At least 300 deaths/year7421 deaths from 1979-19981700 deaths in 1980 alone21 high school and college football player

deaths since 1995

Excessive sweat loss results in dehydration

The body loses its ability to cool

Increased blood flow to skin causes decrease in organ function

HEAT RASH

HEAT CRAMPS

HEAT EXHAUSTION

HEAT STROKE

Caused by skin being constantly wet from sweat and plugging sweat glands

Tiny raised red blistery rashKeep areas dry and clean

Caused by excessive loss of electrolytes

Early warning sign of heat stress

Painful cramps usually in legs or abdomen

Stop activity, hydrate, rest in cool place

Get medical attention if condition continues

The body’s response to excessive water and electrolyte loss

Stop activity and seek treatment immediately

The body’s cooling mechanism shuts down

Over 20% that reach the heat stroke stage die even with medical attention

HEAT EXHAUSTION

Skin is paleExcessive sweatingMay faint but

usually consciousHeadacheNausea and

vomitingBlurred visionDizziness

HEAT STROKE

Skin is redNo sweatingUnconscious or

incoherent

HEAT EXHAUSTION

Call 911Rest in cool placeLoosen and

remove unnecessary clothing

Shower or sponge with cool water

HEAT STROKE

Call 911Immediate,

aggressive, effective cooling

DO NOT give anything by mouth

Transport to hospital

Poor nutritionPoor physical

conditionHigh and low %

body fatPrevious heat

illness

Lack of acclimatization

Over 40Illness (diabetes,

asthma)PregnancyDiet plans

Air temperatureDirect sunlightRadiant heatHumidityLittle air movement

Work intensityWork durationLocation (roof, road, enclosure)Clothing (weight, impermeability)Respiratory protection

Be watchful for symptoms (self and others)Properly hydrate (before, during, after)Get adequate restAvoid alcohol, unnecessary medication, and

caffeine