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Asthma phenotypes Pawel Gorski Medical University Lodz

Asthma phenotypes

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Asthma phenotypes. Pawel Gorski Medical University Lodz. Asthma phenotypes-categories. Clinical- mild/moderate, severe Age of the onset- childhood, adulthood IgE dependency- atopic(extrinsic), nonatopic Type of inflammation. Inflammatory Phenotypes. Eosinophilic. Neutrophilic. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Asthma phenotypes

Asthma phenotypesPawel Gorski

Medical UniversityLodz

Page 2: Asthma phenotypes

Asthma phenotypes-categories

• Clinical- mild/moderate, severe• Age of the onset- childhood, adulthood• IgE dependency- atopic(extrinsic),

nonatopic• Type of inflammation

Page 3: Asthma phenotypes

Inflammatory Phenotypes

Eosinophilic Neutrophilic

Paucigranulocytic

Page 4: Asthma phenotypes

Klasyfikacja astmy w oparciu o ocenę plwociny indukowanej

Astma nieeozynofilowa Astma eozonofilowa

Liczba eo w normie(<1,9%) Liczba eo > 1,9%

Liczba neutrofilów Zapalenie ubogo granulocytarne Zapalenie eozynofilowe

w normie (<61%) Astma dobrze kontrolowana Typowa astma, często atopia,

Rozważ alternatywną diagnozę Rozważ dawkę kortykosteroidów

Liczba neutrofilów

>61% Zapalenie neutrofilowe Granulocytarne mieszane-Ostra infekcja Ciężkie zaostrzenia astmy

-Infekcja przewlekła (Chlamydia, Astma oporna na leczenie

adenowirus)

-Palenie tytoniu

-Otyłość

-Ekspozycja na endotoksynę

-Antygeny zawodowe

- Zanieczyszczenia powietrza (ozon) Haldar P JACI 2007,119,1043-1052

Page 5: Asthma phenotypes

Non-Eosinophilic asthma

• Symptoms

• Increased Airway responsiveness

• Eosinophils within normal range

Page 6: Asthma phenotypes

Barnes, JACI, 2007

Neutrophilic inflammation in asthma

Page 7: Asthma phenotypes

Characteristics of Neutrophilic Asthma

• Stable asthma: n=259• Eosinophilic n=135, 52%

• Neutrophilic alone n=60, 23%– Less atopy– Older– Later onset asthma

Green RH et al Thorax 2002;57:875-9

Page 8: Asthma phenotypes

Clinical features of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma. Simpson et al.,

Respirology 2006

Eosinophilic

Neutrophilic

Pauci-granulocytic

Mixed

No. of subjects 38 19 29 7

Atopic, % 86% 92% 88% 100%

FEV1% predicted

78% 73% 79% 60%

ICS dose mg/day

1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0

PD15 (ml) 3.4 9.1 7.6 10

Page 9: Asthma phenotypes

Acquired and innate immune pathways leading to asthma (Douwes et al., Thorax 2002)

Paucigranulocytic ???

Page 10: Asthma phenotypes

IL-5

Eosinophils

ECPMBP

IL-8

Neutrophils

NE

Macrophages and Epithelial Cells

Allergens

Activated TH2 Cells

MMP-9

EosinophilicAsthma

NeutrophilicAsthma

Particulates, Pollutants, Virus, Endotoxin

Acquired Immunity

InnateImmunityTLRIgE

NF-kBOxidativestress

Page 11: Asthma phenotypes

Macrophages and Epithelial Cells

Allergens

Activated TH2 Cells

EosinophilicAsthma

NeutrophilicAsthma

Particulates, Pollutants, Virus,Endotoxin, Bacteria

Acquired Immunity

InnateImmunityTLRIgE

Inflammatory cell activation

hyperresponsiveness

ICS X X LABA

X LABA

Remodelling: ASM, mast cells

Page 12: Asthma phenotypes

Prospects for Cure of Neutrophilic Asthma

• Treatable exposure– Infection– non-infection

• Modify host response• Antagonise Neutrophils - LABA

– Chemokine/elastase inhibition

Page 13: Asthma phenotypes

Phenotypes of severe asthma

Page 14: Asthma phenotypes

Infiltrating cells in severe asthma

• “No histologic criteria consistently differentiate severe from milder forms of asthma, perhaps because of confounding by the:

- effects of therapy - difficulty in sampling distal lung

compartments - variation with time”

Chanez, Wenzel et al., JACI, 2007

Page 15: Asthma phenotypes

Does the Inflammatory Phenotype Predict

Response to Corticosteroids?

Page 16: Asthma phenotypes

Odpowiedź na leki• Słabsza na ks jeśli liczba eo w plwocinie <3%

7 prac z lat 2000-2007 wg Haldar P JACI 2007,119,5, 1043-1052

• Ale…… Przecież są to chorzy na ogół otyli, wielu z nich pali papierosy, a u wielu stwierdza się inne choroby zapalne ( zapalenia jelit, hepatitis C, choroby autoimmunologiczne tarczycy, infekcje Helicobacter)

• Czy zatem charakter zapalenia decyduje o odpowiedzi na ks?

• Prawdopodobnie lepsza odpowiedź na etanercept Berry MA i wsp. NEJM 2006, 354, 697-708

• Dobra odpowiedź na LABA Jarayam L i wsp. Eur Respir J 2006, 27, 483-494

Page 17: Asthma phenotypes