Assessment of Impacts on Radar/IR Assessment of Impacts on Radar/IR Detection Vulnerability and EA/ISR Detection Vulnerability and EA/ISR

EffectivenessEffectiveness

Prof Ken DavidsonProf Ken DavidsonDepartment of MeteorologyDepartment of Meteorology

Root 231Root 231

19 January 2006\19 January 2006\

Propagation ModelsEM: APMIR: EOSTAR

Continuous, 3-D RefractivityExtinctionScintillation

Near-Surface Collected:

Vessel / Buoy Airflow Waves

Atmospheric Numerical Predictions:

Mesoscale

COAMPS

Satellite sensor collected:

Duct Top Height SST

In situ Upper-Air Soundings:

Rawinsondes Microwave/Lidar

Upper-Air COAMPS profilesDuct Fields

= examined/applied

Near-Surface NPS Bulk Model

Wireless Link LandIR

Sea

RF

100%

80%

60%

30%

0%

100%

Effects Models AREPS TAWS

Integrated Approach for RF/IR Impact Assessment:Integrated Approach for RF/IR Impact Assessment:

Capabilities Location When

Models DevelopedModel and Sensing Development ONR/SPAWAREOPACE, Moriah, Wallops, RED, others

East, West coasts, Oahu, HI

1992-2001

Demonstrated

Developed/Demonstrated METOC Technologies Developed/Demonstrated METOC Technologies

RH/T Profiles

WaveStaff

Sonic Anemometer

Bulk

Fit

Capabilities Location When

Models DevelopedModel and Sensing Development ONR/SPAWAREOPACE, Moriah, Wallops, RED, others

East, West coasts, Oahu, HI

1992-2001

Demonstrated

Developed/Demonstrated METOC Technologies Developed/Demonstrated METOC Technologies

RH/T Profiles

WaveStaff

Sonic Anemometer

Capabilities Location When

DevelopedModel and Sensing Development ONR/SPAWAR (EOPACE, Moriah, Wallops, RED, others)

East, west coasts, Oahu, HI 1992-2001

DemonstratedCombatant Craft Radar Signatures Dam Neck, VA; SCI, CA

SEA STRIKEAug 2002 June 2003

ESM Vulnerability SCI, CA, FORCEnet

Jul 2004

•Networked Radar Threat and EO System Performance Surveillance Targeting Acquisition Network (STAN- 5 &-7) Tactical Network Topology (TNT)

Camp Roberts. MRY Bay, FORCEnet SOCOM focused

Feb 2004Aug 2004 Mar 2005Sep 2005

Denied area METOC collection/NetworkTrident Warrior/Silent Hammer

SCI, CA, FORCEnet

Oct 2004

•Applications wrt Near-surface Sampling Buoy Data &Navy Propagation Measmnts

San Diego BayHEL program

Dec 2004- Dec 2005

Developed/Demonstrated METOC Technologies for ISRDeveloped/Demonstrated METOC Technologies for ISR

Networked

Experiment Area & Measurement Points

NPS Buoy

7.2 km path

IR Detector

IR Source

NPS Buoy Deployments

1) 1 Dec 04 – 9 Mar 05

2) 17 Mar 05 - 6 Jun 05

3) 9 Jun 05 – 25 Jul 05

4) 27 Jul 05 – 17 Oct 05

5)20 Oct 05 – ~15 Dec 05

Propagation Loss for Standard AtmospherePropagation Loss for Standard Atmosphere

M increases with height

Effects

Predicts atmospheric properties that affect radar propagation (modified refractivity profile) from basic met measurements

NPS Evaporation Duct Model

Measured parameters (WS, Tair, Tsea, RH)

Evap Duct

Height

Radar waves bend down

Radar waves bend up

NPS Model computes profiles

Propagation Loss for Evaporation DuctPropagation Loss for Evaporation Duct

Greatly Increased Detection Ranges Possible

Duct Ht = 65 ft, radar @ 55 ft

Duct

Effects

Effects of Different Ducting Types on Radar Detection EVS Test Example, SCI, 17 July 2004

Propagation Loss for Surface-Based DuctPropagation Loss for Surface-Based Duct

Skip Zone

Increased Detection Ranges Possible

Top of Trapping Layer

Duct

No Skip Zone

Complex Interference Zone

Sfc-Based Duct

EvapDuct

Propagation Loss for Evaporation & Propagation Loss for Evaporation & Surface-Based DuctsSurface-Based Ducts

Effects

Rf Effects Field Tests with Propagation, Observed and Satellite/COAMPS Data

Location / Year Field Test / Exercise COAMPS Data Source

1) Wallops Island, VA, 2000

NAVSEA Spy-1 Radar TestsNAVSEA/ONR

NRL-MRY (Burk)

2) Oahu, HI, 2001

RED EM/EO TestsONR

NRL-DC (Caffrey& Shi)

3) Dam Neck, VA, 2002

Combatant Craft Signature NSW

NPS/MR Miller)

4) San Clemente Is, CA, 2004

Vulnerability Studies (EVS) JHU-APL/CSDS-12

NRL-MRY (Doyle)

5) San Clemente Is, CA, 2004

Silent Hammer Flt EXNETWARCOM/NSW

NAWC (Eddington)

6) Port Everglades, FL 2005

Vulnerability Studies (LANTSECEX) CSDS-12

FNMOC (Keeter)

Electro-Optical Systems

• Forward Looking Infrared imagers, sensors (FLIR)

• Night Vision Goggles (NVG)

• TV systems• Laser systems

– Designator– Detector– Rangefinder

Overview Components Verification Operations

Target Aquisition Weapons System

(TAWS) Thesis topics

Goal of our Support

• Performance Prediction System to enable operators to exploit mission environment

• TAWS & IRTSS optimize mission effectiveness while minimizing threat exposure

Approach axis & timingOptimum altitudeSensor cueingThermal crossoverPolarityIllumination (Wx -impacted)

Dynamic imageryCircular loopLevel approach

Infrared Target Scene Simulation(IRTSS)

Visualizations Simulation of cockpit displaySituational awareness

Overview Components Verification Operations

Components

Sensor models• NVTHERM• CCDCAM• FLIR 92• Developer

updates

• Target / Background

• New targets• Target

optimization• Background

analysis• Automated

analysis– Seasonal

variations– Satellite

support

Environment• Atmospheric

transmission• Aerosols• Turbulence

Verification

– Types of analysis• Detection• Recognition• Identification

– Time series– Angle series– Solar effects

• Target/background thermal models

– Cloud effects• Cloud types• Cloud density• Cloud concentration

Overview Components Verification Operations

Questions