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Computer Networking

"Computer networking" is the engineering discipline concerned with communication between computer systems. Such communicating computer systems constitute a computer network and these networks generally involve at least two devices capable of being networked with at least one usually being a computer. The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the Internet).

What is computer networking????

Networking Methods

There are two (broad) types of networks in existence at the moment. These are:

1. Local Area Network (LAN):

A Local Area Network is a network that spans a relatively small space and provides services to a small amount of people. Depending on the amount of people that use a Local Area Network, a peer-to-peer or client-server method of networking may be used.

Peer to peer is an approach to computer networking where all computers share equivalent responsibility for processing data.

A client-server network is where every client is connected to the server and each other. Client-server networks use servers in different capacities.

2. Wide Area Network (WAN)

A Wide Area Network is a network where a wide variety of resources are deployed across a large domestic area or internationally. An example of this is a multinational business that uses a WAN to interconnect their offices in different countries. The largest and best example of a WAN is the Internet, which is the largest network in the world.

At that time, only the very meager beginnings of a public global network were in place. Throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, a number of smaller national networks like ARPANET, BITNET, CSNET, and NSFNET evolved, merged, or dissolved, then finally joined with non-US networks to form the global Internet.

Wireless Networks (WLAN, WWAN)

A wireless network is basically the same as a LAN or a WAN but there are no wires between hosts and servers. The data is transfered over sets of radio trancievers. These types of networks are beneficial when it is to costly or inconvenient to run the necessary cables. In order for communication to take place between computers, mediums must be used. These mediums include Protocols, Physical Routers and Ethernet, etc. This is covered by Open Systems Interconnection which comprises all the processes that make information transport possible.

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so called bus networks, for example, all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh. Bus Network TopologyA bus topology such as 10Base-2 or 10Base-5 Ethernet uses a single communication backbone for all devices. Ring Network TopologyA ring topology such as FDDI or SONET sends messages clockwise or counterclockwise through the shared link.

Star Network TopologyA star topology typically uses a network hub or switch and is common in home networks.

Mesh Network TopologyA mesh topology provides redundant communication paths between some or all devices (partial or full mesh).

Tree Network TopologyA tree topology integrates the star and bus topologies in a hybrid approach to improve network scalability.

BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY

RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY

STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY

MESH NETWORK TOPOLOGY

TREE NETWORK TOPOLOGY

NETWORK PROTOCOL

In networking, the communication language used by computer devices is called theprotocol. Popular protocolsinclude TCP/IP, the most common protocol found on the Internet and in home networks.

WIRED VS WIRELESS NETWORKING

Wireless networks utilize radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communication channelsbetween computers. Wireless networking is a more modern alternative to wired networking thatrelies on copper and/or fiber optic cabling between network devices.A wireless network offers advantages and disadvantages compared to a wired network.

Advantages of wireless include mobility and elimination of unsightly cables.

Disadvantages of wireless include the potential for radio interference due to weather, other wirelessdevices, or obstructions like walls.

Bluetooth is a specification for the use of low-power radio communications to wirelessly linkphones, computers and other network devices over short distances.

Wi-Fi is the industry name for wireless LAN (WLAN) communication technology related to theIEEE 802.11 family of wireless networking standards.

THE BENEFITS OF NETWORKING (EITHER WIRED OR WIRELESS) IN HOMES ARE:

File sharing Printer / peripheral sharing Internet connection sharing Multi-player games Internet telephone service Home entertainment

Wired Wireless

Installation Moderate difficulty Easier, but bewaere interference

Cost Less More

Reliability High Reasonably high

Performance Very good Good

Security Reasonably good Reasonably good

Mobility limited Outstanding