ASTM International - Standards for Steel Pipes, Tubes and Fittings

The ASTM standards covers various types of steel pipes, tubes and fittings for high-temperature service, ordinary use and special applications such as fire protection use

Steel Pipes

A53 - A53/A53M-99b - Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless

A74 - A74-98 - Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings A106 - A106-99e1 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service A126 - A126-95e1 - Specification for Grey Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings A134 - A134-96 - Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and

Over) A135 - A135-97c - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe A139 - A139-96e1 - Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and

Over) A182 - A182/A182M-99 - Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged

Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service A252 - A252-98 - Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles A312 - A312/A312M-00 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel

Pipes A333 - A333/A333M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-

Temperature Service A335 - A335/A335M-99 - Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-

Temperature Service A338 - A338-84 (1998) - Specification for Malleable Iron Flanges, Pipe Fittings, and Valve Parts

for Railroad, Marine, and Other Heavy Duty Service at Temperatures Up to 650�F (345�C) A358 - A358/A358M-98 - Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-

Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service A369 - A369/A369M-92 - Specification for Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored

Pipe for High-Temperature Service A376 - A376/A376M-98 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-

Temperature Central-Station Service A377 - A377-99 - Index of Specifications for Ductile-Iron Pressure Pipe A409 - A409/A409M-95ae1 - Specification for Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for

Corrosive or High-Temperature Service A426 - A426-92 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-

Temperature Service A451 - A451-93 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-

Temperature Service A523 - A523-96 - Specification for Plain End Seamless and Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel

Pipe for High-Pressure Pipe-Type Cable Circuits A524 - A524-96 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower

Temperatures

A530 - A530/A530M-99 - Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe

A648 - A648-95e1 - Specification for Steel Wire, Hard Drawn for Pre-stressing Concrete Pipe A674 - A674-95 - Practice for Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile Iron Pipe for Water or Other

Liquids A691 - A691-98 - Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for

High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures A694 - A694/A694M-00 - Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges,

Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service A716 - A716-99 - Specification for Ductile Iron Culvert Pipe A733 - A733-99 - Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and Austenitic Stainless

Steel Pipe Nipples A742 - A742/A742M-98 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic Coated and Polymer Pre-

coated for Corrugated Steel Pipe A746 - A746-99 - Specification for Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe A760 - A760/A760M-99 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated for Sewers

and Drains A761 - A761/A761M-98 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Structural Plate, Zinc-Coated, for

Field-Bolted Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches A762 - A762/A762M-98 - Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Polymer Pre-coated for

Sewers and Drains A790 - A790/A790M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless

Steel Pipe A796 - A796/A796M-99 - Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-Arches,

and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers and Other Buried Applications A798 - A798/A798M-97a - Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for

Sewers and Other Applications A807 - A807/A807M-97 - Practice for Installing Corrugated Steel Structural Plate Pipe for

Sewers and Other Applications A810 - A810-94 - Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Pipe Winding Mesh A813 - A813/A813M-95e2 - Specification for Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless

Steel Pipe A814 - A814/A814M-96 (1998) - Specification for Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless

Steel Pipe A849 - A849-99 - Specification for Post-Applied Coatings, Pavings, and Linings for Corrugated

Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe A861 - A861-94e1 - Specification for High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings A862 - A862/A862M-98 - Practice for Application of Asphalt Coatings to Corrugated Steel

Sewer and Drainage Pipe A865 - A865-97 - Specification for Threaded Couplings, Steel, Black or Zinc-Coated

(Galvanized) Welded or Seamless, for Use in Steel Pipe Joints A872 - A872-91 (1997) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel

Pipe for Corrosive Environments A885 - A885/A885M-96 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc and Aramid Fiber Composite

Coated for Corrugated Steel Sewer, Culvert, and Underdrain Pipe A888 - A888-98e1 - Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and

Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications A926 - A926-97 - Test Method for Comparing the Abrasion Resistance of Coating Materials for

Corrugated Metal Pipe A928 - A928/A928M-98 - Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe

Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal

A929 - A929/A929M-97 - Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process for Corrugated Steel Pipe

A930 - A930-99 - Practice for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Corrugated Metal Pipe Used for Culverts, Storm Sewers, and Other Buried Conduits

A943 - A943/A943M-95e1 - Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

A949 - A949/A949M-95e1 - Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe

A954 - A954-96 - Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel Seamless and Welded Pipe

A972 - A972/A972M-99 - Specification for Fusion Bonded Epoxy-Coated Pipe Piles A978 - A978/A978M-97 - Specification for Composite Ribbed Steel Pipe, Precoated and

Polyethylene Lined for Gravity Flow Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, and Other Special Applications

A984 - A984/A984M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain-End, Electric-Resistance-Welded

A998 - A998/A998M-98 - Practice for Structural Design of Reinforcements for Fittings in Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications

A999 - A999/A999M-98 - Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe

A1005 - A1005/A1005M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End, Longitudinal and Helical Seam, Double Submerged-Arc Welded

A1006 - A1006/A1006M-00 - Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain End, Laser Beam Welded

Steel Tubes

Superheater, Boiler and Miscellaneous Tubes:

A178 - A178/A178M-95 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

A179 - A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A192 - A192/A192M-91 (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure Service

A209 - A209/A209M-98 - Specification for Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

A210 - A210/A210M-96 - Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

A213 - A213/A213M-99a - Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

A249 - A249/A249M-98e1 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes

A250 - A250/A250M-95 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

A254 - A254-97 - Specification for Copper-Brazed Steel Tubing A268 - A268/A268M-96 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic

Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service A269 - A269-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for

General Service A270 - A270-98ae1 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary

Tubing

A334 - A334/A334M-99 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service

A423 - A423/A423M-95 - Specification for Seamless and Electric-Welded Low-Alloy Steel Tubes

A450 - A450/A450M-96a - Specification for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes

A608 - A608-91a (1998) - Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures

A618 - A618-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing

A632 - A632-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing (Small-Diameter) for General Service

A688 - A688/A688M-98 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes

A771 - A771/A771M-95 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components

A778 - A778-98 - Specification for Welded, Unanneled Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular Products

A789 - A789/A789M-00 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service

A803 - A803/A803M-98 - Specification for Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes

A822 - A822-90 (1995) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hydraulic System Service

A826 - A826/A826M-95 - Specification for Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Duct Tubes for Liquid Metal-Cooled Reactor Core Components

A847 - A847-99a - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High Strength, Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance

A908 - A908-91 (1998) - Specification for Stainless Steel Needle Tubing A953 - A953-96 - Specification for Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon Alloy Steel Seamless

and Welded Tubing -

Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A179 - A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 - Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A213 - A213/A213M-99a - Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes

A214 - A214/A214M-96 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Tubes

A249 - A249/A249M-98e1 - Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes

A498 - A498-98 - Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon, Ferritic, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins

A851 - A851-96 - Specification for High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed, Austenitic Steel Condenser Tubes -

Structural Tubing

A500 - A500-99 - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes

A501 - A501-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing

A847 - A847-99a - Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless High Strength, Low Alloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance

A618 - A618-99 - Specification for Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Tubing -

Mechanical Tubing

A511 - A511-96 - Specification for Seamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing A512 - A512-96 - Specification for Cold-Drawn Buttweld Carbon Steel Mechanical Tubing A513 - A513-98 - Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel

Mechanical Tubing A519 - A519-96 - Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing A554 - A554-98e1 - Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing -

Welded Fittings

A234 - A234/A234M-99 - Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service

A403 - A403/A403M-99a - Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings A420 - A420/A420M-99 - Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy

Steel for Low-Temperature Service A758 - A758/A758M-98 - Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping Fittings

with Improved Notch Toughness A774 - A774/A774M-98 - Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel

Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures -

Carbon Steel Pipes - Comparing American & European Specifications

Comparing standards of carbon steel pipes from USA, Germany, UK and Sweden

USA UK Germany Sweden

ASTM A 53 BS3601 DIN 1629  

Grade A SMLS HFS 22 & CDS 22 St 35 SIS 1233-05

Grade B SMLS HFS 27 & CDS 27 St 45 SIS 1434-05

       

ASTM A 53 BS3601 DIN 1626  

Grade A ERW ERW 22 Blatt 3 St 34-2 ERW  

Grade B ERW ERW 27 Blatt 3 St 37-2 ERW  

       

ASTM A 53 BS3601 DIN 1626  

FBW BW 22 Blatt 3 St 34-2 FBW  

       

ASTM A 106 BS3602 DIN 17175 2)  

Grade A HFS 23 St 35-8 SIS 1233-06

Grade B HFS 27 St 45-8 SIS 1435-05

Grade C HFS 35    

       

ASTM A 134 BS3601 DIN 1626  

  EFW Blatt 2 EFW  

       

ASTM A 135 BS3601 DIN 1626  

Grade A ERW 22 Blatt 3 St 34-2 ERW SIS 1233-06

Grade B ERW 27 Blatt 3 St 37-2 ERW SIS 1434-06

       

ASTM A 139 BS3601 DIN 1626  

Grade A EFW 22 Blatt 2 St 37  

Grade B EFW 27 Blatt 2 St 42  

       

ASTM A 155 Class 2 BS3602DIN 1626, Blatt 3 with certification C  

C45   St 34-2  

C50   St 37-2  

C55   St 42-2  

KC55 EFW 28 St 42-2 2)

KC60     St 42-2 2)    

KC65 EFW 28S St 52-2  

KC70   St 52-2  

       

API 5L BS3601 DIN 1629  

Grade A SMLS HFS 22 & CDS 22 St 35 SIS 1233-05

Grade B SMLS HFS 27 & CDS 27 St 45 SIS 1434-06 *

       

API 5L BS3601 DIN 1625  

Grade A ERW ERW 22 Blatt 3 St 34-2 ERW  

Grade B ERW ERW 27 1) Blatt 4 St 37-2 ERW  

       

API 5L BS3601 Double welded DIN 1626  

Grade A EFW ERW 22 Blatt 3 St 34-2 FW  

Grade B EFW ERW 27 1) Blatt 4 St 37-2 FW  

       

API 5L BS3601 DIN 1626  

FBW BW 22 Blatt 3 St 34-2 FBW  

1) Specify API 5L Grade B testing procedures for these steels

Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels Classification

Steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, columbium (niobium), molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium or zirconium

The composition, such as carbon, low-alloy or stainless steel. The manufacturing methods, such as open hearth, basic oxygen process, or electric furnace methods. The finishing method, such as hot rolling or cold rolling The product form, such as bar plate, sheet, strip, tubing or structural shape The deoxidation practice, such as killed, semi-killed, capped or rimmed steel The microstructure, such as ferritic, pearlitic and martensitic The required strength level, as specified in ASTM standards The heat treatment, such as annealing, quenching and tempering, and thermomechanical processing Quality descriptors, such as forging quality and commercial quality.

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME is one of the leading organizations in the world developing codes and standards

Technical Divisions and Subdivisions

Advancing the science and practice of mechanical engineering is the responsibility of the Society's 37 Technical Divisions and Subdivisions, which span a vast array of disciplines, technologies and industries:

Advanced Energy Systems - Promotes the advancement of emerging energy conversion devices and processes, such as hydrogen technologies, fuel cells and heat pumps, and understanding of thermo economics.

Aerospace - Concerns mechanical engineering of aircraft and manned/unmanned spacecraft design, including adaptive structures and materials, propulsion systems and life support equipment.

Applied Mechanics - Advances the study of how media, including solids, fluids and systems, respond to external stimuli, as well as the specialized areas of shock and vibration and computer applications.

Bioengineering - Focused on the application of mechanical engineering principles to the conception, design, development, analysis and operation of biomechanical systems.

Computers & Information in Engineering - Concerned with the application of emerging computer simulation technology to enhance the entire engineering process.

Design Engineering - Addresses the design concepts of machines and mechanisms, such as fastening/joining methods and gearing, as well as design aspects affecting reliability and manufacturability.

Dynamic Systems & Control - Concentrates on control methods and devices, from servomechanisms and regulators to automatic controls, for dynamic systems involving forces, motion and/or the flow of energy or material.

Electronic & Photonic Packaging - Fosters cooperation on mechanical engineering considerations of microelectronics, photonics, microwave and microelectromechanical systems design and manufacturing.

Environmental Engineering - Concerns air, ground and water pollution control technologies, including environmental remediation and mixed hazardous/radioactive waste management.

Fluids Engineering - Involved in fluid mechanics in all types of systems and processes involving fluid flow, including pumps, turbines, compressors, pipelines, biological fluid elements and hydraulic structures.

Fluid Power Systems & Technology - Advances the design and analysis of fluid power components, such as hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, pumps, motors and modulating components, in various systems and applications.

Fuels & Combustion Technologies - Dedicated to the understanding of fuels and combustion systems in modern utility and industrial power plants, including fuels handling, preparation, processing and by-product emissions controls.

Heat Transfer - Enhances the theory and application of heat transfer in equipment and thermodynamic processes in all fields of mechanical engineering and related technologies.

Information Storage & Processing Systems - Focuses on the mechanics of electronic information storage devices and their manufacture, with primary focus on rigid and floppy disks, magnetic tape, VCR and optical disk technologies.

Internal Combustion Engine - Furthers mechanical engineering of all types of reciprocating combustion engines, including diesel and spark ignited engines for mobile, marine, rail and stationary power generation applications.

International Gas Turbine Institute - Supports the design, manufacture and operation of gas turbine and aeroengine machinery in various applications, including aircraft, marine and electric power generation.

Management - Concerns the management of the engineering process to control resources, both human and material, to improve the quality of products and services provided by organizations.

Manufacturing Engineering - Fosters the transfer of technology related to manufacturing systems for improved production performance, including machine tools, computer integrated manufacturing and robotics.

Materials - Focuses on the properties of materials, such as metals, ceramics, composites and polymers, and its influence on design consideration in materials selection for engineering structures.

Materials Handling Engineering - Promotes the dissemination and application of technological advancements in material transport systems through mechanical engineering, systems engineering and information technology.

Microelectromechanical Systems Subdivision - Furthers developments of miniature devices combining electrical, mechanical, optical, chemical and/or biological components fabricated via integrated circuit or similar manufacturing techniques.

Noise Control & Acoustics - Advances the application of physical principles of acoustics to the solution of noise control problems, as well as the uses of acoustics in industrial applications.

NonDestructive Evaluation Engineering - Covers the evaluation of critical system components for material/defect/structure characterization through nondestructive methods, such as ultrasonics, radiography and other techniques.

Nuclear Engineering - Concerns the design, development, testing, operation and maintenance of nuclear reactor systems and components, fusion, heat transport, nuclear fuels technology and radioactive waste.

Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engineering - Promotes international technological progress in the recovery of energy resources in offshore and arctic environments, as well as systems, equipment and vehicles for underwater sea usage.

Petroleum - Covers mechanical systems used in the entire area of petroleum drilling, production, refining, processing, and transportation, as well as management and environmental concerns.

Pipeline Systems Division - Promotes pipeline systems technology, including automation, rotating equipment, geotechnics, heat transfer, offshore, materials, GIS, database, environmental issues, design, construction, and integrity.

Plant Engineering & Maintenance - Focuses on the design, fabrication, installation, operation and maintenance of manufacturing systems, equipment, processes and facilities to create products of enhanced value.

Power - Disseminates information on the research, design, operation, economics, and environmental effects of fossil-fired thermal power generation systems, including hydroelectric.

Pressure Vessels & Piping - Concerns the design, fabrication, inspection, operation and failure prevention of power boilers, heating boilers, pipelines, pumps, valves and other pressure-bearing components and vessels.

Process Industries - Focuses on the design of systems and machines for heating, cooling or treating industrial fluids and gases, including the efficient management and control of the processes themselves.

Rail Transportation - Covers the mechanical design, construction, operation and maintenance of locomotives, freight, passenger and commuter cars in railroads and mass transit systems.

Safety Engineering & Risk Analysis - Promotes practices that lead to reduced risk and loss prevention by creating safer products, processes, and occupational environments.

Solar Energy - Concerned with all aspects of solar-derived energy for mechanical and electrical power generation, as well as wind energy and ocean thermal energy conversion.

Solid Waste Processing - Addresses the design, construction and operation of solid waste processing and disposal facilities, including waste-to-energy combustors, materials recovery/recycling, landfills and composting.

Technology & Society - Covers all issues concerning the inter-relationships between technological innovation and the world community, as well as the social responsibility of the engineer.

Textile Engineering - Focuses on product and process technology for the improvement of fiber, composite material, textile, and apparel manufacturing operations, machinery and instrumentation.

Tribology - Involved in all aspects of friction, lubrication and wear in mechanical designs and manufacturing processes, as well as its economic impact on system reliability and maintainability.

Popular Publications from ASME

The ASME committees within the different divisions and subdivisions develops, updates and publish some of the worlds most used codes and standards. Some of the popular titles are:

ASME 2004 Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code - The Code, which is issued once every three years, is comprised of 28 separate volumes which establish rules of safety governing the design, fabrication and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels, including nuclear power systems. The Code has been updated to incorporate advancements in boiler and pressure vessel design, materials and applications, and provides the latest information to maintain ASME Code Symbol Stamps.

ASME A17-CD - CD-ROM for Elevators and Escalators. Includes: A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators - A17.2 Guide for Inspection of Elevators, Escalators and Moving Walks - A17.3 Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators

ASME B31.1 - 2001 Power Piping - The code prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations, industrial institutional plants, central and district heating plants. The code covers boiler external piping for power boilers and high temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 PSIG; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 PSIG and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.

ASME B31.3 - 2002 Process Piping - The Code contains rules for piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals. The Code prescribes requirements for materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping. The Code applies to piping for all fluids including: (1) raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; (2) petroleum products; (3) gas, steam, air and water; (4) fluidized solids; (5) refrigerants; and (6) cryogenic fluids. Also included is piping which interconnects pieces or stages within a packaged equipment assembly.

ASME V14.5M - 1994 Dimensioning and Tolerance - The standard establishes uniform practices for stating and interpreting dimensioning, tolerances, and related requirements for use on engineering drawings and in related documents. For a mathematical explanation of many of the principles in this standard, see ASME Y14.5.1m. Practices unique to architectural and civil engineering, land, welding symbology are not included.

ASME B16.5 - 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings - The Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and in rating Classes 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500. Flanges and flanged fittings may be cast, forged, or (for blind flanges and certain reducing flanges only) plate materials as listed in Table 1A. Requirements and recommendations regarding bolting and gaskets are also included.

ASME B31.4 - 1998 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and other Liquids - The Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, and testing of piping

transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia and liquid petroleum products between producers' lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries, stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other delivery and receiving points. Piping consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings and the pressure containing parts of other piping components. It also includes hangers and supports, and other equipment items necessary to prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts. It does not include support structures such as frames of buildings, buildings stanchions or foundations or any equipment such as defined in para. 400.1.2(B). Requirements for offshore pipelines are found in Chapter IX. Also included within the scope of this Code are: (A) Primary and associated auxiliary liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail and truck), tank farms, pump stations, pressure reducing stations and metering stations, including scraper traps, strainers, and prover loop; (B) Storage and working tanks including pipe-type storage fabricated from pipe and fittings, and piping interconnecting these facilities; (C) Liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping located on property which has been set aside for such piping within petroleum refinery, natural gasoline, gas processing, ammonia, and bulk plants; (D) Those aspects of operation and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems relating to the safety and protection of the general public, operating company personnel, environment, property and the piping systems.