ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HUMANITARIAN CONSTRUCTION. A case study from school reconstruction project in Haiti. 24.05.2012 Shelter Meeting

ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HUMANITARIAN CONSTRUCTION.A case study from school reconstruction project in Haiti.

24.05.2012 Shelter Meeting 12a Matti Kuittinen, Finn Church Aid / Aalto University

Who are we?

• The largest NGO in Finland working in development cooperation, second-largest in humanitarian assistance

• Programs in 30 countries

• Staff: 100 (HQ) + 85 (field)

• 31 million euros for aid and other operations (2011)

• A member of the ACT Alliance, one of the largest aid agency networks in the world

• Leading university in Finland

• 6 schools with 17 000 students and 300 professors

• Strong multi-disciplinary education and research

• Department of Architecture has strong emphasis on sustainable construction

• Humanitarian issues are an emerging research field

In this presentation

PROCESSQUALITY

CARBON FOOTPRINT

SCHOOL RECONSTRUCTION IN HAITI RECYCLING

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

PROCESS QUALITYCARBON FOOTPRINTRECYCLING ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE HAITI

FCAOPERATIONAREA

316.000 dead

300.000 injured

1.5 million homeless

250.000 homes

30.000 public buildings

4.000 schools

low school attendance rate


120TEMPORARY SCHOOL TENTS

240TRANSITIONAL SCHOOLS

50PERMANENT SCHOOL CENTRES> 200 BUILDINGS


Our permanent school model is very simple and designed to fit in local built environment


The basic school units can be applied in different combinations that best fit to the site


Structures are dimensioned for:

•Wind loads: 150 mph (hurricane class 4)

•Earth quake: 8 richter

•Calculations are based on Canadian Building Code and Eurocode 5 and 8 (approved for reconstruction in Haiti)


Photo © Zara Järvinen

Consulting Engineers of Ontario Humanitarian Award 2012

ACT AllicanceClimate Award 2011Silver medal


North American Wood Award2011


20 million cubic metres of rubble

1 000 truck loads, 1 000 days


RING BEAMREINFORCED CONCRETE

SHEAR WALLSREINFORCED CONCRETE

RECYCLED RUBBLEBETWEEN THE COLUMNS

LOAD-BEARING COLUMNSREINFORCED CONCRETE

ROOF TRUSSESPRESERVED TIMBER

STUCCO ON TOP OF THERUBBLE MASONRY

FOUNDATION AND FLOORREINFORCED CONCRETE


filling the gabions with rubble


Suitable for cash-for-work programme


Rubble


WHY SHOULD WE CARE ABOUT CARBON FOOTPRINT?

The amount of refugees is likely to reach400 millions ... 1 billion by year 2050

The increase of refugees likely leads into certain

increase in humanitarian construction.

At the same time, the world is trying to

keep global warming within 2 degrees.

Globally, the construction sector causes around 40% of greenhouse gas emissions.

ISSUE:How can we provide the refugees with decent

shelter without increasing the global warming?


RESULTS FROM CARBON FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT

Concrete blocks

Clay bricks

Recycled rubble concrete

Sources of carbon footprint Comparison: Same school in different materials

Carbon emissions 47.818 kg CO2-eq.

Carbon storage 6.899 kg of CO2-eq.

Total carbon footprint 40.918 kg of CO2-eq.

Calculation

System boundary: •Load-bearing frame and finishes included•Only material emissions included•Design service life: 100 years•Replacement of vulnerable components 2-3 x per DSL


CHALLENGES IN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Chart: Source and copyright CEN / EN15978

No referencedata found

Only ”western” reference data found

Biggest impact for life cycle environmental loads

Life-cycle approach


Set of role-based task lists

Roles:

- Director of int.coop.

- Head of unit

- Country representative

- Project manager

- Architect

- Engineer

- Onsite technical team

- EDU expert

- Legal expert

- Comms expert

- HAT


Draft of a ”Task Map”

The full life cycle of a school construction project has been listed into a role-based task map. It contains all relevant stakeholders of the project, shows responsible persons for each part and indicates who should contribute.

Stakeholders are here

Project phases are here

Responsibilities are shown here



BIO GAS COLLECTORS

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC

PANELS

?PRIMARY ENERGY

DEMAND OF HUMANITARIAN SHELTERS AND

SCHOOLS

FIELD ASSESSMENT IN SENDAI AREA,

JAPAN

COMPUTER SIMULATIONS

COLLECTION OF DATA FROM OTHER

LOCATIONS

SCHEMATIC DRAFT OF SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR HUMANITARIAN USE

PRELIMINARY CRITERIA FOR HUMANITARIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

QUANTITATIVE ISSUES●Time should be included in lifecycle assessment. It is often very critical component in humanitarian construction projects.●Service life assessment criteria should be modified to better suit into a low-tech approach.●Assessment of transportation requires an approach of its own.

QUALITATIVE ISSUES●Suitability to local or vernacular building culture should be included.●Ownership of the buildings should be developed starting from the commissioning phase.●Suitability for dismantling and re-use should be included in assessment.●Global warming potential of the construction project should be assessed too.

Future steps

• Education in emergencies will be strategic focus area of Finn Church Aid

• Green School Concept under development

• Construction projects included

• Cooperation with IDB for the development of schools in Haiti (10 M USD)

• Active participation into Global Education Cluster

• Refugee camp pilot school projects are being prepared

• Scientific analysis of life cycle carbon footprint of humanitarian construction

• Greenhouse gas emissions

• Primary energy use

• Technical development of structural concepts that have optimised carbon footprint

• Comparison of sustainability standards (CEN, ISO) in humanitarian context

• Building physical field tests of refugee camp schools

• Thermal comfort, moisture safety, indoor air quality, VOC´s

We are open for cooperation!

SUSTAINABILITYBELONGS TO ALL!

Contacts

30

Mr. Matti KuittinenArchitect, researcherTel. +358 50 594 [email protected]

Mr. Jouni HembergDirector of International CooperationTel. +358 325 [email protected] www.finnchurchaid.fi

Ms. Sari KaipainenReconstruction manager, HaitiTel. +509 3711 [email protected]

Documents

ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HUMANITARIAN CONSTRUCTION. A case study from school reconstruction project in Haiti. 24.05.2012 Shelter Meeting