Assessment of Adult Hip Dysplasia and the Outcome of Surgical Treatment

8/18/2019 Assessment of Adult Hip Dysplasia and the Outcome of Surgical Treatment

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DOCTOR OF MEDICAL SCIENCE DANISH MEDICAL JOURNAL

DANISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1

T ee a bee acceed a a e gee ee e bed

ae b Te Fac f Hea Scece, Aa Ue, Jaa 3, 2012 ad

defeded Feba 24, 2012.

Offca e:

Pfe Se Oegaad, Odee & Pfe Ja E Made, O

Ue eeeae: Acae fe, Bee L. Lagda, Aa

Cedece: Deae f Oaedc, Hde Ha, Keegd A 30,

2650 Hde, Dea

Ea: [email protected]

Da Med J 2012;59: (6)B4450

Te dca e baed e fg ae, efeed

e e b Ra ea (IVII):

I. Tee A, Re L, Kg S, Eegaad B, Sbae K. Ae

e f daa ad ea: Vaab f dffee

ed. Aca Rad 2010;51:187193.

II. Tee A, Jacbe S, Re L, Sbae K. Wegbeag

aee ec adga ae eceded DDH

aee. C O Rea Re 2008;466:813819.

III. Tee A, Re L, Jacbe S, Laded S, Sbae K. Caa

aceaba ee c DDH e egbeag

. Aca O 2010;81(4):436441.

IV. Tee A, Jacbe S, Bg L, Geec J, Re L, Sbae K.

Uad e MR aga aceaba aba ea

dagc. Aca Rad 2007;48:10041010.

V. Tee A, Mecebg I, Geec J, Bg L, Jacbe S,

Sbae K. Wa e e f cca e ad ad

aceaba aba ea dagc? Aca O 2009;80:314318.

VI. Tee A, Eegaad B, Sbae K. Mede ce

f eaceaba e ad edc f ce a

eacee. J Be J Sg A 2009;91:21692179.

VII.Mecebg I, Negaad JR, Geec J, Sbae K, Tee A

Caage ce e eaed b MRI ad ee

g befe ad afe eaceaba e. C O Rea

Re 2010;468:18841890.

H daa ad defe geea ae ecged

a be ec f eac deee. Ea ad

cec defca f daa a de

ffe e eeg eae. I e cea

eae, eea cee e, ad e f ee ee e

fc f dca e. Caeged bec, e a

fdg ad e be ace ae ed be.

A bee d afed e aab f dffee

ed f dagc aee f daa ad

ea ad eed geea eceda egadg

dagc aee f daa. Pec a

dffe gfca beee e e ad egbeag

ae dac . T a fdg a

add ce e aca f ea ec g

dg aee f defe becae ec affec

e aeaace f aceaba e. Wegbeag ae

e f aceaba e ed e eece f ee

33% f dac . Te eabe f ee a a

ae fee e dac cadc e

ca fdg a daa caaceed b ffce

ae ad aea ceage. I geea, e fdg ae

a ca f edc ge ad adg deag

dagc aee f af g ad, ad

f ge ag ad efg eeg e

aceaba ee.

Te e f ad ad cca e aceaba aba ea

dagc ee eabed. Afe ecg a a eagce, ad ega a g eabe dagg

aba ea, eea a e gee FABER e

a eabe defg a aba ea. I ee a ae

ad ad ad eaa efed b a eeeced

eae ca ea ae e ada dagc ag

c agec eace aga ea e gd

adad.

Ecagg a ad cca ce ee eed

a ede f afe eaceaba e. Te

a be f de eg e ce bed a 5ea

f ca e de aca f e eaceaba e. Te efed aa f edc f


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DANISH MEDICAL BULLETIN 2

ce a eacee fg eaceaba

e dceed e ace f dffee beca

ca ad degeeae fac. Kedge ab fac edcg

ea ce a eacee a e ea

efe ae eec ad e eae b eaceab

a e. Caage ce a dceed be eeed 2 ea afe eaceaba e. A b 1

ad aceaba aba ea, dcag a e

eece f aba ea de acceeae caage degeea

afe eaceaba e.

.

I 1939, Wbeg ed a e aadg f daa e

eac (1). He caed ae daa a a be e

c f eae eac deee. Ag e

a cb aadg e af ce a

fed ee Sbeg ad Ha, Cea e a., Haegaa

e a., ad M e a., a egaed e gge f

Wbeg e aca beee daa ad ea

(26).

Te deadg a ca def a cae

ea a a e fc f e a eeac f

e 1960. Ma, fed b S ad Ha, ggeed

a ca defe f e a fe (.e.

g defe) ee acaed eac dee

e (712). Te deadg a a fea ad

aceaba defe ge e dbed becac ad

ea degeea a bee addeed b Ga ad ceage

b dcg e cce f feaceaba gee

(FAI) (1314).

Cea eeac daa a fded b e

dc f e eaceaba e (PAO) f e

eae f ac daa ad b Ga adceage 1988 (15). Te eac deadg f e e

f e aceaba ab ad f e agca becac

caaceg e dac a aed b a dec

f e aceaba de b Kae e a. a fe ea

ae (35). Reeac eff ae bee gee, b e a

20 ea ae cee ad aeed e e.

Te a f e de eeed dca e ee

ed b ee cee, aeed e, ad

e e aed e cea eeac

daa. Dagc aee ad eae f ca

def ae a g adgac deadg a

a . I e fc a bee e cea c

ee f eab f adgac aee, a

g f e ae f ec adga ad aee, adaceaba ee daa ad e e eaed

e deedece f ee fac ec g (IIII). I

accdace e ee ee ee aba ag

f, e a f a f e eeac a bee acea e

be e f ad ad cca eaa aceaba

aba ea dagc (IVV). Baed a 20ea f f

eaceaba ee, ee a e cede ca

ccef eee eeced dac (73). Hee,

fe daa ab e ed ad ge effcac f PAO ae

bee fcg, ad edge ab edc f ce

fg a gca cede ea ae. Tee

bec ad e e f aceaba aba ea f e ce f

eae f daa ae bee egaed dca

e (VIVII).

Fge 2.1.

A ec f a aee ec adga g e

g . H daa ee, ad e ceeedge age f

Wbeg ≤20.

.

H daa caaceed b a ee ad a aceab

ad ffce aceaba ceage f e fea ead (Fge

2.1). Becae f e deceaed aea f aceaba ad feaead cac, ad fce e ceae. Aceaba c

a cage fe aed da dg deee,

ad ecee fea ec aee ad ag degee f

ca aga ca e (3034,3840). T fe ccae e 3

dea aaa f daa, a bee dc

eed a ag degee f aceaba ee ce

a a a 40% f e (4142).

F decade a bee ecaed a def

cd cae ea (212). Dg e a decade,

edge f e agca aeed becac caed b

defe ad c ead ea f e a

g eea. Te becaca cce f FAI a bee

dced, ad c acceed a eeaed

c beee e aceaba ad e fea ead fea eadec c e cae eag f e ab

ad bee deea (13,14,1728). H daa

e f e defe fd be acaed FAI ad

eac deee. Geea ab ad a ea

g d f gee a cae eeaed, cc ead f

e aceaba , be eag f e ab ad b

ee dec f adace caage. I caca cae, e

ac f ceage a a aeaea ca, ad e

fee ca f aba ea dac (3537).

Fe abaed eaece eae f def

e cdg daa e (4547,52). Gg e a. ad

Jacbe e a. e abaed eaece eae f daa b dg e Ceage Oea Sbd


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4151 cded dda (47,52). Sadaded egbea

g aee (AP) ec adga ee baed, ad

g a ceeedge (CE) age f ≤ 20 a adgac cff

Gg e a. eed daa 4.3 % f ae ad 3.6 % f

feae (52). Tee eaece f daa ae g

a a e eed b ee (4546).Te edece a daa ca cae eac de

ee g agca aeed becac eg

aba eag a deed f cca bea

a, g eeced c (16,3437,5658). I a d f 96

ac dac , Jee e a. defed e e

ece f a aceaba aba ea a a deede edc f

baa ea (62). A fe abaed e

ae f eac deee dac e.

Rea e a. (60) ad Lae e a. (61) efed ece

abaed c de. Lae e a. (61) caed

ceaed (OR: 3.3) f cde ea ede (a >

65 ea) e e d daa (CEage < 30). I

e d daa a defed a a CE age


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We aeg cea AP ec adga f e

eece f daa ad ea, a eae a aee f e c ed aaee a

ee a ad ebee aab (7579, II). T a

ca f e a ad abee eea f e

dag f daa ad e degee f daa ad

ea. Becae f ee aa, e dca

f eeg ge a a.

Tee e a. (I) cdced a bded, 4bee d

eac bee efg 2 aee b ad 2 ae

e b age cc 50 . A eae ee

caed e ade CT ca. Te a ad e

bee aab f age aee a e e age

ee cced caed aee b . Ia

bee aab a cfed aae 10 f

aee b ad aae 5 7 faee b age cc. Iebee aee

ed g ge aab, ad a a dffeece be

ee aee b ad b age cc. Te

bee ab dage daa ee geea

ed e age ee cced caed aee

b . Aee f ea geea ed

ageee fdg CT ca, aee f a JSW


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Fge 3.1.

A ec f a aee ec adga g b

. Te e aead a e dace f e

e accccgea .

aceaba e (8286). Cea, e aca f eaec g eagf f ec affeced

gfca b dffeg ae g e g

ca age f (.e. eg f e egbea

g ). Hee, e eae, ee a bee c

e egadg e effec f cage f f e

egbeag ec (8793). Tada, AP ec ad

ga ae bee ecded ae e e .

Tee e a. aeed AP adgac dce f da

a, ec , ad aceaba e 31 e f e ad

egbeag ec adga (II). Sa ea edc

e CE age (1.3 1.6) ad a ea ceae e AI age

(1.6 2.3) ee beed e eg f e e

e egbeag . Hee, e cage age

eae ee caed e ee abeeaab (III). FcWea e a. (94) aeed 61 e f

e ad egbeag adga, ad eed a aga

bgge, gfca edc e CE age (3.6) e e

g a dd Tee e a. Ia ad ebee aab

eae ee, ee, eeed b Pea cea

ceffce, eag b ae e aca agde

f e aab. FcWea e a. beed a gfca

ea edc JSW f 0.49 afe eg (94). Te

e e a. beed a gfca edc ae ef f 0.67

eg (II). S, e eae b de

cfed e beed abee aab f e JSW

(II). Oea ad feae, Tee e a. dd bee gf

ca cage eg, ad ed b fdg

e de (95,96, II). Tee e a. dd fd a eeafea ead aa afe eg f e e

e egbeag (II).

Seea de ae eaaed e effec f eg (.e.

f e egbeag) cage ec (Tabe

3.2). Ug ag ed f aee f cage ec

, e de e gfca cage (87,90,92) ad

e a gfca ee (bacad a eca)

f e e f aae 4 8 (88,89,91,93). T

e a ec b ae ecee dg e

g, Naa e a. ad Babc e a. fd a ec dd

eceed a cage f 10 90% ad 83% f e cae, eec

e (87,90,93). Ug a dec eae f cage ec

, Tee e a. eed a gfca cage ec f

13 14 feae ad 6 7 ae afe eg (II).

A deae g cea beee e dace f e

e accccgea (ed b Tee e a. (II))

ad e degee f ec a bee eed (97) (Fge 3.1).

Oea, e de agee a a ee f e e ae

ace eg (8793, II). Ca f de

be becae a de ae f ed ae ed ad d

a b a ad ed eegee (Tabe

3.2). I ee, ee, a d a a b ec daa ae acaed e e f gfca

cage f ec dg eg (88,89,91,93, II). A

ea ae daa, e fe geeaed ab

ad ceage defcec cd cbe ceaed ec

ba dg eg.

I cea a e ae degg, b dee ce,

ee ae de e e a ee ae

gfca eeded e eed f e eg

beag (88,89,91,93, II). I e g f , e aca f

adaded, caed ea ec g (.e. ag

dffeece ec beee e ad egbeag

) cea (82). T fe afed b Te

e e a. eed a 32% f ae e eg

beag ee cfed e f ea ecg ggeed b Sebec e a. (82, II). A e

f e ae a fd affec e aeaace f

aceaba e becae 11 ae ed g f ee

e e e 4 ae e egbeag

(II). T eaed b e ee f e e

cec eg.

I a, ec adga f aee f de

fe ae a ecded e ae e, ad e

a ec g a bee adcaed (82). Hee, baed

e ee eae, a gfca ec ee a ae

ace afe eg f e e e egbeag

(88,89,91,93, II). Fe, a gag f e

ac ca defe fe aeaed ee

dg fc. I g a egbeag adga

ece e be ceece beee , fca a


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eaace, ad defe. Fa, AP adgac dce f

daa, fea ead aa, ad e JSW

dffeece beee e e ad egbeag

(94, II). Tee e a. eced egbeag AP ec

adga f aee f defe (II).

Aceaba ee a bee ecged a a be ec

f eac deee ad a a ce f a

(43,44,86,98). Te e a bee fd be acaed

e eece f aba ea, ad caed e b

ecaca cce f FAI a a fca eceage cag ce

gee (14,56,57). Te f aee f aceaba e

e ade a AP ec adga b defca f

a cg f e ae ad e aceaba . Red

e a. decbed caed ce g aae a

decade ag (98) (Fge 3.2). Jaa e a. fd e ce g

be g ad aee f aceaba ee AP

ec adga (99). Sebec e a. eed a aceaba

ee ge e ced ceag ec fe(ca fad a) (82).

Hca, daa a bee decbed a a cd

acaed aea ad ae aceaba defcec ad

aceaba aee (30,31,33,34,37,100). I eefe

ea g a dg e a 5 10 ea, eeca

e a 2 ea, aceaba ee a bee eed

ce daa a cdeabe f dac

(41,42,8386,101,102, III). Te eed eaece f

aceaba ee dac age f 15% 42%

(Tabe 3.3). Te cg f aceaba fee

ee e caa d f e dac aceab (86,101, III).

Te degee f daa, afed b e CE age, de

ee dffe beee eeed aceab ad a

eed aceab (42,84,86, III).

A aead ed (ee ec 3.2), cea

ee defe d be aeed AP ec ad

ga e e ea ed e egbea

g . Te aeaace f aceaba e ad ee

deed e degee f ec , ad e eaece

eae f aceaba ee deed e ad

gac ed aed (82, II, III). M de eg e

eaece f aceaba ee dac cde

adga f e ee cea adaded cea

eec ec (Tabe 3.3). I g f e beeed dffeece

ec afe eg ad e ceece beee de

fe ad fca aeaace e eg beag

, Tee e a. aeed e eaece f ee

egbeag AP ec adga (III). Tee e a. fd

aceaba ee 33% f dac , c ge

a e eae f aae 15% 20% eed e

a f de (8386,101, III). T dffeece eaed b

e ec f ee ecee fe (ca

fad a). Ta , e ee ae ecde a b

ae ae ecee feed ad eefe ae e ae a

e ced aeaace f ee. I geea, de

e a afg gd a ad e bee aab

e aee f e ce g (99,103,104, III). Aee

f e aceaba ad e ce g dead gd

a adga. A a aeae, e ca e g a

bee dced a a ad dca f aceaba ee

(103).

Te cca ace f aceaba ee d

aa ad ca f eface f a edece PAO

Fge 3.2.

A ec f a aee ec adga g e ef

. Te daed e a e ae aceaba ad e

d e e e aceaba . A ce g e

e a e daed ad d e eec.

ae e f ded. Rece, daa aceab

a ee a fd be acaed a eae e

f a (86). A, ece de ae eed e ace f

ecgg aceaba ee dg eeae ag

ad eface f edece PAO (84,85,102). Fae d

e ced ee aggaaed ee a

deceaed age f ad a eae FAI c

ed deea. Aceaba ee a bee e


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ed e 10% 62% f dac fg ed

ece cede. (84,85,102).

I a, e defca f aceaba ee

dac ea a a cca ad gca

ca a eed fe ega. Reeed

aceab ae g fee dac (15%42%)(41,42,8386,101,102, III). Becae e aeaace f aceaba

ee deed e ec (82, II, III), e f

e ae dg adgac ecdg a ea

a fac a eed fe ea.

.

Dg e a decade, e deadg f e ea

beee defe ad eac deee a

ceaed gfca. Teag f e aceaba ab e

adace caage ecged a e e deea

a cae f becaca dced ea (14). Te de

c f aceaba aba ea acaed daa

e, b e aca becaca ee f e aceab

a ab ad e a f degeea ae

bee dceed (16,3537,107110). Te ab e

ed ae a adag e, a ea daa, ad

ac a a ea g e ee f bca

(108,111). Fee, e ab a a abg fc a

ec aga cca becaca aea e

(112).

Te becaca cage dced b e e def

e daa, gee e ab f e , ae

g ae e aceaba ab cebe ead

ad eag. Tee eeca ad cca edece a aeag d f gee, eeaed c aa

e ab, bee degeea, ad fa a ea de

ace f e ab e cdaba a e,

dee e becaca cce (16,3537,113,114).

Aceaba aba ea daa ae fee fd

e ae eg f e aceab, c a be eaed

b e deadg becac, ceaed ad ad a

eae ecaca ce f e ab aca

eg (109,110,115,116, IV,V). Ae caacec feae f

e ab fe ec ae dac

(35,115).

Teag f e aceaba ab a fee fdg

ac dac . I 170 daa, McCa

ad Lee fd a aba ea ac 72% (113).Sde g agec eace aga (MRA) ea

ae e ab ac dac fd aba

eag aae 80% (115, IV). Te fdg gge a

ead ad aba eag a a a e e

deee ae daa. Caca

f daa ae a g a ad ccg

cg f e , a f c ced e a aba ea

ad c ead.

Te defca f a aceaba aba ea a a cae f a

ad a ec f degeea a fced ae

eabe dagc aee. MRA a bee eabed ae adgac gd adad ed f e dagc ae

e f aceaba aba ea (Fge 4.1). Rece de ae

eed a gd ab f MRA dage aba ea (117119).

Taa e a. efed MRA 30 ad fd a e

f 92% ad ecfc f 100% e MRA fdg ee c

aed e baed dg ac (117). Ca e

a. eed a e f 100% ad a accac f 94% ( 18 degg bee ac) (118). Feeda e

a. eed a 22 (96%) f 23 aba ea daged

ac ad bee fd MRA age (119). Zege e a.

fd a deec ae f aba ea f 97.2% MRA 144

e ea a ac (120). Ce e a. bed

e f e f d 1996 (=22 MRA) ad fd a

e f 90% ad a accac f 91% f MRA caed

acc fdg (121). I a ae d, Ce e a. ed

a MRA ca be ed cec age aba ea (122);

ee, e agg ee f e gc ae (119). Te

aeade eab f MRA eadg a bee eed be

ecee (119,121, IV, V). I ca ee ecagg e

, Keee e a. (=104 ) ad Leg e a. (=23 )

eed ee ad ecfce f aae 40% 70% f MRA aba ea deec (123,124). I d be ac

edged a e de eg e dagc ab f

MRA fe ffe edgca be, c a, a eec

e deg, ac f a cea ece c f age

eadg; ba dced b ac f bdg f adg e

acc fdg; eecdced ba becae a a

ae bee cded e eece d de e fdg

f a aba ea ac; ad ebee aa

becae eea adg acc ge ad a

eed e eece f e aba ea.

I e eae MRA, a bee eabed a e ad

gac gd adad aba ea dagc. Hee, e

ed ecg ad cfabe f e ae.

Uad de ed ceea dagc adg,

ad a bee eed a a ae e ab dag

e aceaba aba ea eab (IV, V) (Fge 4.2). Fe d

e ae egaed e ab f ad eaa.

Mce e a. eed e e f 8 ad eaa

a ad acc aee f ag: 1

f 8 eaa ad daged e ag ee.

Ge e edgca fa f d, cc ca

be da, ad e a ae e f ad

e ggeed dagc aac a (125). Sfa e a.

eed a bece ee aa f aba a

g b ad dg aaca ed ec

21 . Magec eace agg (MRI) ca

a efed 14 f e 21 , ad ee, ae aba

ea ee fd 13 b MRI ad ad eaa

. Te a dd af e dagc ab f a

d. Te d g eee a f e ea cce

f ad dage aba ag, b a cc

ae ade ad b e eece deg a ea ee f

cae a e fdg f aba ag dg a

d eaa (126). A ece ca f ad

MRA aba ea dagc a efed b Tee e

a. (IV). Eaa ee efed 20 cece da

c eeg a. Te ece c

cded edefed cea f dec f aba ea ad

bdg f e MRA adg ad e ad adg

e fdg f e e eae. Te cedg fdg

ad ad MRA ae eeed Tabe 4.1. Te eg

e a 44% ad e ecfc a 75%. I a bee


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Fge 4.1.

Ca e f MR aga ag a aceaba

aba ea (a). Ca ed ee g g e

bae f e ab.

Fge 4.2.

Uad eaa ae a aceaba aba ea. Tee

a ecc cef g g e bae f e ab

(c a), ad a cc fa be e e

ab ( a). Te ce a e f e ab.

d b Tee e a. (V), e a eaed e ab f

ad deec aba ea, ag a c f e

eface f eaa a e e ed e e

d b Tee e a. (IV). Te f 18 ae

e ad ad eaceaba ee ee ea

ed. Te fdg MRA ad ad ae eeed Tabe

4.2. T, e e f ad aba ea dagc

a 94%. Te de (IV, V) ee egeed b e ec

e c ed f e eface f e eaa, b

ed b e eae a e f e d c, ad b

e fac a e adgac fdg ee efed b

ac. Hee, MRA e eabed a e ad

gac gd adad aceaba aba ea dagc,

a ecee cea acc fdg ece de


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(117119). Te a ad ebee aab f ad

aba ea dagc ea egaed.

A g ae ad a cca eaa d

be abe ae c f a aba ea a e cae f a.

B eabe ae c ed cca e e ae

e f aceaba aba ea? Edece fed ed.Naa e a. (51) cdced a d eag 18 b a

ea a, fe, aa ce e ad g MRA

a dagc efeece. Te e a 75% ad e ecfc

a 43%. I a d b Ma e a. (127) 6 edc

ge, ecag a, efed cca eaa

8 ae. Te cca eaa ee efed a efeed

b eac eca. Baed e cca eaa, e

edc ge ageed 63% f e e e fdg f a aba

ea e fg ac. Tee e a. (V) e

gaed e ab f e gee e, e FABER e, ad e

eed ag eg ae e dage aba ea. Te cca

fdg 18 ee caed MRA fdg f aba ea,

ad e dagc ab f e e a cacaed (Tabe 4.3).

Of e cca e, e gee e ed e be dagc ab, a e f 59% ad a ecfc f 100%.

Ma ad Sea egaed e eae eab f e

gee e ad e FABER e ad fd a deae

ageee beee bee (aa: 0.58) f e gee

e ad a baa ageee beee bee (aa:

0.63) f e FABER e (128). Te fe de egag e

dagc ab f cca e ae geea ed b a

d a (51,127, V). Fee, e d b Tee

e a. (V) ed b e fee eece f a aba ea e

eeced d a. Te dagc ab f e ge

e e ae a a ab dffc

ae. Te ece c f eaa ad bdg f

b e cca, ad, ad MRA eae eac e

fdg a edgca eg, ad e d bea

d a ae eeg a ae cc deag

ecfca be ae g eeced.

I cc, MRA a bee eabed a e dagc

gd adad aceaba aba ea dagc. Te e f

de e dagc ab f MRA ae bee cfcg. I

e ece bed de, ee, MRA a bee

eed ae ecee dagc ee (117119). Ua

d a e ad g aba ea dagc. Te

ee e dagc ab f ad deaed

b a ca f e e f e de b Tee e

a. (IV, V) gge a a eag ce acaed e e

f ad aba ea dagc. Ee e ad f a

eeeced ad eae, a e de b Tee e

a., e f ceag a aa ad eea f

fdg eeeed edgca dffce a ad be

ece dg e f d (IV). Cca eaa de

ec aba ea e eeda f e edc

ge, ad ee e de ed e (gee ad

FABER e) ae e eabe aba ea dagc

(51,127, V). T e eae e eed f eabe ad

gac aee. Te edge bae egadg e e f

ad ad cca e aceaba aba ea dagc

ed, ad e e f e e eeced c ea

egaed.

Pae eeg eaed a, eeca a g

a, ad e a f ccg cg f e

Fge 4.3.

Sggeed aeg f dagc aee f aceaba aba

ea ().

d be eced ae a ea f e aceaba ab

(Fge 4.3) (129,130). A egbeag AP ec adga ad

a aea e f e ae eed dage ceg

defe ad/ ea (129,130, II, III).

T fe ae e c f a aba ea ee e

eced ae, a gee e ad ea e FABER e

d be caed , becae e e f ee e ed

b e eae (51,127,128, V). B e ae bee eed

ae a e edce ae f 100%, eag a

edc f a g a, e ae e e ae

a aba ea (V). Pe de ae eed ≥95% f

gee e be e ae gca efed

aba ea (19,49,50). O e e ad, a aba ea ae

daged b e gee FABER e (ee f

59% 75% ad 41%, eece), ad a egae ce f

e e eabe (51, V). I cae, fe adgac

aee aaed.

If a eeeced ad eae ee dee

e f aba ea dagc aaabe, a

d eaa ca be efed ae a ea ea f

e ab (IV, V). I e ad f a eae a e

ce e eag ce egadg e eea f e e

aa, e ed ee (94%) dagg aceab

a aba ea (V). A fdg f aba eag ad ae

e e a e ae aca a a ea (e edc

e ae: 94% (V)). Te ee eae cce egad

g e eab f fdg a aba ea ad ad ee

fe d be cdeed eabe a. (IV, V).

Fe adgac aee e aaed.

MRA e eabed gd adad adgac ae

e f aba ea. Te a be eaed cca e

ad ad e ac f eab f fdg ae egae (51,

IV,V). T, MRA d be efed ae f g a

dced b e gee FABER e ad a aba ea

ca be aed ad eaa, ad e aece ae ecfc eaed a (V). I e ece

eeece MRA, e dagc ab a bee eed

be ecee, e, ecfc, ad accac eae

e age f 92% 100% (117119). Hee, fae dag

e a aba ea ca be ed , ad ced

c, ac d be efed.

.

Sce dc e a 20 ea ag, PAO a bee

aded a e efeed cea eeg gcaeae f ac daa ad (15,72


10/17


Fge 5.1.

A eae aee ec adga g b

. Te g a bee eaed a edece

eeg eaceaba e. A ceeedge age fWbeg f 35 a bee aceed. H daa ed e ef

.

74,102,131147). Te cca a ae eee a,

e fc ad ea eaed a f fe, ad ee

eac deee eceag ce THR. Te

gca a a 3dea eea f e aceab

a e fea ead ceage, deceae ad

fce, ad eee e ead f e aceaba ab ad

adace caage ad f e (15,72,148150) (Fge 5.1).

Weea e de decbe e e ce

fg PAO (132144), a fe de e e ce

a ed ad ge f (.e. e a a

f f 5 ea) (7274,131, VI). T ac f de ege ce a ed ad ge f dee c

aed b e de acceace ad dde aca f

a gca cede. I e de egag e e

d ad ge ce fg PAO, e a ed

dcag fae ce THR (7274,131, VI).

Tee e a. eed e ede cca ad ad

gac ce 116 eaceaba ee 5.2 9.2

ea eae. Seeee ee ceed THR,

ad e KaaMee a ae ce

THR a ed a 90.5% (95% CI: 83.594.6) a 5 ea, ad

81.6% (95% CI: 69.789.3) a 9.2 ea [VI]. Oe a e

g e ed ge ae

caabe ee be (7274) (Tabe 5.1). Fe, a

ed Tabe 5.1, e d g ae g caabe.Se a ae (.e. e a a f

f 5 ea) ae fee eed be >90% (132

144).

Te eee f f PAO ae b Tee e a.

ced a ee, a cca eaa, a adgac

eaa (egbeag aee ec adga),

ad S F (SF)36 (151) ad Wee Oa ad McMae

Uee Oea Ide (WOMAC) (152) eae

(VI). Te e f e f eaa ae eeed

Tabe 5.2. Ke feae f e ee ad cca eaa

ee a f: Meda a ce e a aag cae

ee 0 a e ad 1 afe 15 e f a ag. Te

g a e fee ca f eaed a d

cf. Ccg cg f e a ee 25% f , ad a e gee e a fd 18%. H

ea ad be ceg aaca be

a ea ee fdg. Seace e a. ed e ge

e e a e 24% f a 10ea eaa

f ae degg PAO ge (73). Tee e a. eed

age f a eda fe f 100 a

e 10ea f e fd b Seace e a. (73, VI).

Rea f ce a efed 18% f e eaed a

e e f ede f, ag a ae f

ace dg e a eeae ae fa e(VI). Tee e a. ed e cecc g e b

ec f PAO ge becae 19% ad cage b afe

ge de be (VI).

Te Ha H Sce e Mee dAbg & Pe Sce

ae bee e efeed ecfc fca ce e

de eg e ce f PAO ge

(72,73,102,132,133,135137). I dbf ee ee ce

de a afg aee eeg PAO ge

g ad. Tee e a. aeed e ce a ed

e f afe PAO ge g e cea SF36

ad WOMAC ce (Tabe 5.2) (VI). Ca e fe e

de g e SF36 ad WOMAC ce ced b

dffee da f f ad dffeg aege f daa

afa (72,144,145). Ca f e SF36 ceeed a ede f b Tee e a.

ae daa f Da ce f a eea age g ed,

g, a e ca ce ce a e

e ae ad a e ea ce ce ee

caabe. (151, VI). T, ee a ea ea

egae feced b e deea ca ea

ae afe PAO ge a ede f. I add

, e eda a WOMAC ce f 84.4 fd a ed

e f afac. Of de eg e ce

f PAO ge a ed ge f, e de b

Ka e a. (72) (g e WOMAC ce) ad Seace e a.

(73) (g e Mee dAbg & Pe Sce) e b e

ad eae ce, eea e de b Maee e a.

(74) (g e WOMAC a bcae) ad Tee e a. (VI) aeed b eg e eae f ce.

Fa, a ecfc aeeaed ce eae eca

cced f g ae degg eeg

ge, c a e PAO, ea be deeed.

Ee g de acceed, e e f ce THR a

a ed e a beac. A e e f f

, e ae a ae deeed edage

ea fca cg a. Te

a a af f a THR e ea fe, ad e e

fae ae a be deeaed. Tee c ac

ceed def f c ecda ed cde.

Maee e a. cdeed a ce f ≥10 (f 20) e WOMAC

a bcae a e e f f be a cca fae.

Cee, a adda 12% (16 f 135) f e d g


11/17


afed a cca fae (74). Ka e a. eed a 8 (31%)

f 26

ad edage ea (T gade 3) a deea f

e WOMAC a ce f >20 ed ge f

afe PAO. T g a eaaed f e g f ae

a aae afg cca ce ad ae

ad ad a THR (72). Seace e a. e ce e

ae c a e d b Sebec e a. (131) ad fd

a edage ea (T gade 3) ad deeed 5

(7%) f 68 . T ee gaded a ag a e

accdg e Mee dAbg & Pe Sce a a f,

b ee e a ad edage ea cea

(73). Tee e a. fd a edage ea (T

gade 3) ad deeed 6 (6%) f 93 (VI). Pae

f ce ae be eaed e e f c

e THR a a ed . H a f ee ae ae

ad e PAO ceed a THR a ae ? I e

d b Maee e a. 23 (15%) f e a 158 egbe d

ac ee f, ace f e be

d e f ea afe ge (74). Ka e a. ac f 20

(36%) f 55 cece ae dg e f. Te a

ecded 9 f 35 ede, f c 2 ad a THR efed

(72). Seace e a. ac f 5 (7%) f 75 . Hee, 3

f ee ee ee a f 10 12 ea eae

ad ed gd ecee cca e ad ce

THR (73). I e d b Tee e a. 12 (10%) f 116

ee f (VI). Hee, d bea e

adaage a e Da H Aa Rege

(63,153) a ade egadg ce THR a 116 , g e ceee f e f. Ne

f e f ad ad a THR.

Pae f, e acced f b a

aa aa ege, add cea e e

ed a ae, ad eaag a cca ad/

adgac ed e a ce THR a add

gfca e fae ae. Ied dffeece cceg

ee e ca ea ea ee gfca dffeece e

eed ae. Te ac f ce egadg e

e f ce beac, ad ae a f, a

ae ad ffce a f de eg e ce

fg PAO ge, e fg cea ae ggeed: 1)

Ce THR d be eed. 2) Deee f ed

age ea ad/ a ce f ≥10 (f 20) e WOMACa bcae d be eed. 3) I aa a

a ege, f be, egadg ee deeced c

e THR d be ade. Oee, e a 10%

15% d be f. 4) F d be e

fed g cea WOMAC ad/ SF36 e

ae.

Te edgca eaee f e de eg e

d ge ce fg PAO ge ca geea

be abed e eece deg (7274,131, VI). F

e, e e cea adga dage e e

ece ad degee f ea, ad eefe fca geea

ed caage deea a g deeced. Fe de

eg e ce f PAO ge d f a c

ece c, g cea cg e, ad

agec eace agg caf e aaca c

f e . Fa, e cc, e g age

a e ge ad eeace e fed f PAO edc

ae fge ef a aded d a d dee

e ee ae ba ffce beef b degg a

PAO caed , f eae, ceae eae. O e

e ad, adg g ae ceac da

a, ea, ad adag a ceae ea

e THR d ee eca e de ae a

PAO ge eee f 2 decade ad ed

gd cca e eeced ae (7274,131, VI).

Iceaed edge egadg ae eec cea ad

fe fc aec f aceaba eea ae e

facae fe ee e ce f PAO ge.

Ug a dece ad caae aca aace,

e de ae ggeed a adaced eeae

ea (T gade 2 3) a a edc f

fae ad ce THR (72,131133,154). Fe

de ae dced aca eae. Seace e a.

fd a aca gfca aad a f 3.39 e T

gade ge (73). M e a. eed a aca gfca

aad a f 2.19 f a eeae T gade f 2

(142). Tee e a. fd a aca gfca aad a

f 5.54 f eeae T ea gade 2 3 ee

ee (VI). I add e de g cea adg

a dage e T gade f ea, Cga


12/17


e a. fd e dGEMRIC (deaed gadeaced ag

ec eace agg f caage) de, ed a a ea

eae

f ea, be e a edc f fae f

PAO ge (143). A ceffecee d e abe

fdg cca de becae a THR a be

e ceffece a PAO T gade 3 ea,

ad T gade 2 ea; ee, PAO dd becae

e ceffece f ae ed e a aae

18 ea (155). Ve fe deae adaced

ea ca be eeced a e a 18 ea (73).

I e aa f edc f ce THR fg

PAO ge, Tee e a. eee aaed degac

ad adgac (cea ad ced gac (CT))

e ad eae aaee (1,35,68,156,157, II, VI). Ug

e C a aad de ad adg f e e

eae gade f ea, e fg 7 aca gf

ca edc (1 5 aeed cea adga, 6

7 eeae CTca) ee defed: 1) a eeae CE

age f


13/17


aaed e aadg f cca de eaag PAO

ge, ad e ffe gdace f fe, age de.

I cc, PAO ge d a be efed

g g f ea (T

gade 01). Pefg a PAO adaced

ea d be eced eca dca, c ag age f e ae. I add, e eecg ae f

PAO ge, eca fc d be fac egae f

ecg e becaca ee b ead ea

e.

Te e f aceaba aba ea e aagee f

daa ea a dced ad cea e PAO

ge. I geea acceed a defe f e ,

cdg daa, ca cae FAI eeaed aa e

aceaba ab, bee aba eag, ad caage de

geea (13,14,1728,3537,107110,113,114). Sde ae

defed e eece f aba eag 80% f ac dac , dcag a aba eag a

a fac e deee f a ad e f

deea daa (115, IV).

Te eface f a adde aba ea dg

PAO ge ce decbed e eae. A

e eeae gee e a bee ggeed b Se

ace e a. a a gfca edc f fae fg PAO

ge (73). Te eed a e eece f a eea

e aba ea e ea f e eed g ad

fe ggeed a efg PAO adda a

ad aaca ee a e ce (73).

Hee, dag cc baed ce f e

gee e , a e ed, dbf (V). Pee e

a. eed e ce f PAO 83 , a ea f

f 46 , ad 11 aba ea, e e

ed a aeage Ha H ce f 90 ad g gee

ea a e ece f (102). Fe,

Maee e a. ee abe fd a e eece f a aba

ea edced fae f e PAO e aae ege

aa (74). Te a ae eed de

c e ad ab ee ef ced ae ecagg

(140,141, VI). Acc eae f aba eag

addeg e daa b ea f a PAO cea.

Teae a cae a adee ce (acceeaed

ea), ad e bed e f ae

(158).

Mecebg e a. (VII) eaed caage ce e

26 ae b g agec eace agg ad

aca f a eegc ed (159) befe ad 2

ea afe PAO ge. Tac a aed e eg deg

g agec eace agg eaae aceaba f

fea caage. I add, 18 ae dee MRA f e

eaed dage aceaba aba ea. I a fd

a eeae aceaba ad fea caage cee

ee a eaee 2 ea afe ge. A ea

ee 1 ea eae, e aceaba caage a

gfca, ee aga, ce a a 2 ea

eae (1.47 . 1.35 ). Seeee f 18 ae

degg MRA ad a aceaba aba ea.

Se edgca a d be acedged

(VII). Te eg ac aac ed dg agec eace

agg a ae ed a deea f ea caage

ce de dffc eaag caage e ce

cea a f e . De e ada f eae

e ed eegca ed, a ca aea

g e e a g deeced, a aga

effec ea caage ce. T a be a be

cae deea a a be caaceed b ca

caage daage adace a aba ea. Tee a ef e ad eae fca ce eae dc

e e cca effec f e PAO efed f e cea

f ce e fdg f caage ce ad

aba ea. Hee, e e f e ad eae a

aag cae a ce dceed e a eef f a.

Magec eace agae ee efed e

eae ad eefe ca be dceed ee aba

ea ee ee eeae. Hee, ea f e ab

ae bee dceed 80% f dac (115,

IV).

If e acedge a a ca aea caage

daage a g deeced, aea a caage ce

eeed 2 ea fg PAO ge. Ne f e

e d ad a a ad aba ee dgPAO ge, ad g a 17 f 18 agae deeced

a aba ea, ee a dg e f e e

ece f a aba ea de acceeae caage dec.

I cc, de f ffce edgca ae

ae e aaabe defe caf ee a ad

aba ee d be efed . Accdg

eg de, b aace ca be ce. Te edb

ad deceae ad fce gee e eg eef

f ead e aceaba g be caed b e

PAO (15,54,72,148150) a ea a eeed def

ace f e eece f a aba ea ad caage dec

eeg eeed. Fe ece de

g eeae agec eacebaed dagc f

aba eag ad ca f cca ad adgac

ce ae aaed.

.

Aaee f e a ad cee f dagc

aee f defe ad ea ae

a becae cec dag a gea ca f cad

dae f eeg ge. A eee afca f

e aab f dffee ed f e aee f

daa ad ea a caed (I). Te gge

ade egadg aee f daa ae ca f

a edc ge ad adg deag af

g ad. Edece a ge a ae daa, ec a dffe beee e e ad eg

beag (II). Sed b e de (88,89,91,93),

fdg e e e f adaded ea ec

g dg aee f defe becae e AP

adgac aeaace f aceaba e affeced b e

degee f ec . I a eaa f aceaba e

dac egbeag AP ec adga,

aceaba ee a ee 33% f (III). Aaee

f e be ace f ae g ad f e fe

e fdg f aceaba ee dac

aca a dg aee f daa ad e

ag ad eface f a eeg PAO. Lage cae

de ecdg b aea ad AP ec adga f b

a ced ad defe ae eeded ed fe g e ace f ae g.


14/17


Teag f e aceaba ab a bee defed a a e

feae e a f ea eac deee

ca defe (13,14,1728,3537,107

110,113,114). Te e f ad ad a cca e

dage aceaba aba ea a eabed (IV, V). Afe

ecg a a eag ce, ad a ed be g eabe dagg aba ea, eea a

e fdg e gee FABER e a eabe

defg a aba ea. Ve e a e ab

e ab f ee dae dage aba ea. I ee

a ae ad ad ad eaa efed b

e eeeced eae ca ea ae e ada

dagc ag c MRA ea e gd adad.

Hee, fe ega ae eeded ee e f

ea f ad. A eeeced b edc ge

f ad e d, cca eaa ea eabe

dagg aba ea, ee e ad f eca (127).

Becae a a ee e, eea ad

gac eaa eeded.

I e e fe e de (7274,131) eg eed ad ge f e afe PAO f e

eae f daa, ecagg a ad

cca ce ee eed (VI). Te a be f

e e ce bed 5ea f caed b

e de aca f e PAO. Sge ad ae ae aa

g fe cda f e fa ecagg

eeg abe f PAO, ad a aec, eeca e

eceed b e ae be a, ae degg e

ga ea egaed. Te a d be e ef

ace f ece f de. Te efed aa

f edc f ce THR afe PAO dceed e

ace f a becaca ad degeeae fac

(VI). Kedge ab fac edcg ea ce THR

a e ea efe ae eec ad e e

ea f PAO. Te e dcea f c fac,

bed e egae fece f eeg ea

, a e ed. Caage ce a dceed be

eeed 2 ea afe PAO (VII). A b e ad

aceaba aba ea, dcag a e eece f aba

ea de acceeae caage degeea afe PAO. H

ee, e e f aba ee dg PAO ea g

cea. Becae fa cc ca be da f

e ee ffce edge bae, a ece, MRA

baed, f d aeg ce f PAO beg c

dced.

1 Wbeg G. Sde dac aceaba ad cgea ba f

e . W eca efeece e cca f ea.

Aca C Scad 1939;83( 58):5135.

2 Sbeg, S. D. Aceaba daa ad deee f ea

f . Ha, W. H. Te . Pceedg f e ecd e cefc

eeg f e ce. 8293. 1974. S.L, C.V.Mb.

3 Sbeg, S. D. Uecged cdd deae: a a cae f d

ac ea f e . Cde, LD, Ha, WH, Rae, PL,

ad MacEe, GD. Pceedg f e d e cefc eeg f

e ce , 212228. 1975. S.L, C.V.Mb.

4 Cea DR, Waee R, Sbeg SD. Aceaba daa e

ad. C O Rea Re 1983;175:7985.

5 Haegaa Y, Iaa H, M M, Geda E, Sa S, Ma T: Te aa

ce f ea f e de ba aceaba d

aa. Ac O Taa Sg 1992;111:187191.

6 M SB, Ga R, Me ME: Te g eaed daa f

e . A d f adgac fac a edc e ce. J BeJ Sg A 1995;77:985989.

7 Ma RO. Te aeg f a ea f e . B J Rad

1965;38:81024.

8 S L. Pae f ea f e . J Be J Sg B

1976;58:17683.

9 S L, Sce CM, Be JP. Oea f e : e a

e bed e deae. A Re D 1982;41:11825.

10

S L. Gegaca ad aaca ae f ea. B JRea 1984;23:17780.

11 Ha WH. Pa ea f e : a ag dag. J

Rea 1983;S 9:64.

12 Ha WH. Eg f ea f e . C O Rea Re

1986;(213):2033.

13 Ga R, Pa J, Bec M, Leg M, N H, Sebec KA.

Feaceaba gee: a cae f ea f e .

C O Rea Re 2003;(417):11220.

14 Ga R, Leg M, LegGa K, Ha WH. Te eg f

ea f e : a egaed ecaca cce. C O

Rea Re 2008;466:26472.

15 Ga R, Kae K, V TS, Ma JW. A e eaceaba e f

e eae f daa. Tece ad ea e. C

O Rea Re 1988;232:2636.

16 P RP, Kae K, Ga R, Ceae S. Aceaba ag ec

da cgea daa e ad. A adgac d. C

Oga M. 1995;80:361368.

17

Ga R, G TJ, Gae E, Ga K, Kge N, Beea U. Sgca dca f e ad a ece f acce e fea ead

ad aceab e f aaca ec. J Be J Sg

B 2001;83:111924.

18 I K, Ma MA 2d, Leg M, Wee S, Ga R. Feaceaba

gee ad e caeffec. A MRIbaed aae aaca

d f e fea eadec ffe. J Be J Sg B 2001;83:171

6.

19 I K, Leg M, Ga R. Hagc feae f e aceaba a

b feaceaba gee. C O Rea Re

2004;(429):26271.

20 Kaaa A, Y LS, Bee E, C SA, M MB, Pae WE. Tad

f MR agac fdg ae cae feaceab

a gee. Radg 2005;236:58892.

21 Jge M, Wd A, Weff B, Kae R. Feaceaba ge

e caed b a fea e eadec b def: cca,

adgca, ad eeea e. J O Sc 2004;9:25663.

22 Bec M, Ka M, Leg M, Ga R. H g fece e

ae f daage e aceaba caage: feaceaba gee a a cae f ea ea f e . J Be J Sg

B 2005;87:10128.

23 Sebec KA, Waab KH, Wee S, Ka M, L eg M, Ga R. Ab

a ee f e fea ead e a a cae f ca

gee. C O Rea Re 2004;(418):5460.

24 Wage S, Hfee W, Ce M, MaVae P, Saffe E, Ga R,

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