Assignment 2_ Second Language Acquisition - Auni

ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEETINTERNATIONAL DEGREE PROGRAMME

A. Student/S To Complete

Module Name: INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

Module Code: 4FHE 1053

Student Name: AUNI BAZILAH BINTI ALIAS Student Id Number: PLPPIP2011/096//KIC

Lecturer Name: DR. SUNIL Tutor Group: A5 SAMAD SAID

Assignment No./Name: ASSIGNMENT 2

Due Date: 29 SEPTEMBER 2013 Date Submitted: 29 SEPTEMBER 2013

Word Count:

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Student Signature: Date: 29 SEPTEMBER 2013

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Kirkby International College Practises Internal Moderation Of Assignments Based On An Agreed Selection Criteria.If There Is An Internal Moderator’s Signature, This Assignment Was Selected To Facilitate The Internal Moderation Of This Course.

AUNI BAZILAH BINTI ALIAS A5- A.SAMAD SAID

1. What do you understand by the term ‘affective factors’? In not more than 300 of your own words summarize Krashen’s views on the role of ‘affective factors’ in the learning of a second language.

In my opinion, affective factors are emotional factors which influence learning in term

of self-esteem, inhibition, risk taking, anxiety and empathy. Krashen is well-known for

his theory of second language acquisition, which consists of five main hypotheses which

are the acquisition-learning, the monitor, the natural order, the input, and the affective

filter hypothesis. For instance, the acquisition-Learning distinction is the most

fundamental of all the hypotheses in Krashen's theory and the most widely known

among linguists and language practitioners. According to Krashen there are two

independent systems of second language performance: 'the acquired system' and 'the

learned system'. The 'acquired system' or 'acquisition' is the product of a subconscious

process very similar to the process children undergo when they acquire their first

language. It requires meaningful interaction in the target language - natural

communication - in which speakers are concentrated not in the form of their utterances,

but in the communicative act. The 'learned system' or 'learning' is the product of formal

instruction and it comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge

'about' the language, for example knowledge of grammar rules. According to Krashen

'learning' is less important than 'acquisition'.

The other example of Krashen theory is the natural order hypothesis. This theory is

based on research findings which suggested that the acquisition of grammatical

structures follows a 'natural order' which is predictable. For a given language, some

grammatical structures tend to be acquired early while others late. These variables

include motivation, self-confidence and anxiety. Krashen claims that learners with high

motivation, self-confidence, a good self-image, and a low level of anxiety are better

equipped for success in second language acquisition. In this English lesson, the

students are helped a lot in acquisition because learning English alone can be quite

ineffective. Low motivation, low self-esteem, and debilitating anxiety can combine to


'raise' the affective filter and form a 'mental block' that prevents comprehensible input

from being used for acquisition. In other words, when the filter is 'up' it impedes

language acquisition. On the other hand, positive affect is necessary, but not sufficient

on its own, for acquisition to take place in learning.

2. Reflect on your own experience of learning English. Use the table below to list the positive and negative experiences which had an effect on your language learning and say what kind of impact they had on you. You must mention at least 3 positive and 3 negative experiences.

Details of experience Impact on learning of English

Positive experiences

When I was at primary school,

I was afraid during an English

class. This is because the

teacher asked us to speak

English during her class. If we

cannot speak even in one

sentence, we will be get a

punishment.

I am able to communicate in

English with others. I don’t feel

nervous or being shy when I am

mingles with my foreigner

friends.

I have improved my English

when reading English

storybooks. By reading books I

manage to identify the

structure of sentence in a

correct way. In the same time,

I am able to improve my

grammar and vocabulary.

I think my English writing is

improved because I was able to

make proper sentences and use

the suitable vocabulary. Now I

have more confident in writing. I

learned how to write down my

ideas and thoughts effectively. I

also learned how to write an

academic paper.


I had attending tuition class for

English subject. We always are

given an exercise on how to

use the correct grammar by a

teacher. Besides that, she also

prepared a grammar game

using interesting flash cards.

I’m getting interested to increase

my vocabulary. I ask my mom to

buy for me the ‘scrabble’ game.

When I bored I play this game with

my friends so that I can collect

new words that I never know

before. I will look up to dictionary

to find out the meaning. It helps

me a lot.

Negative experiences

When I was 12, the teacher

always asked us to read loudly

but did not give us the correct

way of pronunciation.

Pronunciation is quite important

for a student to learn. The impact

is the students unable to speak

correctly and do not have

confidence to speak to others.

My teacher did not talk in

English in the class when he

teaches us.

As an English teacher, they should

be speaking English in the class

because it can encourage

students to speak English.

I did not like my teachers when

I was on secondary school

because she was too depend

on textbooks.

Teacher should not too depend on

textbooks. They should make an

interesting activity as English

subject is a boring subject to

students.


3. Think of 3 things that the classroom teacher can do to create a positive atmosphere in the classroom to aid language learning. Discuss briefly (in 2-3 sentences) how each of these things can help the learner.

i. Using humour in the classroomThe evidence said that humour is an extremely effective tool in education. The use of

humour in the classroom can reduces tension, improves classroom climate,

increases enjoyment, increases student-teacher rapport and even facilitates

learning.

ii. Cover the walls of classroom with positive messagesUsing posters with motivational pictures and words, inspirational quotations from

great people, positive paintings, drawings and poems which done by the

students.

iii. Create a class dictionary of positive words. Start with an A - Z template and get your students to add positive words to the

template. Make it big and put it on the wall.



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Assignment 2_ Second Language Acquisition - Auni