• Asymmetrical

• Having no

specific shape

• Bilateral

•½ body is mirror

image of other ½

• Radial

Symmetry

• Same distance

around a central

point or line

–Like a wheel

• Anterior

–Front end of an

animal (head)

• Posterior

–Back end of an

animal (tail)

• Dorsal

–Back

• Ventral

–Belly or underside

(stomach)

• Endothermic

– Maintaining a

constant body

temperature

• Ectothermic

– Body temperature

same as surrounding

temperature

98.6°

72 °

• No Backbone

• 95% of all animals fall into this

category

•Sponges

•Asymmetrical shape

•Filter water through body (pores)

•Sessile – anchored to a surface

•No organs, but specialized cells

• Stinging-cell Animals

• Jellyfish, Corals and Hydra

• Radial Symmetry

• Stinging Cells and hollow

bodies

• Tentacles that surround

mouth

• Have organs but no systems

Hydra Coral

• Flatworms,

– planarians, tapeworms

– Bilaterial symmetry

– Have flattened bodies

– One body opening

Tapeworm

Planaria

• Round worms – hook worms and whip worms

– round bodies with

pointed ends

– Bilateral symmetry

– Most are Parasites

– 2 body openings

– Most numerous worms

• Segmented worms

– Leaches, marine worms, earthworms

– most complex worms

– Bilateral Symmetry

Circulation

• Closed Circulatory system (contained in

vessels as compared to flowing through an

open body cavity)

• Soft-bodied animals

– Clams, Snails, Octopus, Squid

– Many are Filter Feeders – clams

Gastrovascular cavity – octopus, snails

– Bilateral Symmetry

– External, Internal or NO Shell

– Most have developed head (except clams)

– Tentacles – lack stinging cells, but use to trap

food

• Lobster, Crabs Crayfish, Insects and

Spiders

• Insects: Most successful group on earth

• Largest Phylum

• Bilateral symmetry

• Exoskeleton: outer skeleton made of Chitin

• Must molt or shed their shell to grow

• Body segmented into distinct body parts…

– Head, Thorax and Abdomen

• Complex nervous system

• “Spiny Skin” animals

– Marine Invertebrates

– Sea Star, Sea cucumbers,

Starfish, Sand dollars

– Water Vascular system controls tube feet

movement and aids digestive system

– Inner skeleton - Endoskeleton

• Regeneration of lost body parts

• Radial Symmetry

Vertebrates • Phylum Chordata

• All chordates have these characteristics

in some point in their lives

– Notochord- dorsal rod of cartilage

– Dorsal nerve cord

– Gill slits

– Tail

• Sub-phylum Vertebrata

– Backbone- made of Vertebrae-bony

segments

– Highly evolved nervous system

– Endoskeleton- internal skeleton

Vertebrates

Vertebrates • Class Agnatha- jawless fish

• Have sucker heads

• Ex. Lamprey and hagfish

Vertebrates • Class Chondrichthyes- cartilagenous fish

• Skeleton made of cartilage

• Ex. Sharks, rays, and skates

Vertebrates • Class Osteichthyes- bony fish

• Majority of fish

• Skeleton made of bone

• Ex. Goldfish, catfish, trout, flounder, eels

Vertebrates • Common Characteristics of Fish

• Circulation

– 2 chambered heart (1 atrium & 1 ventricle)

– Closed circulation

• Gas Exchange and Excretion

– Gills fused with circulatory

– system

– Ectothermic (cold-blooded)

Vertebrates • Class Amphibia

• Live a “Double Life”- live on land but

must return to water to reproduce

• No skin covering, moist, no claws

• Ex.- frogs, salamanders, toads

Vertebrates • Class Amphibia

• Lay eggs

• Ectothermic- cold blooded

• External fertilization in water

• 3-chambered heart

• Gas Exchange and excretion

– Gills as tadpole, Lungs as

adult

– Diffuse oxygen through their

skin

Vertebrates • Class Reptilia

• Produce first land egg- allows for

reproduction on land

• Amniotic egg- fluid filled egg laid on land

• Reptile eggs have a leathery case

• Internal fertilization

Vertebrates • Class Reptilia

– Scales and claws

– Ectothermic

– 3 chambered heart (except crocodiles and

alligator- they have 4 chambers)

– Ex- snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators

Vertebrates • Class Aves

• Birds

• Endothermic- maintain constant body

temperature even when external conditions

change

• Feathers- believed to be modified scales (scales

still present on feet)

Vertebrates

• Class Aves

• Hollow bones for flight

• Internal fertilization

– Amniotic egg on land

• Circulatory- 4 chambered heart

• Ex- geese, swans,

chickens, hawks

Vertebrates • Class Mammalia

• Mammary glands- nurse young

• Reproduction- internal fertilization

• Internal development & parental care

of young

Vertebrates • Marsupials- pouched mammals

• Monotremes- egg laying mammals

• Placentals- fetus fed through placenta during

development

Vertebrates • Class Mammalia

• Insulation- hair on body

• Endothermic

• Legs under body

• Complex nervous system

• Circulatory- 4 chambered heart