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Assessment of InjuriesLecture 6
Assessment
with a sports related injury the athletic therapist is expected to evaluate the situation , assess the extent and seriousness of the injury and determine the necessary next step
ie. treatment, referral to physician, hospital etc
Assessing an Injury
History, Observation, Range of motion, Special tests and Palpation’s
History history taking requires practice and
patience and involves asking lots of questions
the therapist must listen and establish a rapport with the athlete
a complete history includes primary complaint , mechanism of
injury , extent of pain, disability due to the injury , pervious injuries and family history
Observation
is a visual analysis of the overall appearance, symmetry , motor function , posture and gait of the individual
often the therapist will see the injury happen, however many times they will not
in observation the therapist will note the individuals willingness to move, ability to move, did they walk in, crutches etc
here a posture assessment may be performed
inspect the injury site deformities, discoloration , swelling ,
scars,
Range of Motion
I) Active Range of Motion
shows their ability and willingness to move is joint motion performed voluntarily by the
individual determines possible damage to contractile
tissue measures muscle strength
II) Passive range of motion
body part is move with no assistance from the injured individual
distinguishes injury to noncontractile tissue (bone, ligament, bursae)
III) Resisted movement
outside resistance is added to the movement
isometric contraction assess muscle strength
Special Tests
1) Stress tests each body segment has a series of special
tests to assess joint function and integrity test ligaments, intra-articular structures,
impingement’s and joint capsule stability
1) Neurologic testing nerve roots – named by where they depart
the spinal column each nerve root supplies nerve impulses
to a series of muscles and an area of skin myotome – a group of muscles innervated
by a single nerve root dermatome – a region of skin supplied by
a single nerve root
3) reflex testing exaggerated, distorted or absent reflexes
indicate degeneration or injury to the nervous system
most familiar – patella reflex or knee jerk (L3)
Palpation
bilateral palpation of paired anatomical structure can help to detect
temperature changes, swelling, point tenderness, crepitus, muscle spasm, pulses and sensations
palpate painful area last, start on uninjured side and compare