AspenHYSYSRefiningV7 2 Ops

Aspen HYSYSOperations GuideRefining

Version Number: V7.2July 2010

Copyright (c) 1981-2010 by Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.

Aspen HYSYS, Aspen HYSYS Refining, Aspen RefSYS, Aspen Flare System Analyzer, Aspen Energy Analyzer, Aspen HYSYS Refining CatCracker, Aspen HYSYS Pipeline Hydraulics, and the aspen leaf logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Aspen Technology, Inc., Burlington, MA.

This manual is intended as a guide to using AspenTechs software. This documentation contains AspenTech proprietary and confidential information and may not be disclosed, used, or copied without the prior consent of AspenTech or as set forth in the applicable license agreement. Users are solely responsible for the proper use of the software and the application of the results obtained.

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Aspen HYSYS Refining Overview 1-1

1 Aspen HYSYS Refining Overview

1.1 Introduction to Aspen HYSYS Refining........................................... 2

1.2 Common Property Views................................................................ 5

1.2.1 Aspen HYSYS Refining Object Palette .......................................... 61.2.2 Worksheet Tab ......................................................................... 61.2.3 Notes Page/Tab........................................................................ 71.2.4 User Variables Page/Tab .......................................................... 111-1

1-2 Introduction to Aspen HYSYS Refining

FothrePe1.1 Introduction to Aspen HYSYS Refining

Aspen HYSYS Refining (formerly known as RefSYS) is based on the flowsheet capabilities of HYSYS (use of partial information, bi-directional of information, and so forth). Existing HYSYS simulation cases can be leveraged in Aspen HYSYS Refining adding petroleum assays information and specific refinery unit operations.

The key concept of Aspen HYSYS Refining is the petroleum assay. A petroleum assay is a vector that stores physical properties and assay properties for a specific component list. Physical properties include all properties used in a typical HYSYS simulation case. Assay properties comprise refinery related properties as cloud point, octane numbers, flash point, freeze point, sulphur content, PONA distribution, GC data and etc. A component list typically consists of library components (for instance, methane to n-pentane) and pseudo-components (hypothetical components).

Aspen HYSYS Refining is based on a flexible structure so that no pre-defined list of pseudo-components is required. Moreover, existing lists of pseudo-components created by the HYSYS Oil Environment can be used in Aspen HYSYS Refining. Each component stores a value of a physical and assay property. The assay properties are usually imported from an assay management system, as for instance, CrudeManager from Spiral Software Ltd.

At the Simulation Environment, each stream may have its own petroleum assay, that is, the physical and assay properties of components on one stream may differ from other streams. Bulk values for assay properties are calculated using specific lumping rules. When process streams are mixed together on any HYSYS

In order to run Aspen HYSYS Refining features, you have to install both Aspen HYSYS Refining and Aspen Properties, and have the Aspen HYSYS Refining license.

r more information on e petroleum assays, fer to Chapter 2 - The troleum Assay.1-2

Aspen HYSYS Refining Overview 1-3or Aspen HYSYS Refining operation, a new petroleum assay is created and special blending rules are employed to re-calculate the physical and assay properties. This unique architecture allows the simulation of refinery-wide flowsheets using one single component list - resulting in optimal speed performance on calculations. Moreover, the propagation of those properties allows the integration of reactor models, since the required properties are available at the feed stream to the reactor unit.

The various components that comprise HYSYS/ HYSYS Refining provide an extremely powerful approach to refinery simulation modeling. At a fundamental level, the comprehensive selection of operations and property methods allows you to model a wide range of processes with confidence. Perhaps even more important is how the HYSYS/ HYSYS Refining approach to modeling maximizes your return on simulation time through increased process understanding. The key to this is the Event Driven operation. By using a degrees of freedom approach, calculations in HYSYS/ HYSYS Refining are performed automatically. Aspen HYSYS Refining performs calculations as soon as unit operations and property packages have enough required information.

Any results, including passing partial information when a complete calculation cannot be performed, is propagated bi-directionally throughout the flowsheet. What this means is that you can start your simulation in any location using the available information to its greatest advantage. Since results are available immediately - as calculations are performed - you gain the greatest understanding of each individual aspect of your process.

The multi-flowsheet architecture of HYSYS/ HYSYS Refining is vital to this overall modelling approach. Although HYSYS/ HYSYS Refining has been designed to allow the use of multiple property packages and the creation of pre-built templates, the greatest advantage of using multiple flowsheets is that they provide an extremely effective way to organize large processes. By breaking flowsheets into smaller components, you can easily isolate any aspect for detailed analysis. Each of these sub-processes is part of the overall simulation, automatically calculating like any other operation.1-3

1-4 Introduction to Aspen HYSYS RefiningThe design of the HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Refining interface is consistent, if not integral, with this approach to modelling. Access to information is the most important aspect of successful modelling, with accuracy and capabilities accepted as fundamental requirements. Not only can you access whatever information you need when you need it, but the same information can be displayed simultaneously in a variety of locations. Just as there is no standardized way to build a model, there is no unique way to look at results. HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Refining uses a variety of methods to display process information - individual property views, the PFD, Workbook, Databook, graphical Performance Profiles, and Tabular Summaries. Not only are all of these display types simultaneously available, but through the object-oriented design, every piece of displayed information is automatically updated whenever conditions change.

The inherent flexibility of HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Refining allows for the use of third party design options and custom-built unit operations. These can be linked to Aspen HYSYS Refining through OLE Extensibility.

Aspen HYSYS Refining also offers an assortment of utilities which can be attached to process streams and unit operations. These tools interact with the process and provide additional information.

All standard HYSYS unit operations are explained in the HYSYS Operations Guide and Aspen HYSYS Refining unit operations are explained in this guide. The unit operations can be used to assemble flowsheets. By connecting the proper unit operations and streams, you can model a wide variety of refinery processes.

Included in the available operations are those which are governed by thermodynamics and mass/energy balances, such as Heat Exchangers, Separators, and Compressors, and the logical operations like the Adjust, Set, and Recycle. A number of operations are also included specifically for dynamic modelling, such as the Controller, Transfer Function Block, and Selector. The Spreadsheet is a powerful tool, which provides a link to nearly any flowsheet variable, allowing you to model special 1-4

Aspen HYSYS Refining Overview 1-5effects not otherwise available in HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Refining.

In modelling operations, HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Refining uses a Degrees of Freedom approach, which increases the flexibility with which solutions are obtained. For most operations, you are not constrained to provide information in a specific order, or even to provide a specific set of information. As you provide information to the operation, HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Refining calculates any unknowns that can be determined based on what you have entered.

For instance, consider the Pump operation. If you provide a fully-defined inlet stream to the pump, HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Refining immediately passes the composition and flow to the outlet. If you then provide a percent efficiency and pressure rise, the outlet and energy streams is fully defined. If, on the other hand, the flowrate of the inlet stream is undefined, HYSYS/Aspen HYSYS Refining cannot calculate any outlet conditions until you provide three parameters, such as the efficiency, pressure rise, and work. In the case of the Pump operation, there are three degrees of freedom, thus, three parameters are required to fully define the outlet stream.

All information concerning a unit operation can be found on the tabs and pages of its property view. Each tab in the property view contains pages which pertain to a certain aspect of the operation, such as its stream connections or physical parameters (for example, pressure drop and energy input).

1.2 Common Property Views

Each operation in HYSYS contains some common information and options. These information and options are grouped into common tabs and pages. The following sections describe the common tabs and pages in HYSYS operation property view.1-5

1-6 Common Property Views

ReGinReFoHBAs

Re1.2.1 Aspen HYSYS Refining Object Palette

The Aspen HYSYS Refining object palette enables you to add Aspen HYSYS Refining operations to the main PFD. The Aspen HYSYS Refining operations are:

Assay Manipulator Catalytic Reformer FCC Reactor Hydrocracker Petroleum Column Petroleum Feeder Petroleum Yield Shift Reactor Product Blender Isomerization Unit Operation HBED Reactor

To access the Aspen HYSYS Refining object palette do one of the following:

In the main case (Simulation) environment, press F6. In the main case (Simulation) environment, select

Flowsheet | RefSYS Operations command from the menu bar.

1.2.2 Worksheet TabThe Worksheet tab contains a summary of the information contained in the stream property view for all the streams attached to the air cooler. The Conditions and Composition pages contain selected information from the corresponding pages of the Worksheet tab for the stream property view.

The Properties page displays the property correlations of the inlet and outlet streams of the unit operations. The following is a list of the property correlations:

Vapour / Phase Fraction Vap. Frac. (molar basis)

Temperature Vap. Frac. (mass basis)

fer to FCC Operation uide for more formation on FCC actor. r information on the ED reactor, see the pen HYSYS online help.

fining object palette1-6

Aspen HYSYS Refining Overview 1-7The PF Specs page contains a summary of the stream property view Dynamics tab.

1.2.3 Notes Page/TabThe Notes page/tab provides a text editor where you can record any comments or information regarding the specific unit

Pressure Vap. Frac. (volume basis)

Actual Vol. Flow Molar Volume

Mass Enthalpy Act. Gas Flow

Mass Entropy Act. Liq. Flow

Molecular Weight Std. Liq. Flow

Molar Density Std. Gas Flow

Mass Density Watson K

Std. Ideal Liquid Mass Density Kinematic Viscosity

Liquid Mass Density Cp/Cv

Molar Heat Capacity Lower Heating Value

Mass Heat Capacity Mass Lower Heating Value

Thermal Conductivity Liquid Fraction

Viscosity Partial Pressure of CO2

Surface Tension Avg. Liq. Density

Specific Heat Heat of Vap.

Z Factor Mass Heat of Vap.

The Heat of Vapourisation for a stream in HYSYS is defined as the heat required to go from saturated liquid to saturated vapour.

The PF Specs page is relevant to dynamics cases only.1-7

1-8 Common Property Viewsoperation or the simulation case in general.

Adding Notes

To add a comment or information in the Notes page/tab:

1. Go to the Notes page/tab.2. Use the options in the text editor toolbar to manipulate the

appearance of the notes.

The following table lists and describes the options available in the text editor toolbar.

Figure 1.1

Object Icon Description

Font Type Use the drop-down list to select the text type for the note.

Font Size Use the drop-down list to select the text size for the note.

Font Colour Click this icon to select the text colour for the note.

Bold Click this icon to bold the text for the note.

Italics Click this icon to italize the text for the note.

Underline Click this icon to underline the text for the note.

Align Left Click this icon to left justify the text for the note.

Centre Click this icon to center justify the text for the note.

Align Right Click this icon to right justify the text for the note.1-8

Aspen HYSYS Refining Overview 1-93. Click in the large text field and type your comments.

The date and time when you last modified the information in the text field will appear below your comments.

Notes ManagerThe Notes Manager lets you search for and manage notes for a case.

To access the Notes Manager do one of the following:

Select Notes Manager command from the Flowsheet menu.

Bullets Click this icon to apply bullets to the text for the note.

Insert Object Click this icon to insert an object (for example an image) in the note.

The information you enter in the Notes tab or page of any operations can also be viewed from the Notes Manager property view.

Object Icon Description1-9

1-10 Common Property Views Press the CTRL G hot key.

View/Add/Edit Notes

To view, add, or edit notes for an object, select the object in the List of Objects group. Existing object notes appear in the Note group.

To add a note, type the text in the Note group. A time and date stamp appears automatically.

To format note text, use the text tools in the Note group toolbar. You can also insert graphics and other objects.

Click the Clear button to delete the entire note for the selected object.

Click the View button to open the property view for the selected object.

Search Notes

The Notes Manager allows you to search notes in three ways:

Figure 1.2

Click the Plus icon to expand the tree browser.1-10

Aspen HYSYS Refining Overview 1-11 Select the View Objects with Notes Only checkbox (in the List of Objects group) to filter the list to show only objects that have notes.

Select the Search notes containing the string checkbox, then type a search string. Only objects with notes containing that string appear in the object list.You can change the search option to be case sensitive by selecting the Search is Case Sensitive checkbox.The case sensitive search option is only available if you are searching by string.

Select the Search notes modified since checkbox, then type a date.Only objects with notes modified after this date will appear in the object list.

1.2.4 User Variables Page/TabThe User Variables page or tab enables you to create and implement variables in the HYSYS simulation case.

Figure 1.31-11

1-12 Common Property ViewsThe following table outlines options in the user variables toolbar:

Object Icon Function

Current Variable Filter drop-down list

Enables you to filter the list of variables in the table based on the following types:

All Real Enumeration Text Code Only Message

Create a New User Variable icon

Enables you to create a new user variable and access the Create a New User Variable property view.

Edit the Selected User Variable icon

Enables you to edit the configuration of an existing user variable in the table.You can also open the edit property view of a user variable by double-clicking on its name in the table.

Delete the Selected User Variable icon

Enables you to delete the select user variable in the table.HYSYS requires confirmation before proceeding with the deletion. If a password has been assigned to the User Variable, the password is requested before proceeding with the deletion.

Sort Alphabetically icon

Enables you to sort the user variable list in ascending alphabetical order.

Sort by Execution Order icon

Enables you to sort the user variable list according to the order by which they are executed by HYSYS. Sorting by execution order is important if your user variables have order dependencies in their macro code. Normally, you should try and avoid these types of dependencies.

Move Selected Variable Up In Execution Order icon

Enables you to move the selected user variable up in execution order.

Move Selected Variable Down In Execution Order icon

Enables you to move the selected user variable down in the execution order.

Show/Hide Variable Enabling Checkbox icon

Enables you to toggle between displaying or hiding the Variable Enabling checkboxes associated with each user variable. By default, the checkboxes are not displayed.1-12

Aspen HYSYS Refining Overview 1-13

CrVaAdd a User Variable

To add a user variable:

1. Access the User Variables page or tab in the object property view.

2. Click the Create a New User Variable icon. The Create New User Variable property view appears.

3. In the Name field, type in the user variable name.

4. Fill in the rest of the user variable parameters as indicated by the figure below.

You can define your own filters on the Filters tab of the user variable editing property view.

Figure 1.4

eate a New User riable icon

Code field

Allows you to add password security to the user variable.

Select the data type, dimension, and unit type using these drop-down list.

These tabs contain more options for configuring the user variable. 1-13

1-14 Common Property Views1-14

The Petroleum Assay 2-1

-1

2 The Petroleum Assay

2.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2

2.1.1 The Centroid Point.................................................................... 4

2.2 The Petroleum Assay Manager Window ......................................... 6

2.2.1 Adding and Editing Petroleum Assays .......................................... 72.2.2 About Importing Petroleum Assays ............................................. 82.2.3 Importing a PIMS Assay ............................................................ 82.2.4 Importing a CrudeManager Assay ............................................. 112.2.5 Importing an Assay in CSV format ............................................ 122.2.6 Importing an Assay in HySYS Oil Format ................................... 132.2.7 Characterizing an Assay Using a Macro-Cut Table........................ 172.2.8 Exporting Petroleum Assays..................................................... 222.2.9 Creating User-Defined Blending Rules ....................................... 232.2.10 Miscellaneous SimDist Distillation Types................................... 252.2.12 Improving D86 5% and D86 95% Point Prediction..................... 27

2.3 The Petroleum Assay Window...................................................... 29

2.3.1 Setup Tab.............................................................................. 292.3.2 The Assay Data Tab ................................................................ 302.3.3 Analysis Tab .......................................................................... 402.3.4 Estimation Tab ....................................................................... 402.3.5 Notes Tab.............................................................................. 412

2-2 Introduction

2.1 IntroductionIn a refinery, a typical crude oil stream consists of the following characteristics:

A mixture of many naturally occurring hydrocarbons with boiling points ranging from -160C (Methane) to more than 1500C.

Heavy fractions that are not mixtures of discretely identifiable components. These heavy fractions are often lumped together and identified as the plus-fraction starting from C7+ to C12+.

Each crude oil has unique molecular and chemical characteristics and no crude oil types are identical. Assay data helps refiners to determine whether a crude oil feedstock is compatible for use in a particular petroleum refinery or if the crude oil could cause yield, quality, production, environmental or other problems.

A proper description of the physical properties of the plus-fractions is essential for reliable phase behavior calculations and compositional modelling studies. Assay data helps refiners to determine whether a crude oil feedstock is compatible for use in a particular petroleum refinery or if the crude oil could cause yield, quality, production, environmental or other problems.

Aspen HYSYS Refining contains a database, the petroleum assay, that you can use to store and calculate the physical and petroleum properties of the crude oil stream.

The petroleum assay is a vector that stores physical properties and assay properties for a specific component list. Physical properties include all properties used in a typical HYSYS simulation case. Assay properties comprise refinery related properties as cloud point, octane numbers, flash point, freeze point, sulphur content, PONA distribution, GC data and etc. 2-2


A component list typically consists of library components (for instance, methane to n-pentane) and pseudo-components

(hypothetical components). Aspen HYSYS Refining is based on a flexible structure so that no pre-defined list of pseudo-components is required. Moreover, existing lists of pseudo-components created by the HYSYS Oil Environment can be used in Aspen HYSYS Refining. Each component stores a value of a physical and assay property.

The assay properties are usually imported from an assay management system, as for instance, CrudeManager(TM)-Aspen HYSYS Refining Link from Spiral Software Ltd. At the Simulation Environment, each stream may have its own petroleum assay, that is, the physical and assay properties of components on one stream may differ from other streams. Bulk values for assay properties are calculated using specific lumping rules. When process streams are mixed together on any HYSYS or Aspen HYSYS Refining operation, a new petroleum assay is created and special blending rules are employed to re-calculate the physical and assay properties.

HYSYS Refining is based upon a flexible structure that allows a user to characterize this petroleum assay using the least available data and using rigorous laboratory data. The user does not need to have data in the RefSYS format mentioned above, RefSYS can take data in different formats and transmute it into an internal petroleum assay format. Following are the major ways to characterize and generate a petroleum assay.

If you do not have the Aspen HYSYS Refining license, you cannot create or import a petroleum assay using the options in the Petroleum Assay Manager window.2-3

2-4 Introduction

You can create a petroleum assay using the options in the Petroleum Assay Manager window or in the Oil Manager tab. The

differences between the petroleum assays created in Petroleum Assay Manager and Oil Manager are listed in the following table:

2.1.1 The Centroid PointIn Aspen HYSYS Refining, the centroid boiling point of the cuts, represented by hypocomponents initial boiling points (IBPs) and final boiling points (FBPs), and their yields are calculated by plotting the boiling point curves of the cuts in the crude oil stream versus their yields.

Each cut is identified by an initial and final boiling point temperature. The centroid point is the boiling point temperature associated with the mid percent-yield of the corresponding cut. The mid percent-yield is the half-way % volume point between the % volume of the initial and final boiling point.

Oil Manager Petroleum Assay Manager

Each installed blend has its own component list.

One component list is shared among multiple assays.

Property values are not calculated based on blending rules, because each assay has its own component list.

Contains blending rule equations for more accurate calculation.

Lets you modify a few petroleum properties.

Lets you modify more petroleum properties.

Simplified options to characterize a petroleum assay.

Advanced options to characterize a petroleum assay.

The normal boiling point of hypo components is the centroid (average) boiling point.

The normal boiling point of hypo components is the final boiling point.2-4


Refer to the figure below:1. Steps #2 and #3 are repeated to generate the boiling point temperatures for all of the hypocomponents.

2. For library components, the centroid boiling temperature is set to their normal boiling point.

Figure 2.1

The final boiling point temperature is assigned as the hypocomponents boiling point temperature. The centroid boiling point is used to estimate the physical properties of the component.

Tem

per

ature

% Volume

Vol 2Vol 1

Vol 1 = Vol 2

CentroidnFBPn

IBPn2-5

2-6 The Petroleum Assay Manager

2.2 The Petroleum Assay Manager

Window

The Petroleum Assay Manager window lets you create, manipulate, import, and export petroleum assays.

To access the Petroleum Assay Manager window:

1. In the menu bar, select Basis | Basis Manager to open the Simulation Basis Manager window.

2. Click the RefSYS Assay Manager tab.

If you do not have the Aspen HYSYS Refining license, the simulation case will not access petroleum assays.

Figure 2.2

To create a petroleum assay, you must first specify a list of components and configure a fluid package for the case.

If you are importing a petroleum assay from a file, you do not have to specify components or a fluid package.2-6


The following table lists and describes the objects in the Petroleum Assay Manager window:2.2.1 Adding and Editing Petroleum Assays

To add a new petroleum assay:

1. Click Basis > Basis Manager to open the Simulation Basis Manager window.


3. In the Petroleum Assay Manager window click Add/Import. Use tabs of the Petroleum Assay window to enter information for a new assay.

Object Description

Petroleum Assays field

Displays the petroleum assays available in the simulation case.

View/Export Opens the Petroleum Assay window of an existing petroleum assay. Accesses the export functions for supported third party and .csv formats.

Add/Import Creates a blank petroleum assay, where you can enter your own petroleum assay properties or import other supported assay file formats.

Delete Deletes the selected petroleum assay from the simulation case.

Copy Creates a copy of the selected petroleum assay.

Import PIMS Imports a petroleum assay or assays in PIMS format. (PIMS files allow the presence of several assays in one file, so you may import multiple assays directly into the Assay Manager. For other import formats, you first add a new assay, then use the Properties view for that assay to import the individual assay data.)

Export PIMS Exports the selected petroleum assay or assays to a PIMS file.

Property Blending Methods table

Lets you change the equations used to calculate the petroleum properties.

Petroleum radio button

Filters the information in the Property Blending Methods table to display only HYSYS default petroleum properties.

User radio button Filters the information in the Property Blending Methods table to display only HYSYS non-default/user created petroleum properties.

Settings Lets you set the assay initial and final boiling points, and D2887 Options.2-7


To edit an existing petroleum assay:

1. Click Basis > Basis Manager to open the Simulation Basis

Manager window.


3. In the Petroleum Assay Manager window, select the assay you want to edit and click View. Use the tabs of the Petroleum Assay window to edit the existing assay.

2.2.2 About Importing Petroleum Assays You may import a petroleum assay in legacy HYSYS Oil format, Aspen PIMS format, Spiral Ltd. CrudeManager format, macro-cut table format, or from a text-based .CSV file.

You can also import an H/CAMS CAL-II assay by editing the CAL-II output file as described in the section: Appendix - Converting an H/CAMS assay to PIMS format and importing the data as a PIMS assay.

2.2.3 Importing a PIMS Assay Aspen PIMS is an enterprise-wide planning application which provides optimized feedstock evaluation, product slate optimization, plant design, and operational execution. Aspen PIMS has its own format of petroleum assay data. Each component and property has tags and values associated with it. Generally this data is in macro-cut form (components with large boiling point ranges).

Note: PIMS format allows the presence of several assys in one file, so you may import multiple assays directly into the Assay Manager. For other import formats, use Add/Import.2-8


To Import a PIMS AssayThere are two ways to import a PIMS assay file. You can import while maintaining the component granularity available in the PIMS format, or import using the predefined granularity in HYSYS Refining.

General Comments:

The Bulk property value in the PIMS assay file is not imported (HYSYS Refining has a manipulator unit operation to shift the bulk properties)

Index-based properties are imported as user-properties.

When a PIMS file with multiple assays is imported through the Petroleum Assay form, the first assay stored in the PIMS assay CSV file is imported.

Standard liquid density, boiling point and composition should be available for all the components in the PIMS csv file, if not, HYSYS Refining will fail to import it.

If some properties are not monotonous (e.g. Standard liquid density vs NBP curve) HYSYS Refining will fail to import the CSV file.

To import a PIMS assay maintaining the PIMS format component granularity

1. In the Simulation Basis Manager, click the RefSYS Assay Manager tab..

2. In the Refsys: Petroleum Assay Manager window click Import PIMS.

3. In the PIMS Assay Import window, uncheck "Use Existing Fluid Package." Click Import.

4. Use the file browser to select the input file.

5. In the Select Assay to Import window, select the individual assays to be imported from the PIMS assay file and optionally input a name to be used in HYSYS Refining. Click OK.

6. Depending on the component name tag in the PIMS assay, HYSYS Refining determines whether a given component is a hypothetical or pure component. Use the Import PIMS 2-9


Assay: Components window to review and confirm import information and name the hypothetical components. Click

Next to finish.

7. Use the Import PIMS Assay: Property Mapping window to Map PIMS properties with HYSYS Refining properties.

8. Input the units of PIMS properties to be imported.

9. Review the User Property status of the imported properties (If the PIMS property is not available in HYSYS Refining then the property will be imported as a User Property).

10.Check whether the property should be imported or not.

11.Click Done to finish. You are prompted to create an Aspen Properties components list. If Yes, the wizard creates an Aspen Properties component list and assigns properties to it. If No, a HYSYS list is created. The PIMS assay is imported.

To Import a PIMS assay using predefined component granularity in HYSYS Refining:

1. In the Simulation Basis Manager, click the RefSYS Assay Manager tab.

2. In the Petroleum Assay Manager window click Import PIMS.

3. In the PIMS Assay Import window, check "Use Existing Fluid Package." Select a package from the drop-down list. Click Import.


5. In the Select Assay to Import window, select the individual assays to be imported from the PIMS assay file and optionally input a name to be used in HYSYS Refining. Click OK.

6. Depending on the component name tag in the PIMS assay, HYSYS Refining determines whether a given component is a hypothetical or pure component. Use the Import PIMS Assay: Components window to review and confirm import information and name the hypothetical components. (Notice that the hypothetical name can't be changed because PIMS Hypothetical components are mapped to the existing fluid package's Hypothetical components.) Click Next to finish.2-10


7. Use the Import PIMS Assay: Property Mapping window to Map PIMS properties with HYSYS Refining properties8. Input the units of PIMS properties to be imported

9. Review the User Property status of the imported property (If the PIMS property is not available in HYSYS Refining then the property will be imported as User Property.)

10.Determine whether the property should be imported or not.

11.Click Done to finish. You are prompted to create an Aspen Properties components list. If Yes, the wizard creates an Aspen Properties component list and assigns properties to it. If No, a HYSYS list is created. The PIMS assay is imported.

A matrix of component names and properties is created. The Spline extrapolation method is used to generate HYSYS Refining properties for the existing fluid package. The following data is used:

"PIMS component NBP (known) vs. Property value (known)

"HYSYS Refining component NBP (known) vs. Property (un-known).

Various issues are considered for this curve-fitting - such as whether a property is monotonous or not, if minimum and maximum value of property should be obeyed (0 and 100 for percentage type properties). This happens for important properties and not for all the properties.

Note: When importing PIMS assays into HYSYS Refining, it is not possible to meet bulk properties such as Kvalue, Reid VP, or True VP because these properties are difficult to manipulate and are derived from physical properties.

2.2.4 Importing a CrudeManager AssayCrudeManager is a third-party database from Spiral Software Ltd. that provides a central source of up-to-date crude oil information. It uses advanced statistical methods to update existing assays and predict missing data. 2-11


Note: Most refiners rely on a CrudeManager type of database. Because CrudeManager has a large property database and

advanced method of property calculations this is a preferred way.

To Import an Assay from CrudeManager

When you have set up a property package and a fluid package in the Simulation Manager:

1. In the Simulation Basis Manager, click Extended Simulation Basis Manager.

2. In the Refsys: Petroleum Assay Manager window click Add/Import.

3. In the Petroleum Assay window, Click Crude Manager.

4. In the CrudeManager application, select the assay to import, and click the Transfer to Refsys icon in the toolbar. The CrudeManager information is imported into the new assay.

2.2.5 Importing an Assay in CSV format The CSV file (.csv) is a comma separated value format file which can be edited using standard text or spreadsheet editors. This file consists of a matrix of component names (pure and hypothetical) and property values.

To Import an Assay in CSV format

Prepare the CSV file, entering hypothetical component names and their properties in HYSYS Refining units (for example, the boiling point should be entered in Kelvin).

The minimum requirements are:

Normalized composition

boiling temperature (Kelvin)

standard liquid density (kg/m3).2-12


1. In the Simulation Basis Manager, click the RefSYS Assay Manager tab.2. In the Refsys: Petroleum Assay Manager window click Add/Import.

3. In the Petroleum Assay window, click CSV Format.


HYSYS Refining imports the CSV file and generates a petroleum assay. A new fluid package and component slate is created.

If an imported component name exists in the HYSYS Refining pure component database, HYSYS will create a pure component, otherwise a hypothetical component will be created. Hypothetical component properties will be imported. There is no crude-cutting occurring in this option.

Notes:

This file determines the granularity of the HYSYS Refining component slate, so if you want granular data and you do not have a crude-cutting tool this is not the best option.

If you have an external crude-cutting tool which can populate the matrix in this CSV file then this option is suitable. In fact, crude manager assay import mechanism is similar.

2.2.6 Importing an Assay in HySYS Oil Format

HySYS Oil Manager is a legacy tool in HYSYS Refining that lets you input assay data and characterize the assay in a proprietary HYSYS format.

When you import a legacy HYSYS assay into Aspen HYSYS Refining, the user properties defined in HYSYS oil should be transferred to their corresponding Aspen HYSYS Refining properties. However, because HYSYS names are limited to 12 characters, they will frequently not match their corresponding Aspen HYSYS Refining names, which may be longer.2-13


As a workaround for this, some editing is neccessary after the import and before the assay is used in a simulation. Aspen

HYSYS Refining is set up to recognize certain under-12 character property names from HYSYS, and to pass their values to the correct Aspen HYSYS Refining property names.

See the Appendix - HYSYS User Property Aliases for Aspen HYSYS Refining in the Petroleum Methods and Correlations chapter for a mapping table of these names and aliases. After the HYSYS assay import, you should rename the HYSYS user properties using the aliases in the table, so their values will be applied to their associated Aspen HYSYS Refining properties. The table lists the Aspen HYSYS Refining user property names on the left, and the associated aliases on the right.

When the HYSYS user property is renamed using the alias, and the assay is recalculated, the imported HYSYS properties are applied to the correct Aspen HYSYS Refining property names.

To Import an Assay in HySYS Oil Format

If you already have a HYSYS Oil assay available:

1. Create the necessary Hypothetical components in the component list (consistent with the oil to be imported -there should be enough Hypotheticals in a given boiling range)


3. In the Petroleum Assay Manager window click Add/Import.

4. In the Petroleum Assay window, click HYSYS Oil.

5. Select a HYSYS Oil assay from the drop down list in the Available Assays field. Click OK.

The HySYS Oil assay is imported to a HYSYS Refining Petroleum Assay.

A blend is created in the HySYS Oil Environment using the selected HySYS oil. The "User- Range" cut method is used in order to calculate blend composition. HYSYS Refining Hypothetical NBPs are used to define the cut end point.2-14


Once the blend is calculated its hypo-composition and properties are transferred to HYSYS Refining hypo-composition and

properties. User-properties are mapped to HYSYS Refining properties - mapping is available elsewhere.

Notes:

This method lets you enter various distillation types in the HySYS oil environment. Reproducibility of results using various distillation methods is poor.

Bulk properties for non mass/mol/volume blending properties might not match well.

Importing HYSYS Oil Assays: Component List Options

An Aspen HYSYS Refining petroleum assay contains an option that lets you re-use assay information from old HYSYS cases and place them into an Aspen HYSYS Refining petroleum assay.

There are two ways of importing the assay information:

keep the original component list from the old HYSYS Oil case.

apply the imported assay information to a new component list.

The imported HYSYS Oil assay does not contain any petroleum property information. So after you have imported the HYSYS assay into an Aspen HYSYS Refining assay, you can supply the petroleum property data using the CrudeManager or Edit Properties option in the Information TabXX Look for renamed views XXX of the Petroleum Assay window.

You cannot re-use/import the blending information from a legacy HYSYS assay into an Aspen HYSYS Refining assay. The blend/cut information is always recalculated during the import process (using the predefined component list).2-15


Keeping the Original Component List

To import the HYSYS assay information into an Aspen HYSYS

Refining petroleum assay, while keeping the existing component list from the old case:

1. In the Petroleum Assay Manager window, click Add/Import.

2. In the Petroleum Assay window, select the fluid package (associated with the HYSYS Oil Characterization assay) in the Associated Fluid Pkg drop-down list.

3. Click HYSYS Oil.

4. From the Select Assay drop-down list select the assay you want to import.

5. Click OK.

Using a New Component List

To import the HYSYS assay information into an Aspen HYSYS Refining petroleum assay with a new component list:

Do one of the following:

Import a component list and create a new fluid package to be associated to the imported component list.

Create a new component list from scratch and create a new fluid package to be associated to the new component list.

Import a fluid package containing the new component list.

1. In the Simulation Basis Manager window, click the Oil Manager tab.

2. From the Associated Fluid Package field select the copied fluid package.


4. In the Petroleum Assay Manager window, click Add/Import.

5. In the Petroleum Assay window, select the copied fluid package in the Associated Fluid Pkg drop-down list.

6. Click HYSYS Oil.2-16


7. In the Available Assays window, select the assay you want to import.8. Click OK.

2.2.7 Characterizing an Assay Using a Macro-Cut Table

HYSYS Refining lets you enter assay data in the Petroleum Assay environment, and a stream's composition ply in a matrix format. This matrix is accessible in the Aspen Simulation Workbook environment or through OLE, so you can generate an assay through an Excel workbook. (Note: The matrix must be attached to a stream.)

You can enter various extrapolation options, for example, if you want to extrapolate a property beyond the data range given or not, you can specify whether the property is monotonous or not. You may also enter a bulk property value.

Unlike the PIMS assay format and CSV format which let you enter the data in TBP distillation form only, this option lets you enter D86, D2887 and D1160 distillation curves.

Assay Characterization Using Macro Cut Procedure

It is assumed that

the light ends and distillation curves are in the same basis.

The distillation curve includes light end information.

Light end composition will be assigned to pure components as is. The distillation curve in any basis will be converted to TBP basis using API correlations.

The Hypo Component normal boiling point is assumed as its final boiling point. Firstly, the hypo components composition will be determined by performing a curve-fitting exercise TBP temperature (X) vs. Yield (Y) and Hypo NBP temperature (Xcalc) vs. Hypo composition (Ycalc - ?). This curve fitting is performed on cumulative level.2-17


Since it is assumed that distillation data includes light ends information, the first hypo component (the lightest one) will

have a summation of hypo component composition and all the lighter pure component composition. Hence, all the lighter pure components composition will be subtracted from the first hypo composition and will be assigned to the corresponding pure components.

If there is any pure component which boils at a temperature higher than the lightest hypo boiling temperature, this situation is called "overlap between pure component and hypo component." In Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining, this situation is generally avoided. Instead, GC properties are used. For example, there are two ways to model Benzene composition in assay stream:

1. [Not Recommended] Create Benzene as a pure component. (Boiling Temperature = 80.09 C). In this case there will be an overlap between Benzene as a pure component and a hypo component that boils between 80 C and 90 C.

2. [Recommended] Use GC Property - A C6 Benzene Vol Pct / A C6 Benzene Wt Pct. This property will be non-zero for any hypo component that boils between 80 C and 90 C.

To model case - 1, using macrocut (which assumes the distillation contains pure component data), after performing a curve fitting exercise, you need to remove the supplied Benzene composition from hypo composition 80-90*. This procedure sometimes creates the problem because a curve-fitted composition for hypo 80-90* is an approximate composition, and when you subtract the Benzene composition from this, the resultant number may turn out to be negative. Hence the accuracy of the macro cut assay is compromised - this way of modeling a pure component is not recommended.

To model case - 2, you should further characterize a macro-cut formulated assay in the petroleum assay environment, where there is an option to characterize GC property data. For more information see the Section - Characterization of GC data2-18


The following process is used to assign properties to components:1. Pure components petroleum properties are read from the purecomponentpetroleumprops.csv file which is available in your installation folder.

2. It is assumed that a cut - property for a given fraction is an average property between initial boiling point and final boiling point of the fraction.

3. The middle temperature of a fraction is determined first as (Initial Boiling Temperature + Final Boiling Temperature) / 2.0.

4. Curve fitting is performed as Middle temperature (given) vs. Cut Property (given) and Hypo Centroid Temperature (given) vs. Hypo Property ( calculated ??)

5. When the bulk values are supplied, the hypo component property curve will be shifted up and down to match the bulk values supplied.

There are several options available for property manipulations using the macro-cut form. This option form appears when you double-click on a macro-cut.

To Characterize an Assay Using a Macro-Cut Table


2. In the Petroleum Assay Manager window click Add/Import.

3. In the Petroleum Assay window, click Macro-cut Table.

4. In the MacroCut Data Window, select the Distillation type, Distillation base and number of data point records to add, and click "Add". The base matrix is created.

5. Specify the distillation temperature vs. yield information. (Data is a cumulative percentage. The first data point includes the light ends.)

6. Click Light Ends to specify light end yields and click Accept. (Light Ends should be until C5. Anything heavier than C5 will be accounted in Hypothetical composition. For accuracy purposes, user should not input composition for pure components heavier than C5.)2-19


7. To add a new property to the matrix, select a property from the Property drop-down and click Add Property. (HYSYS

Refining requires full information for "Liquid Density". Any other properties it is not necessary to have complete information for all the cuts.)

8. Once the necessary properties are inserted, double click a property column to enter advanced options such as whether this property is monotonous or not, whether to extrapolate this property or not and the bulk value of the property.

9. Click Generate Assay to generate a Petroleum Assay.

Any other distillation basis (D86, D2887 or D1160) information is converted to TBP basis. TBP vs. property values are curve fitted to HYSYS Refining fluid package's NBP vs. property values. Bulk property values are shifted to given value.

Macro Cut User Property Table Options

When you add properties to the Macro Cut table, you can set certain options to control calculations applied to them. Double click the column header for for each column to show the options view.

Characterizing an Assay using ASW

To characterize an assay using ASW:

1. Define a fluid package with suitable component list in basis environment.

2. Create a stream in the PFD

Function Description

Extrapolate When checked, property is extrapolated beyond available cut range. On by default, but if extrapolation generates an unreasonable number you can uncheck the box

Monotonous When checked, extrapolation ensures the property curve remains monotonic while curve fitting.

BulkSpec If the bulk property is specified or not.

Multiplier Shift When checked, property curve will be shifted up and down by a common multiplication factor. If not, there will be a common addition factor applied to the property curve to match the given bulk value. The multiplication option is recommended.2-20


3. Click RefSYS Assay Library on the stream properties Worksheet > composition tab.4. In the Stream window, select From MacroCut and click MacroCut Data.

5. In the Macro-Cut Data form, initialize all the data (un-check Live Update when inputting data).

6. Export the Macro-Cut data to the HYSYS spreadsheet unit operation.

7. Start ASW and add a variable using the browser.

8. Defines the units in the variable browser.

9. If you export these variables to an excel workbook, and modify the values and HYSYS Refining stream assay, composition and properties will be changed.

Note: This is the best way to specify an unknown assay into HYSYS Refining automatically.

Converting an H/CAMS assay to PIMS format

There is no direct import for H/CAMS data. However, you can use CAL/LINK or PIMS to generate a PIMS assay file, and then import the PIMS file into Aspen HYSYS Refining. If you do not license either program, you can develop a PIMS or .csv format file in a text editor.

You must make some minor edits to the PIMS file output from Cal-II, and create an .sdb mapping file for the PIMS to Aspen HYSYS Refining import. Here is the workflow for creating and converting the Cal-II output file:

In Cal-II

1. Create slate of components.

2. Identify properties of interest.

3. Generate the PIMS file from Cal-II

In a text editor:

Open the Cal-II PIMS file. Using an SPG line as an example, the Cal-II line format looks like this:2-21


SPGR01;Specific Gravity;0,74051. Remove any lines with the property value of na.

2. Use search and replace to change all of the commas ( , ) to dots, and all of the semicolons (;) to commas:

SPGR01,Specific Gravity,0.7405

3. Make sure each property name begins with the correct PIMS tag. If there is no PIMS tag, add a PIMS tag. If there is a PIMS tag, but it is different from that recognized by Aspen HYSYS Refining, then replace the PIMS tag with an Aspen HYSYS Refining PIMS tag.

Current valid PIMS tags are listed in the file

[install dir]\paks\PIMSAssay.sdb.

Usually the valid PIMS tag is the existing string with a leading I added, for example:

ISPGR01;Specific Gravity;0,7405

Notable exceptions are CutTemperature with a PIMS tag of IFVTR, Mass Fraction with a PIMS tag of WBAL and Volume Fraction with a PIMS tag of VBAL.

4. Save the file with a .csv extension, and close.

You can now import the .csv file as a PIMS assay in the normal way. See Section 2.2.5 - Importing an Assay in CSV format.

2.2.8 Exporting Petroleum AssaysYou can export assays in PIMS, CrudeManager and basic CSV formats.

To export a petroleum assay:

1. Select Basis | Basis Manager from the main menu to open the Simulation Basis Manager view.

2. Click the RefSYS Assay Manager tab. 2-22


3. In the Petroleum Assay Manager view, Select the petroleum assay you want to export from the list in the Petroleum

Assays group.

4. Click View.

5. In the Petroleum Assay view, select the file type for the exported assay by clicking on the appropriate radio button.

CrudeManager exports the assay as a Spiral file. The Spiral file contains the name of the petroleum assay, description, created date, last modified date, a list of components available, and the molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties of each component.

Comma Separated Value File exports the assay as a CSV file. The CSV file is a simple structured data file. The file contains a table of components, and the components molecular weight, normal boiling point, specific gravity, and petroleum properties.

PIMS Assay Format exports the selected assay as an Aspen PIMS file.

2.2.9 Creating User-Defined Blending RulesAspen HYSYS Refining lets you create your own calculation blending method for the petroleum properties. The new blending rule method is created in the Macro Language Editor window.

To create a new blending rule method for a petroleum property:

1. Enter the Simulation Basis Environment.

2. Open the Simulation Basis Manager window.

3. Click the RefSYS Assay Manager tab. The Petroleum Assay Manager window appears.

4. In the Property Blending Methods group, select the Petroleum radio button.

5. In the Petroleum Property table, scroll to find the petroleum property you want to manipulate.

6. Under the Blending Rule column, select the cell beside the petroleum property.2-23


7. Click the down arrow to access the drop-down list, and select User Macro.8. Click the View Macro button that appears above the list.

9. In the Blending Macros window double click the selected property to custom define a blending rule.

10. In the Editing Existing Code Of window, click the Show/Hide Variable Details arrow to access more options in the view.

Use the options in the Edit Existing Code of window to configure the new petroleum property blending rule.

11.Click the OK button to accept the new petroleum assay blending rule.

For more information, refer to the Macro Language Editor Section in the HYSYS User Guide.

Figure 2.32-24


2.2.10 Miscellaneous SimDist Distillation

Types

ASTM Distillation Type

Description AspenTech recommendation

Aspen HYSYSAspen HYSYS

Petroleum Refining

ASTM D2887 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation.

Input the data as TBP Mass Basis (See more details in Section 1).

In Petroleum assay manager, settings button select D2887 option as "Use TBP Mass % Curve". (See More details in Section 1)

ASTM D3710 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of gasoline and gasoline components. This test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions with a final boiling point of 500F (260C) or lowers as measured by this test method.

Input the data as TBP Mass Basis.

Input the data as TBP Mass Basis.

ASTM D7096-05 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of gasoline and liquid gasoline blending components. The distillation data produced by this test method are similar to that which would be obtained from a cryogenic, true boiling point (15 theoretical plates) distillation.

Input the data as TBP (with same composition basis as ASTM D7096 composition basis)

Input the data as TBP (with same composition basis as ASTM D7096 composition basis)2-25


ASTM Distillation Type

Description AspenTech recommendation2.2.11 1.ASTM D2887 (SimDist) to TBP conversion

There are two methods to convert SimDist (SD) to TBP:

1. Treat SimDist data as TBP mass basis distillation data

The assumption that D2887 data is equivalent to TBP distillation may not apply to high-boiling aromatic petroleum fraction. ASTM Method D2887 includes information showing that high boiling aromatic compounds elute early in the D2887 chromatograph relative to normal paraffins used for calibration.

2. API methods

There are two sets of API method to calculate the TBP curve from SimDist (SD) data.

API 1994 Indirect (Ref. 1)

This method converts SimDist (SD) to ASTM D86 data first and then the ASTM D86 data is converted to TBP data using the API 3A1.1 (Ref. 3) method.

ASTM D7169 This test method extends the applicability of simulated distillation to samples that do not elute completely from the chromatographic system. This test method is used to determine the boiling point distribution through a temperature of 720C. This temperature corresponds to the elution of n-C100.

Input data as TBP Mass basis

Input data as TBP Mass basis2-26


API 1994 Direct (Ref. 2)

This method converts SimDist (SD) to TBP directly using the API

3A3.1 method.

These API methods are applicable only to a certain range of temperature differences for SimDist (SD) and ASTM D86 data. Also it should be mentioned that:

the estimation of TBP in the initial and final sections is more error prone.

these API methods predict the TBP data for a few key points - 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100%. The rest of the distillation curve needs to be estimated using curve fitting techniques.

Since the API methods are applicable to a narrow boiling range it is not suitable for a wide range of petroleum fractions. Also, when API methods are applied for the right boiling range, the average absolute error is still as big as the error generated by the assumption that SD is equivalent to TBP Mass basis data. We recommend treating the SD data as TBP data in mass basis.

In the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining petroleum assay manager, when you can click the Settings button,and view a form containing the petroleum assay settings.

In the Aspen HYSYS Oil Manager, if you input the distillation curve for oil, you should manually select the TBP curve in Mass basis when you have laboratory data in (ASTM D2887) SD format.

2.2.12 Improving D86 5% and D86 95% Point Prediction

The API method only predicts a few distillation data points - 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100%. In many cases, the laboratory has data available for the 5% and 95% cut measurements and you would like the simulator to predict these values. Or, you may want to use the 5% and 95% points in your distillation characterization input in order to generate a hypo-component composition. 2-27


Unfortunately you have no control over non-API yield points such as 5% and 95% because these points are the direct

outcome of the interpolation technique used. It should also be noted that there is a large uncertainty in the values for 0% and 100% of the TBP temperature. This error propagates to the initial region (0-10%) and final region (90-100%) of the D86 curve.

In Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining however, you can input the yield values for which IBP and FBP can be determined. This impacts the D86 IBP and D86 FBP temperatures, which in turn impacts the initial and final regions of the D86 curve.

Aspentech uses the LaGrange interpolation method to generate a complete D86 distillation curve from 7 obtained D86 temperatures. Since this method is non-linear it can sometimes fail to provide a consistently good approximation for the interpolated points. This creates a problem with having non-key points (such as 5%, 95%, 75%, etc) used in some sorts of convergence loops (such as column specifications or in an Adjust operation).

In this case, we recommend using a linear interpolation technique to generate the complete distillation curve. This option can be selected in the Petroleum Assay Manager settings.

References

1. Procedure 3A3.2, Chapter 3, API Technical Data Book, Sixth Edition (1994).

2. Procedure 3A3.1, Chapter 3, API Technical Data Book, Sixth Edition (1994).

3. Procedure 3A1.1, Chapter 3, API Technical Data Book, Sixth Edition (1994).2-28


2.3 The Petroleum Assay WindowThe Petroleum Assay window lets you add to, edit or export the properties of an assay selected in the Petroleum Assay Manager.

The window contains:

The Setup tab lets you import and/or create a new petroleum assay.

The Assay Data tab - lets you manipulate the GC data of the petroleum assay.

The Analysis tab - lets you view the types of calculation errors that occur in the petroleum assay.

The Estimation tab - lets you import certain petroleum assay property values based on assumptions and equations.

The Notes tab - lets you specify information regarding the simulation case.

2.3.1 Setup TabThe Setup tab lets you specify the name, associated fluid package, description, properties, and composition of the petroleum assay. You can import information from one of several supported formats.

Figure 2.42-29

2-30 The Petroleum Assay Window

The following table lists and describes the objects available in the Information tab:2.3.2 The Assay Data TabThe Assay Data tab lets you edit the assay composition, component and boiling point properties, calculate bulk properties, set up Gas Chromatography (GC) properties, and examine properties in plot form.

Object Description

Name field Lets you specify the name of the petroleum assay.

Associated Fluid Pkg Lets you select the associated fluid package.

Import From Lets you import data from other assay formats.

Export To Lets you export data to other assay formats.

Reactor Type column Displays the Aspen HYSYS Refining reactor: FCC. (If reactor is present in the flowsheet)The FCC reactor handles petroleum assay differently than the standard HYSYS reactors.For more information on FCC, refer to FCC Operation Guide.

Is Ready? column Displays whether the petroleum assay has been configured to handle the associate reactors.

Yes means the petroleum assay can be use for material streams flowing through the reactor.

No means the petroleum assay cannot be use for material streams flowing through the reactor.

Make Ready? column Lets you configure/prepare the petroleum assay to handle the associate reactor, before entering the simulation environment.Select the appropriate checkbox to prepare the petroleum assay.2-30


Assay Data Composition PageThe Assay Data tab Petroleum Assay Composition window lets you modify the mole fraction of the components in the petroleum assay.

Click Edit Composition to edit the assay composition. The following table lists and describes the objects in the Petroleum Assay Composition window:

The Assay Data Properties Page

The Assay Data tab properties page lets you edit component properties, boiling point properties, and calculate bulk properties.

Figure 2.5

Object Description

Component table Lets you specify the mole fraction of the components in the petroleum assay.

Normalize button Lets you normalize the total composition value to 1.

Cancel button Exits the Petroleum Assay Composition window without saving any of the changes.

Accept button Exits the Petroleum Assay Composition window and save the changes.2-31


The Editing Properties Window

Click Edit Component Properties on the Assay Data tab

Properties page. The Editing Properties Window lets you modify the property values of the petroleum assay.

The Sort By group in the left pane lets you filter the list of properties, in the tree browser below the group, based on the selected radio button:

Property Name. Displays all the properties available (in Aspen HYSYS Refining) in alphabetical order.

Group. Sorts and categorizes the properties based on their characteristic (for example, Thermodynamic, Property Package, Physical, User specified, Petroleum, and so forth).2-32


Type. Sorts the properties based on the value type Assay Data GC Properties Page

The GC (gas chromatography) Data page lets you manipulate the GC data values of the petroleum assay.

There are two types of GC data:

Wide cut GC data is the value based on a lump/group of components within the cut. You can only specify wide cut GC data values in the GC Data Page.

Narrow cut GC data is the value based on individual components within the cut. HYSYS calculates the narrow cut GC data. You cannot specify values for narrow cut data.

they provide (for example, single point value or multiple curve/plot values).

Modify Status. Splits the properties between those that have been already modified by you, and those that still have their default values.2-33


The following table lists and describes the objects in the GC Data tab: Object Description

GC Data Characterization group

Contains the PONA tree that list the wide cut GC data available (in Aspen HYSYS Refining) for manipulation.To select a GC data for manipulation:1. In the GC Data Characterization group, expand the

PONA tree browser by clicking the Plus icon.

2. Expand the branches until you find the GC data you want to manipulate.

3. Select the checkbox beside the GC data you want to manipulate.

GC Data Characterization table

Lets you enter the new values for the selected wide cut data at the specified cut point.

The specified cut point is the wide cut datas true boiling point (TBP) or final boiling point temperature.

The first row only contains the ICP (Initial Cut Point) data, you must leave the rest of the cells in the first row or have a value of 0.

The percentage values are based on the entire crude and not on the cut.

When defining GC component data, if you supply values at a component group level, you cannot define any information in the sub level of the group, and vice versa.

Even Distribution radio button

Distributes the specified values evenly for the narrow cuts within the wide cut GC data.In this option, the calculation is faster and the mass balance is fulfilled. However, the generated values are less realistic.

Normal Distribution radio button

Distributes the specified values in a normal distribution format for the narrow cuts within the wide cut GC data.In this option, the generated values are more realistic. However, the calculation is slower and the mass balance is not fulfilled automatically. You need to manually achieve the mass balance by adjusting the settings in the Edit Property Distribution Parameters Window.

Characterize button

Applies the new GC data values to the petroleum assay.

GC Data radio button

Lets you view and enter individual GC data values in the GC Data Characterization table.2-34


Mat Balance Lets you view the sums up all the specified by-wt and

Object DescriptionPONA Tree Diagram

When defining GC component data, there are several different levels which you can supply the values. There is the group component level, where you supply a general value applicable to a group of components, for example Aromatics for C8. There is the sub group component level, where you supply a specific value for each component in the group component, for example Aromatics for C8 m-Xylene.

The general number of component groups and sub groups are shown in the PONA tree diagram (see Figure 2.6).

If you supply values at a component group level, you cannot define any information in the sub group level, and vice versa. For example, if you define N C6, you cannot define N C6 cyc-C5 or N C6 cyc-C6. If you define a component data at sub level you cannot define N C6.

radio button by-vol GC data values (Wt Pct Entered and Vol Pct Entered) in the GC Data Characterization table. The sum values indicate the amount available for the Crude by Wt and by Vol (Total Crude Wt Pct and Total Crude Vol Pct). For example, if you over specified by entering more than is available, you can click the Normalize button to change the specified amount to the available amount and have all the GC data changed accordingly.

Advance Settings button

Opens the Edit Property Distribution Parameters Window.

View Results button

Opens the Characterized GC Data Results Window, which displays the calculated GC data values based on the modification.

The sum of the percentage values in each wide cut GC data column cannot surpass 100.

An error message appears if your GC components are not in MW order, but this error does not stop the calculation.2-35


Abbreviations of the Wide Cut GC Data

The following table lists the abbreviations and full name of the

wide cut GC data in the GC Data tab:

Abbreviations Full Name Abbreviations Full Name

A Aromatics On Normal Olefins

N Naphthenes ON Naphthenic Olefins

O Olefins Pi Iso Paraffins

P Paraffins Pn Normal Paraffins

Oi Iso Olefins2-36


Figure 2.62-37

2-38 The Petroleum Assay WindowEdit Property Distribution Parameters Window

Click Advanced Settings on the Assay Data tab GC Properties page. Use the Edit Property Distribution Parameters window to manipulate the maximum boiling point temperature and standard deviation of the selected GC data property.

Characterization of GC data

1. Enter the initial and final boiling point.

2. Select the GC components from the GC tree. (Please follow the rules mentioned above)

3. Enter the TBP values in first column.

The first row is the Initial Cut Point. Leave the data in first row as or zero value.

The next rows are the Final Cut Point. The summation of GC data for all other rows should be 100.0 %.

Click the Characterize button. HYSYS will calculate the GC property value of hypothetical components.

Note: Summation of particular GC data allocated to all the hypo components should add up to the summation of GC data for all the distillation ranges. (i.e. Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining ensures mass/volume balance of GC data).

When GC data is imported from a third party tool such as Spiral Crude Manger - Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining first populates the GC data table as mentioned above and the Characterize command is issued.

Characterized GC Data Results Window

Click View Results on the Assay Data tab GC Properties page. This window displays the calculated narrow cut GC data values based on the modifications made on the GC Properties page.

The Viewing Options group contains the following options that

Properties such as A C6 Benzene, which represents pure components, will have a very small standard deviation of the order of 0.5 or lower.

Properties such as Pi C8, which has a wider boiling point distribution will have a higher standard deviation.2-38

manipulate the information displayed in the table:

The Petroleum Assay 2-39 By Weight radio button displays the GC data information associated to the component's weight.

By Volume radio button displays the GC data information associated to the component's volume.

User Selected Props radio button displays just the GC data that you have manipulated.

All Props radio button displays all the GC data.

Assay Data Plots Page

The Plots tab displays the petroleum property values in graph format.

Figure 2.72-39

2-40 The Petroleum Assay Window2.3.3 Analysis TabThe Analysis tab displays errors encountered when constructing the petroleum assay.

2.3.4 Estimation TabThe Estimation tab lets you import some petroleum assay property values based on assumptions and equations. The options in this tab is particularly useful if you do not have the raw data and want to generate some estimate values.

The Assay Properties Estimation list displays the list of properties for which estimation is currently implemented.

The Estimation Methods button lets you access the Estimation Methods window.

In the Estimation Methods window, you can select different estimation method (using the appropriate drop-down list) for the properties in the Assay Properties Estimation list.

The first column in the Assay Properties Estimation table

Object Description

Warning Level column

Displays the error level that indicates the seriousness of the associate errors:

Low indicates the error will only affect the associate property under the Warning Source column.

High indicates the error will affect the associate property under the Warning Source column and reactors that require the property value to perform calculation.

Critical indicates the error will affect the associate property under the Warning Source column and reactors that require the property value to perform calculation.

Warning Source column

Displays which petroleum assay property or parameter is affected or caused the error.

Warning column Displays the cause of the error and what operations will be affected by the error.

Resolve PONA button Lets you normalize the GC data values, so that the sum of the GC data values equal 100%.

Analyze button Lets you activate the analysis option in the Analysis tab and view any errors in the active petroleum assay.

A pre-selected estimation method is used for each property, although various known estimation methods might exist.2-40

displays the list of components in the petroleum assay.

The Petroleum Assay 2-41 The Values column displays the current component values of the selected petroleum property. These values are specified by you in the Information tab or imported from the petroleum assay properties files (*.csv, *.pet, *.xml, and Spiral).

The Estimated column displays the component values of the selected petroleum property if they were to be estimated.

The Aniline Point, MON (Clear), Refractive Index, and Sulfur Content are estimated using methods from the following documents: 1"Use of the Refractive Index in the Estimation of Thermophysical

Properties of Hydrocarbons and Petroleum Mixtures", Mohammad R. Riazi and Yousef A. Roomi, Chemical Engineering Department, Kuwait University, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001, Vol. 40, No.8.

2Estimation of Sulfur Content of Petroleum Products and Crude Oils, Mohammad R. Riazi, Nasrin Nasimi, and Yousef A. Roomi, Chemical Engineering Department, Kuwait University, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1999, Vol 38, No.11.

The Accept button lets you discard the current component values and replace them with the estimated values.

2.3.5 Notes TabThe Notes tab provides a text editor where you can record any comments or information regarding the specific unit operation or the simulation case in general.

If the estimated value is , HYSYS was unable to calculate an estimate value. If you tried to accept the estimated value one of two events occur:

If the current value is also , HYSYS leaves the selected petroleum property value as unknown.

If the current value is not , HYSYS leaves the selected petroleum property value as the current value.2-41

2-42 Aspen HYSYS Refining Unit Tags2.4 Aspen HYSYS Refining Unit Tags

In a PIMS assay file, there are commands to designate units to the variable values. In the command, you must use the correct unit tag name recognized by Aspen HYSYS Refining.

The following table is the Aspen HYSYS Refining unit tag along with the description of what units the tag represent:

Tags are case sensitive. You must use the correct name for Aspen HYSYS Refining to recognize the unit tags in the PIMS assay file.

Tag Name = Unit Tag Name = Unit Tag Name = Unit

kPa = kilo pascalsMPa = mega pascals

psia = pounds per square inch absolute

bar = barmbar = millibar

psi = pound per square inch

N/m2 = newton per square meter

lbf/ft2 = pounds-force per square foot

kg/cm2 = kilogram per square centimeter

torr = millimeter of mercurymmHg = millimeter of mercury

atm = technical atmosphereat = physical atmosphere

cmH2O(4C) = centimeter of water at 4 degrees CelsiusinH2O(60F) = inch of water at 60 degrees Fahrenheit

inHg(32F) = inch of mercury at 32 degrees FahrenheitinHg(60F) = inch of mercury at 60 degrees Fahrenheit

MJ/h = mega joule per hourkJ/min = kilo joule per minutekJ/s = kilo joule per second

kW = kilo wattMW = mega watt

kcal/h = kilo calories per hourcal/h = calories per hour

Btu/h = british thermal unit per hourMMBtu/hr = millions of british thermal unit per hour

hp = horse power Mkcal/h = mega kilo calories per hour

kgmole/m3 = kilogram mole per cubic meter

C = Celsius gmole/L = gram mole per litre

lbmole/ft3 = pound mole per cubic foot

K = Kelvin g/cm3 = gram per cubic centimeter

lb/ft3 = pound per cubic foot

F = Fahrenheit API = american petroleum institute

SG_60/60api = standard gravity

R = Rankine cP = centipoisemP = millipoisemicroP = micropoise

dyne/cm = dyne per centimeterdyn/cm = dyne per centimeter

cSt = centistokes Pa-s = pascal second lbf/ft = pound force per foot2-42

The Petroleum Assay 2-43kgmole/min = kilogram mole per minutegmole/h = gram mole per hour

lbmole/hr = pound mole per hourlbmole/h = pound mole per hour

MMSCFH = million standard cubic feet per minuteMMSCFD = million standard cubic feet per day

g/s = gram per secondkg/d = kilogram per day

tonne/d = metric tonne per daytonne/h = metric tonne per hour

lb/hr = pound per hourklb/day = kilo pound per day

tn(short)/h = short ton per hour

m3/h = cubic meter per hour

L/d = litre per day

barrel/day = barrel per day

kbpd = thousand barrels per day

USGPM = US gallons per minute

ft3/day = cubic fee per day

in = inch miles = mile

m = meter ft = feet km/h = kilometer per hour

ft/s = feet per second MPH = miles per hour seconds = second

weeks = week months = month years = year

days = day hours = hour minutes = minute

Tag Name = Unit Tag Name = Unit Tag Name = Unit2-43

2-44 Aspen HYSYS Refining Unit Tags2-44

Assay Manipulator 3-1

3 Assay Manipulator

3.1 Introduction................................................................................... 2

3.2 Assay Manipulator Property View .................................................. 3

3.2.1 Design Tab .............................................................................. 43.2.2 Assay Tab................................................................................ 63.2.3 Worksheet Tab ....................................................................... 113-1

3-2 Introduction3.1 IntroductionThe Assay Manipulator allows you to change the petroleum assay properties of a material stream, without the need to supply any theoretical equations or calculations to obtain the property values.

The common reasons to change the petroleum assay property values are:

HYSYS does not have an operation that simulates a piece of equipment, in the actual plant, which changes the petroleum assay properties.

There are no petroleum assay data that mimic the actual petroleum assay curves.

The output petroleum properties of a HYSYS operation does not imitate the output petroleum properties from an actual plant operation.

There is a need to conduct a sensitivity analysis on the simulation plant to see if a slight change in petroleum properties will affect the quality of the products.

Assay Manipulator supplies two ways to modify the petroleum assay properties:

Change properties. In this option, you can modify values of an individual petroleum property (for example, sulfur content of a hypothetical component).

Shift properties. In this option, you can specify a target bulk value of a petroleum property in the stream (for example, the RON of a stream), and the assay manipulator automatically adjusts the values of all the individual petroleum properties to meet the new bulk value.3-2


As3.2 Assay Manipulator Property View

There are two methods to add an Assay Manipulator to your simulation:

1. From the Flowsheet menu, select Add Operation [or press F12]. The UnitOps property view appears.

2. Click the Aspen HYSYS Refining Ops radio button.

3. From the list of available unit operations, select Manipulator.

4. Click the Add button.

OR

1. Press F6 to access the Aspen HYSYS Refining object palette.2. Double-click the Assay Manipulator icon.

The Assay Manipulator property view appears.

Figure 3.1

say Manipulator icon3-3

3-4 Assay Manipulator Property ViewThere are three common objects at the bottom of the Manipulator property view, the following table describes these objects:

3.2.1 Design TabThe Design tab contains four pages:

Connections Parameters User Variables Notes

Connections PageOn the Connections page, you can specify the feed and product streams attached to the Assay Manipulator. You can change the name of the operation in the Name field.

Object Description

Delete button Allows you to delete the operation.

Status bar Displays the current status of the operation (for example, missing information or errors encountered during calculation).

Ignored checkbox Allows you to ignore the operation during calculations. When the checkbox is selected, HYSYS completely disregards the operation (and cannot calculate the outlet stream) until you clear the checkbox.

Figure 3.23-4


FoimVaSeV

ForeNParameters PageOn the Parameters page, the following information appears:

User Variables PageThe User Variables page allows you to create and implement variables in the HYSYS simulation case.

Notes PageThe Notes page provides a text editor where you can record any comments or information regarding the specific unit operation or the simulation case in general.

Object Description

Transfer Temperature checkbox

When selected, the temperatures of the feed stream and the product stream are equal.

Transfer Pressure checkbox

When selected, the pressures of the feed stream and the product stream are equal.

Transfer Flow Rate checkbox

When selected, the flow rates of the feed stream and the product stream are equal.

Figure 3.3

r more information on plementing the User riables, refer to ction 1.2.4 - User

ariables Page/Tab.

r more information fer to Section 1.2.3 - otes Page/Tab.3-5

3-6 Assay Manipulator Property View3.2.2 Assay TabThe Assay tab allows you to specify the changes in petroleum properties. The options available in this tab are grouped into the following pages:

Options Change Props Shift Props Composition

Options PageIn the Options page, you can select the petroleum property you want to modify and select the type of modification method using the drop-down lists in the table.

The table in the Properties/Options group contains the following:

Figure 3.4

Column Description

Property You can select the petroleum property you want to manipulate using the drop-down list in the cells under this column.

Options You can select the method of modification using the drop-down list in the cells under this column. There are two methods to choose from: Change Props and Shift Props.3-6

Assay Manipulator 3-7Change Props PageThe Change Props page allows you to specify the exact value changes to the selected petroleum property.

The following table lists and describes the objects available on this page:

You can only apply one type of modification method for each petroleum property.

Figure 3.5

Object Description

Drop-down list You can activate the selected the petroleum property for modification.

Table Allows you to type the modified values for the selected petroleum property in the drop-down list.The table also displays the selected petroleum property values from the feed stream.

Plot Displays both the original and manipulated petroleum property values.

The drop-down list will be blank if you had not selected Change Props method for any of the petroleum properties in the Options page.3-7

3-8 Assay Manipulator Property ViewShift Props PageThe Shift Props page allows you to specify shift value of the selected petroleum property.

The following table lists and describes the objects available on this page:

Figure 3.6

Object Description

Drop-down list You can activate the selected the petroleum property for modification.

Reference Assay table

You can choose the base/reference point(s) for the selected petroleum property to be shifted by doing one of the following:

Select the Use Feed checkbox to use the feed streams property values as the base point(s).

Use the drop-down list in the Use Assay cell to select the assay you want to use as the base point(s).

You cannot select a different assay as the base point(s) if you have selected the Use Feed checkbox.

Targets table You can type in the amount of shift for the selected petroleum property by doing one of the following:

Type the amount of shift for the product stream in the Product cell.

Type the difference amount between the product stream and the feed stream in the Prod - Feed cell.

Calculated Values table

Displays the calculated values based on the information entered in the Reference and Targets tables.

Plot Displays both the original and manipulated petroleum property value

Documents

AspenHYSYSRefiningV7 2 Ops