Prasetyo
1), Puput Prasetyo
1)
1) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Introduction
The role of community forest as a source of woody material (forest products) is becoming more and more important.
Various commercial as well as lesser used species are growing on the forest. Popohan (Buchanania arborescens (BL)
BL) is one of the lesser used tree species found relatively a lot in the community forest but is valued low. This is
because the information related to the properties of the wood is still limited therefore the objective of this study is to
collect the properties of the wood in the stem of popohan trees and its variability.
Research Method
Three trees of Popohan growing on the community forest in Bantul regency, Yogyakarta province were firstly
measured its girth at breast height and then felled. After felling the trees were then measured its height and the free
branch stem of the trees were then divided into three parts i.e bottom, middle, and top. Cell proportion, cell dimensions,
physical and mechanical properties were observed at each part as well as different radial position of the stem. Physical
and mechanical properties of the wood in each part of the stem were measured according to British Standard 373: 1957.
Physical properties were measured continuously from pith to bark while mechanical were measured at three different
radial position of the stem i.e near the pith, between pith and bark, and near the bark.
Research Findings and Discussion
Popohan wood showed an average cell proportion of fibers, vessels, rays, and parechyma of 58.24%, 9.4%, 21.51%,
and 10.85% respectively. The dimensions of the fibers indicated that the wood had an average fiber length, fiber
diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness of 0.99 mm, 17.41 µm, 13.29 µm, and 2.06 µm respectively.
The wood had an average green moisture content of 62.93% and green specific gravity of 0.48. Shrinkages of the
wood from green to air dry conditions showed an average shrinkage of longitudinal of 0.22%, tangential of 2.98% and
radial of 1.37%, while from green to oven dry conditions at three different directions were 0.38% for longitudinal,
6.84% for tangential, and 3.7% for radial directions.
Mechanical properties of the wood showed that it had an average static bending MOE of 60.26 x 1000 kg/cm2 and
MOR of 590.66 kg/cm2. Compression strength // to the grain of the wood was 275.6 kg/cm
2 and compression strength
┴ to the grain of the wood was 127.39 kg/cm2. Shearing strength of the wood was 108.18 kg/cm
2 while tangential and
radial surfaces hardness were 142.13 kg/cm2 and 137.08 kg/cm
2 respectively.
(Contact: Sri Nugroho Marsoem [email protected])
O-11
15
The Historical Expansion of Private Forest (Hutan Rakyat)
in Gunungkidul District Yogyakarta Province
W. Wardhana1), A. Bomantara
1), S.F. Sugiarto
1)
1) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Introduction
“Hutan Rakyat” or The Community Forest which is defined as private forest as it is in private land can have a role
contribution in forest cover development. Many research studies show the development of the private forest in Java but
never show in spatial context. Most of the researches are focusing on landuse in the field (based on landuse term). This
research will find the answer to look in different point of view of private forest from remote sensing analysis (based on
landcover point of view) and to examine its historical change for some period of time.
Research Method
The study location selected was Gunung Kidul District, the
method using non terrestrial survey using remote sensing and GIS
analysis using Post classification Historical Change Detection
Methods (Jensen, 2004). The field sampling designed for
groundthruth activities using multistage sampling strategy to
answer the relation between landcover (Ministry of Forestry,
1997) and landuse terminology (Awang, 1999).
Research Findings and Discussion
The results of “Private Forest” interpretation from satellite
imageries since 1970s up to 2010s can be shown on the right side.
From 1970s up to 2010s we can see clearly the increasing amount
of private forest area in four types of landcover form. In general
the addition of private forest area from period 1970s up to 2010s
is increased significantly in term of landscape coverage (more
than 50% ), while in between 10 years period of course there are
some fluctuations of private forest cover, and the trend of
settlement landcover type of private forest area (home garden type)
is increased significantly. Therefore inventory using remote
sensing and GIS analysis in combined with multistage sampling
strategy can explain the relation between lower scale (landcover
terminology) and higher scale (land use terminology). It is true that
using this method we can explain the relation between terminology
of landcover with terminology of landuse itseft. Therefore it is
recommended to survey the private forest area using multi resolution satellite imageries. Historical change of the
landcover / landuse analysis of private forest area shows the expansion of private forest area since 1970s up to 2010s
with the addition, and the cutline in period of 10 years analysis shows the high expansion occured in period 1970s –
1980s and 1980s – 1990s. The addition during this period is more than 50% of trees vegetated cover areas. This
proves that the private forest development in Gunung Kidul startedsince 1970s and it continues until present.
(Contact: Wahyu Wardhana [email protected])
O-12
16
Perspective on Forest Resource Concern among Tourist in Gunung Kidul
Agus Suyanto1)
1) Yogyakarta School of Environmental Engineering
Introduction
People’s awareness and consciousness of the natural environment including forest resource has been steadily
increasing over the past three decades. In accordance with this occurrence, there has also been an expansion of studies
and research that examined people’s attitudes, behavioral intentions and behavior towards the natural environment.
This is no exception in the context of tourist and forest literature. In relation to the tourism and forest industry, there has
been a growth in the development of ecotourism, destinations and experiences that reflect these environmental and
forest issues. In this respect, the increasing awareness towards forest resource has influenced people in determining
preference related to recreational or vacation activities.
Method
Case studies were carried out in Gunung Kidul forest-based destination. As an exploration study with quantitative
methods using close-ended survey was used in this study. The sample population was drawn at accidental sampling
from these tourists who respond the survey. The theoretical population was 69 tourists consist of 24 female and 45
male. Data analysis was performed by using Software Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 10). Environment
concern is used as an instrument of measurement which is called the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) which is
modified into forest resource issues. Several tools of analysis are used in this study including Independent sample
T-test and Pearson Correlation.
Result
Environmental concern which is represented by New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) proposed by Dunlap and van
Liere (1978) in this case of study can be constructed into 3 new variables to include balance of nature, man over nature
and limit to growth. Factor analysis which is applied to the 12 items has constructed those three new variables which
are reliable and valid for analysis. Finding in this study suggest that there is no difference in terms of sensitiveness
between male and female towards forest resource concern. But, in terms of region category, in general there is a
difference sensitiveness between tourists from Yogya and non-Yogya region towards forest resource. In this case, the
two socio-demographic factors seem to give two sides of depiction (influence and no influence) in relation to forest
resource. However, as these two factors apart of socio-demographics characteristics, this finding confirms results of
previous environmental behavior research, that socio-demographics factor had relatively little or no influence on
environmental attitude (J.R. McGuire, 1992).
(Contact: Agus Suyanto [email protected] [email protected])
O-13
17
Protected Forest Degradation and People Willingness to Pay for Conservation Activities: A Case Study of Bukit Suligi Protected Forest, Riau, Indonesia
Mamat Rahmat1) 2)
, Sofyan P. Warsito2), Wahyu Andayani
2), Dwidjono H. Darwanto
3)
1) Forestry Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Forestry
2) Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
3) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Introduction
The role of forest resource could be categorized into the three functions: ecological, economic and social functions. In
sustainable development concept, those three functions should be keep existence over time. Meanwhile, in the real of
development economic, it was found trade-off between ecological and economic objectives. Such the fact occurred in
Bukit Suligi Protected Forest (BSPF) area in Riau Province. To get financial benefit, people convert BSPF to another
land use, for example some parts of BSPF become oil palm estate crops, although it was illegal by law. However,
BSPF plays very important role to provide environmental services, for instance to regulate water discharge because
BSPF area is an upper part of many rivers in Riau Province. The objectives of this study are to find out the recent
condition of BSPF area and people willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation activities of BSPF area.
Research Method
Research was conducted by review of government instance documents, research report, and mass media news. Beside
that, interview was also conducted on the key informants, and then household interview was conducted to find out
people WTP for conservation activities. Household interview was carried out in four villages of Siak River Watershed,
Dayo Village and Suligi Village (upper part), Meranti Pandak Village (middle part) and Paluh Village (lower part).
Sampling intensity in each village was 4 %.
Result
BSPF is located in Rokan Hulu and Kampar District, Riau Province. It was established in 1982 with total area 33.000
ha. Before established as protected forest, the area was managed as a concession area of HPH (Forest Concession
Right) PT. Tanjung Budi Sari. Tin mining also existed in the area but closed in 1979. In 1983, a part of BSPF area was
appointed as Forest for Education and Training (Hutan Diklat) that was managed under Forestry Education and
Training Institute (Balai Diklat Kehutanan) of Pekanbaru (BDK Pekanbaru, 2010). However, most of BSPF area has
been destroyed by illegal logging and land encroachment. Remaining forest area is thirty percent of total BSPF area.
The map presented by Forestry and Estate Crops Office (Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan) of Rokan Hulu District
estimated that fifty percent of BSPF area converted to oil palm estate crops. Therefore, Forestry Education and
Training Institute of Pekanbaru in collaboration with Local Government have concluded an agreement to work
together in order to conserve BSPF area with involvement of local community. On other hand, the result of WTP
survey showed that 83% respondents in upper part villages had a WTP for conservation activities, and then for middle
and lower part respectively were: 53% and 83%. The respondents who stated unwillingness to pay argued that
conservation activities such as reforestation were responsibility of government. As well, an average of WTP value of
the respondents for conservation activities was 117,000 IDR (13 USD) per household per year. The average in the
upper and the lower part was almost equal. In contrast, the average of the middle part was much higher than other two
locations. The averages of upper, middle and lower part were respectively: 96,900 IDR (11 USD), 177,400 IDR (20
USD), and 98,900 IDR (11USD) per household per year.
Conclusion
This study showed that most of communities which locate in upper, middle and lower part had attention on
conservation activities of degraded BSPF area. Conservation effort that initiated by Forestry Education and Training
Institute of Pekanbaru in collaboration with Local government and local (upper part) community, also could involve
communities which locate in the middle and lower part.
(Contact: Mamat Rahmat [email protected])
O-14
18
Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder:
Deconstructing Satoyama, Socio-ecological Production Landscape
Mochamad Indrawan1) 2)
, Yabe Mitsuyasu2), Nomura Hisako
2)
1) Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Indonesia
2) Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
Introduction
This synthesis considered satoyama from its various aspects. Today, satoyama is defined as Japanese traditional rural
landscape, comprised of an integral social and ecological network of a village and its surroundings, such as agricultural
lands, open forestlands and forests (Fukamachi et al 2001). This article seeks to review the concept of satoyama, by
considering the diverse and evolving concepts of satoyama, and identifying potential gaps.
Methods
Desk study was geared to examine how aspects of satoyama have been researched, be it social, economic, political, and
ecological.
Results
The definitions of satoyama are multiple, and its structure changed with people’s needs across history. The needs at
different times thus shaped the uses and management priorities of the satoyama. Satoyama provided not only food and
energy, but also cultural niche and even community resilience to respond to natural disasters. Today, satoyama is
declining due to depopulation, ageing of population, changing diet, and technological advances. To sustain satoyama,
its management needs to be adapted in accordance with contemporary needs of the societies. Implementing diverse
strategies for sustaining satoyama across its many localities, towards fostering new meaning and richness of options,
and innovations is called for. Furthermore, effective and integrative management of the ecosystem functions of
satoyama calls for more rigorous research and application of the main ecological principles. Yet, there is still a gap of
knowledge regarding biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem processes in satoyama systems; not many studies have
considered the gaps in the knowledge of the satoyama. The socio-political aspect of the satoyama cannot be ignored
either. Although there is thought that green-washing occurred, but political repercussions is to be expected. Eventually,
to ensure satoyama capture the interests for biodiversity, biodiversity need to adequately transform economic benefits.
Conclusions
As a socio-ecological construct, the quality and maintenance of satoyama systems will depend on the existence of
adequate knowledge to support the management decisions fitted to respond to current social needs.
References
1. Fukamachi K, Miki Y, Oku H, Miyoshi I. 2011. The biocultural link: isolated trees and hedges in Satoyama
landscapes indicate a strong connection between biodiversity and local cultural features. Landscape Ecological
Engineering 7 (2): 195-206
2. Pretty, J. 2003. Social capital and the collective management of resources. Science 302: 1912 – 1914
3. Primack RB, Kobori, H. 2003. Participatory Conservation Approaches for Satoyama, the Traditional Forest and
Agncultural Landscape of Japan. Ambio 32~4: 307-311
4. Whittaker RJ, Fernandez-Palacios JM. 2007. Island Biogeography: Ecology, evolution, and conservation.
Oxford University Press. xii + 402
5. Yokohari M, Bolthouse J. 2011. Keep it alive, don’t freeze it: a conceptual perspective on the conservation of
continuously evolving satoyama landscapes. Landscape Ecol Eng (2011) 7:207–216
(Contact: Mochamad Indrawan [email protected])
19
Poster session
Poster 1
Manufacture of three-layer wood-porcelain stone composite board reinforced with bamboo fiber
Andi Hermawan, et al.
Poster 2
Varietal differences of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for aleurone traits contributing to lipid content
Ohn Mar Khin, et al.
Poster 3
A Proposed Framework for Sustainable Irrigation Management in Cambodia A case study in Stung
Chinit Scheme, Kompong Thom province
SAM Sreymom, et al.
Poster 4
Can Community Based Ecotourism Conserve Forests and Improve Local Livelihood?
LONN Pichdara, et al.
Poster 5
Beneficiary of Local Participation in Conservation; A case study in Central Cardamom Protected
Forest, Southwest Cambodia
Namyi Heng, et al.
Poster 6
Evaluating people’s participation and resource conservation in a forestry sector project in Bangladesh
Kazi kamrul Islam, et al.
Poster 7
Erosion Prediction Using GeoWEPP Model in Karangsari Basin, Indonesia
Aril Aditian, et al.
Poster 8
Rainfall-induced Shallow Landslides in Kelara Watershed, Indonesia
Hasnawir, et al.
Poster 9
Deconstructing SATOYAMA; Socio-Ecological Landscape of Productivity
Mochamad Indrawan, et al.
Poster 10
Benefit Sharing Allocation on Community Collaborative Forest Management (CCFM) -A Case Study of
KPH Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia
Ratih Madya Septiana, et al.
20
Poster 1
Manufacture of three-layer wood-porcelain stone composite board reinforced with bamboo fiber
Andi Hermawan*, Takeshi Ohuchi, Noboru Fujimoto
The objective of this study was to improve bending strength properties of three-layer wood-porcelain
stone composite board. The focus of this study was on the effects of orientations and weight ratios of bamboo
fiber in face layer on physical and mechanical properties of the board. Three types of board with different
orientation of bamboo fibers in the face layer were manufactured: one in which the fibers were oriented at
random orientation (R board), another in which the fibers were oriented at unidirectional orientation (U board),
and a third in which the fibers were oriented at cross orientation (C board). The physical and mechanical
properties of the boards were evaluated based on the Japanese Industrial Standard for Particleboards. The
main results obtained were as follows: Bending strength properties of the board were strongly affected by both
orientation and weight ratio of bamboo fibers. Perpendicular specimen of C board has larger bending strength
properties than U board and the value become larger with increased weight ratio of bamboo fibers. Internal
bond strength value decreased with increasing weight ratio of bamboo fibers. The effect of orientation and
weight ratios of bamboo fiber on thickness swelling of the board was not significant.
* Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Wood Material Technology; [email protected]
Poster 2
Varietal differences of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for aleurone traits contributing to lipid
content
Ohn Mar Khin*, Toshihiro Mochizuki
The increasing demand for oil is more than the increasing production of oil seed crops. Interest in rice oil
is increasing because it is identified as “healthy oil” that reduces serum cholesterol. In rice seed, the lipid
content deposited in the aleurone layer and embryo has been reported to be 17.5~21.7%. To explore the useful
genetic resources for aleurone traits that are closely related to the lipid content, 330 varieties were investigated.
Brown rice seeds were cut in cross around center with razor blade and the outermost region of the cut surface
stained with oil red O were measured with a fluorescence microscope. As a result, there were wide variations
in stained area among varieties and many varieties with large stained area were found in Japonica group.
Twenty varieties were selected according to their stained area to cover the whole range among varieties used
and confirmed their thickness of aleurone layer by using micro thin section that was made by cryostat with
slight modification of the Kawamoto’s film method (2008). And the amount and content of triacylglycerol
(TAG) of brown rice without embryo were also measured. As a result, both amount and content of TAG were
significantly correlated with the area and the average thickness of aleurone layer. These results suggest that
the aleurone traits will be able to use as good indicators for selection of rice varieties with high TAG amount
and content.
* Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology; [email protected]
21
Poster 3
A Proposed Framework for Sustainable Irrigation Management in Cambodia A case study in
Stung Chinit Scheme, Kompong Thom province
SAM Sreymom*, Yoshiyuki Shinogi
Sustainable irrigation management becomes an important subject of study in the field of common pool
resources research as it plays an important role for agrarian society specifically developing countries.
Likewise, Cambodia, in which many rural families depend heavily on agriculture to sustain their livelihoods,
is not excluded. Cambodia government also encourages any activities to push rice export by means of
attracting investment in irrigation infrastructure construction, rice technology and so on. However, even there
are many investment in infrastructure development, the management which is transferred to local community
by participatory irrigation management and development approach is not going well due to many settings and
conditions. According to household survey, semi-structure interview, and desk data collection, it shows that
local participation, financial, technical support and legal support, power devolution, livelihood interest,
technology, farmer water user community, collective action and cooperation between stakeholders are the
main factors influencing irrigation management to the way of its sustainability. These issues have interrelation
with each others in which they have to be considered in all circumstances and settings. Government, related
agencies especially funding and investing institutions, local people and authority are the main characters
playing in this sort of management but they have different perspectives as well as goals so integrating them
into a pool management to get the maximum benefits from the infrastructures and management in a long term
period. Sustainability is a far reach goal but it is a philosophy to make sure that at least people have done their
best to sustain the irrigation management in both hard and soft aspects.
* Graduate School of Bioresourse and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Irrigation and
water utilization; [email protected]
Poster 4
Can Community Based Ecotourism Conserve Forests and Improve Local Livelihood?
LONN Pichdara*, Nobuya Mizoue, Tsuyoshi Kajisa, Shigejiro Yoshida
In Cambodia, there is an increasing emergence of establishment of community-based ecotourism by
integrating in community forestry and community protected areas. It has been reported as a good tool for local
natural resource management because it can, in return, provide incomes to communities to protect their own
resources, especially forests, but the effectiveness of that practice has not been scientifically proved. After
initiating ecotourism, there have been no studies in terms of quantitative and qualitative data analysis on
changes in forest cover and livelihood. This study evaluates the success of ecotourism in Chambok Commune,
a part of Kirirom National Park, Cambodia, based on quantitative and qualitative data on socioeconomic
changes and forest cover changes by using GIS and household survey. The results showed that after the
creation of community based ecotourism between 2002-2010, semi-evergreen forest have increased
significantly at the expense of deciduous forest type in Community Protected Area. However, deciduous forest
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in Community Forestry has declined and changed into other forest type. Regarding household incomes, it
indicated that average monthly household incomes between those who are involved in Community Based
Ecotourism and those who are not is not statistically different. Yet, the majority of households had better
livelihood changes after the establishment of Community Based Ecotourism. It also clarified that ecotourism
is not the main reason to better local livelihood change.
* Graduate School of Bioresourse and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Forest
Management; [email protected]
Poster 5
Beneficiary of Local Participation in Conservation; A case study in Central Cardamom
Protected Forest, Southwest Cambodia
Namyi Heng*, Namyi Heng, Nobuya Mizoue, Tsuyoshi Kajisa, Shigejiro Yoshida
Conservation Agreement is known as a way in which biodiversity conservation through incentive
agreement directly compensates local stakeholders, but there has been limited information on effectiveness of
local participation in terms of local people’s benefits. This study aimed at evaluating benefits of
conservation-incentive agreement for local participation in conservation in Central Cardamom Protected
Forest (401,313 ha) established in 2002, southwest of Cambodia, where conservation-incentive agreement
was initiated in 2006 with community for helping conservation. Questionnaire survey was undertaken in 2011
for 88 households from three communes (Ta Tey Leu, Tma Doun Pov, Chumnoab) in Koh Kong province.
Very strong and positive understanding of respondents on conservation activity in their area was found; almost
all respondents (99%) stated that conservation-incentive programs help to improve livelihood and community
development, and to protect natural resource in community. Very high of local’s participation (> 85%) was
also found in conservation activity for protecting forest, wildlife and its habitat through patrolling area.
However, positive attitudes towards conservation were strongly related to the receipt of benefits, raising a
question about sustainability of local participation in conservation after the agreement finishes.
* Graduate School of Bioresourse and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Forest
Management; [email protected]
Poster 6
Evaluating people’s participation and resource conservation in a forestry sector project in
Bangladesh
Kazi kamrul Islam*, G.M.Mujibar Rahman, Takahiro Fujiwara, Noriko Sato
Many forestry sector projects have been launched in Bangladesh with the objective of involving local
people in managing forest resources, and only few of them are sustain. Against such trends and practice,
Forest Department initiated a project at Madhupur Sal forests area in order to protect forests and rehabilitated
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forests dependent people in a sustainable way. This study analyzes the nature and extent of people’s
participation and reality of resource conservation in Madhupur projects through a systematic, theoretical
framework and empirical data. The result observed that capacity building of illegal loggers and
forest-dependent families were the basic achievements of this project. All participants were appointed as
paid community forest workers, received incentives and established a transparent system, which dismissed
participants’ forest offences and mobilized their participation. Moreover, protection of human intervention
into Sal forests and substantial re-vegetation by native species under the umbrella of participatory forestry go
hand in hand in a synergistic way to make the project worth replicating elsewhere in Bangladesh and even
other parts of the world, with suitable modifications.
* Graduate School of Bioresourse and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Forest Policy;
Poster 7
Erosion Prediction Using GeoWEPP Model in Karangsari Basin, Indonesia
Aril Aditian*, Tetsuya Kubota
Karangsari catchment area is part of Serang tributary watershed which covering an area of 126.60 ha.
Karangsari catchment area has categorized as part of a critical area for 9.98% of the total area. People who
live in Karangsari catchment area use the land for agriculture and municipal area. Erosion that occurred in the
Karangsari catchment area continues to increase every year. Erosion has various effects, one of which is
sedimentation. Sedimentation is part of the erosion process and can cause river aggradation and thus can lead
to a decrease in river flow. This study aims to determine the amount of erosion and sedimentation that occur in
the area by using the model GeoWEPP (Geospatial interface for Water Erosion Prediction Project). This
research conducted by using various data such as SRTM data (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and soil
samples taken directly from the field to be tested in the laboratory. GeoWEPP is a physical simulation model
that can calculate soil erosion using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as its topography input. GeoWEPP can
calculate the spatial distribution of soil loss and temporal elevation on a slope in a certain time unit.
GeoWEPP can extrapolate the output result to a broader range so then both the on-site and off-site analysis
could be obtained. It is to be concluded from the research that the on-site erosion analysis of Karangsari Basin
using GeoWEPP produced the value of 26.24 ton/ha/year while off-site erosion (sediment yield) analysis of
Karangsari Basin using GeoWEPP estimated the value of 30.88 ton/ha/year..
* Graduate School of Bioresourse and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Forest
Conservation and Erosion Control Laboratory; [email protected]
Poster 8
Rainfall-induced Shallow Landslides in Kelara Watershed, Indonesia
Hasnawir*, Tetsuya Kubota
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The effect of rainfall in driving shallow landslide activity is an obvious one, though it is difficult to
define precisely. Rainfall-induced shallow landslides, mostly soil slips and debris flows are initiated by a
transient loss of shear strength, resulting from the increase in porewater pressure caused by intense rainfall
onto loose surficial soil overlying firmer, less permeable bedrock. In the Kelara watershed of South Sulawesi
of Indonesia, shallow landslides have been occurring every year for the last six years due to increases in
rainfall intensity. As a result, roads and the local inhabitants often suffer from incidences of shallow landslides
causing loss of life and wealth. The principal purpose of this study was to examine the rainfall conditions that
triggered shallow landslides in the Kelara watershed. The result shows that the shallow landslide events are
mainly associated with rainfall durations of 1 to 24 hours. In particular, many shallow landslides occurred
with rainfall less than 10 hours. This could be influenced by geologic conditions (developed as a result of
volcanic activities), topography, human interference, and heavy rainfall events.
* Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Forest Conservation and Erosion Control;
Poster 9
Deconstructing SATOYAMA; Socio-Ecological Landscape of Productivity
Mochamad Indrawan*, Mitsuyasu Yabe, Hisako Nomura
This synthesis considered satoyama from its various aspects. The definitions of satoyama are multiple,
and its structure changed with people’s needs across history. The needs at different times thus shaped the
uses approaches and management priorities of the satoyama. Satoyama provided not only food and energy,
but also cultural niche and even community resilience to respond to natural disasters preparedness. Today,
satoyama is declining due to depopulation, ageing of population, changing diet, and technological advances.
To sustain satoyama, its management needs to be adapted in accordance with contemporary needs of the
societies. Implementing diverse strategies for sustaining satoyama across its many localities, towards
fostering new meaning and richness of options, and innovations is called for. Furthermore, effective and
integrative management of the ecosystem functions of satoyama calls for more rigorous research and
application of the main ecological principles. Yet, there is still a gap of knowledge regarding biodiversity
dynamics and ecosystem processes in satoyama systems. not many studies have considered the gaps in the
knowledge of the satoyama. The socio-political aspect of the satoyama can not be ignored either. Although
there is thought that green-washing occurred, political repercussions is to be expected. Eventually, to ensure
satoyama capture the interests for biodiversity, biodiversity need to adequately transform economic benefits.
As a socio-ecological construct, the quality and maintenance of the satoyama systems will depend on the
existence of adequate knowledge to support the management decisions fitted to respond to current societal
needs.
* Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University and Universitas Indonesia Center for Biodiversity Strategies,
Laboratory of Resource Economic; [email protected]
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Poster 10
Benefit Sharing Allocation on Community Collaborative Forest Management (CCFM) -A Case
Study of KPH Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia
Ratih Madya Septiana*, San Afri Awang, Wahyu Tri Widayanti, Takahiro Fujiwara, Noriko Sato
Most part of state forest in Java has been managed by state forest company (Perhutani) since 1964. In
2001, Perhutani initiated Community Collaborative Forest Management (CCFM). CCFM is a management
system of forest resources carried out jointly by Perum Perhutani and villagers or Perhutani and rural
community in cooperation with interested parties (stakeholders) with the spirit of sharing, in order to achieve
sustainable use of forest resources and benefits of forest resources can be realized in an optimal and
proportional. The objectives of this study are to clarify allocation method of benefit sharing and discuss
impact of benefit sharing allocation to forest farmers. Case studies were carried out in two villages, Glandang
Village (non-existence of good teak stands) and Surajaya Village (existence good teak stand) in the Forest
Management Unit (KPH) Pemalang, Central Java. The total forest area of KPH Pemalang is 24,423.5 Ha and
there are 702.1 ha in Glandang village and 1400.2 ha in Surajaya village. Research was carried out by means
of literature review and interviews in depth on the key informants. Benefit sharing allocation is done in two
levels; 1) Perhutani and LMDH (Forest Village Community Institution) consisted of local villagers, and 2)
benefit sharing allocation in internal LMDH. In addition, the allocation method within LMDH is distinguished
between: 1) presence and2) absence of forest farmers at compartment. The Benefit sharing allocation is
implemented based on agreement according to the need and characteristics of respective villages, such as
public infrastructure (e.g. school, village government office, public road etc) and social fund (e.g. scholarship
and assistant for sick people, etc). Allocation for forest farmers is important because they have a big
contribution which can achieve sustainable forest and economic community welfare. Negotiation on the
benefit sharing is important because each party gives input.
* Graduate School of Bioresourse and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Laboratory of Forest Policy;
Asia Sustainable Local Resource
Management Workshop 2012
Fukuoka
March 6, 2012
Clarification of Conditions of Sustainable Community Based
Resource Management and International Cooperation project
(SCBRM project)
Produced by Laboratory of Forest Policy, Kyushu University
Supported by P&P, Kyushu University
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