Assignment (Radio Pakistan )

ASSIGNMENTIssues in Mass Communication

Topic:

Radio Pakistan

Submitted to: Sir Atif Shahzad

Submitted by: Maria Jamil

MSC 3rd Sem (Eve)

Date: 25th-Apr-2014

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES

Radio PakistanPakistan Broadcasting Corporation

What is Radio ?“The transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of radio frequency, especially those carrying

sound messages “.“The activity or industry of broadcasting sound programs to the public”

History of Radio Pakistan :The Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation, popularly called Radio Pakistan came into being as Pakistan Broadcasting Service on 14 August 1947 when Pakistan emerged on the world map as a new country. The independence of Pakistan was announced through Radio Pakistan on Aug 13, 1947 at 11:59 pm in Urdu, followed by a similar announcement in English. Mustafa Ali Hamdani made the announcement in the following words:“Pakistan Broadcasting Service. We are speaking from Lahore. The night between the thirteen and fourteen of August, year forty seven. It is twelve o'clock. Dawn of Freedom.”At independence Pakistan possessed three radio stations at Dhaka (established in 1939), Lahore (1937) and Peshawar (1936). A major program of expansion saw new stations opened at Karachi and Rawalpindi in 1948, and a new broadcasting house at Karachi in 1950. This was followed by new stations at Hyderabad (1951), Quetta (1956), a second station at Rawalpindi (1960) and a Receiving Centre at Peshawar (1960).In 1970, training facilities were opened in Islamabad and a station opened at Multan. A major step was the establishment of the Radio Pakistan World Service on 21 April 1973 for overseas Pakistanis followed by new stations at Khairpur (1974) and Bahawalpur (1975).The main broadcasting unit of PBC at Islamabad moved to the new National Broadcasting House in 1977 and the service reached the remotest parts of Pakistan with stations at Gilgit (1977) and Skardu (1977) in the far north and Turbat (1981) in the far southwest. From 1981 to 1982 stations and transmitters were also established at Dera Ismail Khan, Khuzdar and Faisalabad.Radio Pakistan opened a new broadcasting house in Khairpur on 7 May 1986, followed by relay stations in 1989 at Sibi and Abbottabad. The remoter parts of the country began to receive coverage with new stations opened in the 1990s at Chitral, Loralai and Zhob.Back Ground : The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (formerly, RAMBO - Regulatory Authority for Media and Broadcast Organizations) was formed to gradually liberate the broadcasting sector in Pakistan. PEMRA has issued a number of licenses to Cable TV operations, FM Radio stations, and Satellite TV Channels.Radio is the most effective media tool today even in the era of IT and multimedia communication

The introduction of FM channels:

Yet‚ benefiting from experiences gained in other countries‚ Pakistan broadcasting corporation introduced a musical channel on the FM band at its Karachi station in


April‚ 1993. During the same year‚ similar channels started operating under the PBC management from Lahore and Islamabad as well. The immense response that it received from the audiences in the three urban centers convinced the PBC people that they had taken a step in the right direction by setting up FM channel.

The FM channel in the three major cities (Islamabad‚ Lahore‚ Karachi) was named FM 101‚ and it started operating with a facelift from October 1‚ 1998. Youthful presenters with friendly style were engaged and the phone-in facility was made available to the listeners. The transmission hours were also increased so that the channel now remains on the air daily from 6 in the morning till 4:00 am. FM 101 is now operating for 22 hours transmission daily from 8 stations at Islamabad‚ Lahore‚ Karachi‚ Peshawar‚ Quetta‚ Faisalabad‚ Sialkot and Hyderabad. At presents FM 101 channel is the biggest FM channel of Pakistan broadcasting 172 Hours transmission per day from 8 stations.

The programme consists of music mainly of the pop variety. Western music has also been allocated two hours every day‚ form 3 to 4 in the afternoon and 8 to 9 in the evening. The transmission is sprinkled with information on a variety of topics including driving tips‚ horoscopes‚ sports‚ weather updates‚ culture and civilization‚ health and hygiene‚ quiz‚ women and kids issues‚ fashion and style and even stocks and business hints. Prominent personalities of different fields of life are also invited in live shows to talk to the listeners and answer their phone calls. FM 101 channel also broadcast Current Affairs issues as and when required.

The listeners give their feedback and have interaction which the DJs of FM 101 channel through SMS service‚ e-mails and letters. The transmission of FM 101 is also available on the web.

The success of any broadcast organization depends on the style presentation techniques‚ it has adopted. Therefore‚ the first and foremost demand of FM 101 from its presenters is subject knowledge‚ language efficiency and vocabulary with communication skills and mannerism. The presenters of the channel have been provided these skills with extensive training and guidance by experienced production team of PBC.

Different Services of Radio Pakistan :

The PBC provide several services including:

Home Service (Domestic Network). World Service (for overseas Pakistanis) External Service PBC News


News and Current Affair Channel Sautul Quran (Religious Broad Casting) . FM 101 (Services in major town and cities ) National Sound archives.

ExternalServices:

The External Services of Radio Pakistan was started on the 14th August 1949. Initially the programmes were transmitted in 4 languages with four hours duration and now the External Services broadcast programmes for 8 hours daily in 10 foreign languages (Chinese‚ Persian‚ Dari‚ Hindi‚ Pashto‚ Bangla‚ Nepali‚ Sinhalese‚ Tamil and Gujrati) covering Afghanistan‚ Iran‚ China‚ India‚ Bangladesh‚ Nepal & Sri Lanka‚ while Urdu Service for overseas Pakistani listeners‚ broadcast programmes for 8 hours 35 minutes duration daily. It has been pursuing the objectives of introducing Pakistan to the world and projecting Pakistan's long standing policies of peace and friendship with all nations of the world‚ fight against terrorism and its opposition to all forms of hegemony and exploitation in any part of the world.The External Services of Radio Pakistan is a part of the nation’s effort to strengthen its brotherly ties and understanding with the outside world. Main objectives of External Services: The External Services is an integral part of Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation. Its main function is to inform the listeners about policies of Pakistan and disseminate good relations amongst the nations. As a” voice of Pakistan” its broad objectives are;

World Service (Urdu Service):

With the passage of time‚ it was‚ however‚ realized that while External Services were engaged in a laudable mission as Pakistan’s ambassador of peace and goodwill‚ the need of our own countrymen abroad were not adequately met. They did not very much know how things were shaping‚ or what we were doing in Pakistan itself. The Pakistanis in distant lands were suffering‚ perhaps‚ rightly‚ from a sense of detachment.In this background‚ it was decided that External Services should devise special arrangements exclusively to serve our nationals in different corners of the planet. This is how World Service took its shape on 2nd April‚ 1973 as a branch of External Services.World Service brings our people outside the country nearer home‚ sweet home‚ while they are physically so away from home. World Service tells them all about their national affairs‚ events‚ their music and their culture which they so badly miss in a foreign land.At present the World service is broadcasting 8 hours 35 minutes Urdu programmes daily.

Organization structure of Radio :


Mission of the Programmes wing is to entertain people through music programmes‚ features and plays. It educates people on social issues and problems. i.e. public service programmes covering health‚ education‚ environment‚ population welfare‚ agriculture‚ special persons‚ rights of women‚ human rights‚ minoritiesandmedia freedom etc. It informs people about the policies‚ programmes and achievements of the government and disseminate viewpoint of opposition and other stake holders on different issues.

Programs:

There are 25% News and current affairs programs broadcast on radio.

There are 27% Regional, Education and Socio economic broadcast on radio.

And 48 % Entertainment programs broadcast on radio


Different Languages in PBC:

There are 23 regional languages in which programs are broad cast on radio.

Role of PEMRA

PEMRA is an independent corporate body which has been established with effect from 1 st March, 2002 in order to:

1- Improve the standard of information, education and entertainment.


2- Enlarge the choice available to the people of Pakistan in the media for news, current affairs, religious knowledge, art, culture, science, technology, economic development, social sector concerns, music, sports, drama and other subjects of public and national interest.

3- Facilitate the devolution of responsibility and power to the grass roots improving the access of the people to mass media at the local and community level.

4- Ensure accountability, transparency and good governance of optimizing the free flow of information.

These are the four objectives of PEMRA and its working to ensure the quality and quantity of the programs is increasing for the listeners of Radio or the viewers of TV or Film in Pakistan. Till now PEMRA has issued licenses to:

14 channels in Baluchistan 29 in Khyber Pakhtun Khwa 12 in northern areas and Azad Kashmir 78 in Punjab 37 in Sindh

Transmitting network of Radio Pakistan :

MW Transmitter (23) medium wave 530-1700 kHz

FM Transmitter (34) FM 87.5-108 MHz

SW Transmitter (07) shortwave 2.3-26.2 MHz’s


Conclusion:

Today, there are over a hundred public and private radio stations due to more liberal media regulations. FM broadcast licenses are awarded to parties that commit to open FM broadcasting stations in at least one rural city along with the major city of their choice.


Documents

Assignment (Radio Pakistan )