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7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/atlas-florae-europe 1/30
Atlas Florae Europaeae –
mapping European vascular plants
with 50 x 50 km grid
Pertti Uotila & Raino ampinen!otanical "useum# Finnish "useum o$ %atural istor'
Universit' o$ elsinki
P( )( !ox *
F+%,000-. Universit' o$ [email protected]
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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RATIONALE OF THE ATLAS FLORAE EUROPAEAE
(AFE
/ Proect 1egan in -235 to complete the territor' level distri1ution data
o$ Flora Europaea# the $irst volume o$ which was pu1lished in -23.(
/ AFE produces grid maps o$ the distri1ution o$ European vascular
plants 4grid cells mostl' 50 x 50 km(
/ 6o $ar 78*0 maps in -8 printed volumes 4-2*8 , -222# covering c(
809 o$ all European vascular plants(
/ :olla1orators throughout Europe; secretariat editing the data inelsinki(
/ <ata $rom all European countries collected on paper and maps
produced manuall' in vols( - , -8(
/ :urrentl' data collected manuall' and digitall' 4special so$tware $or
data recording distri1uted to the colla1orators; data inserted into adata1ase in elsinki; maps now produced digitall'(
/ <ata $rom scanned printed maps recentl' extracted 1' custom
so$tware into an )racle data1ase(
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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<A=A E%=R> ?+= =E AFE <A=A E<+=)R
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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=he European range o$ Alyssum alyssoides( )ld grid s'stem(
!(# !%# "$# *&# *"# "*# !!# $"# $&# '$# (%# ((# ,"# ,&#
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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!"#
$%#
$&#
'(#
)# "*# !!#
+!%#
$%#
+!(# +!%# +"$# +*&# +*"# "*# !!# $"# $&# '$# (%# ((# ,"# ,&#
(# %# (# *"# *&# "$# !%# !(# $"# $&#
$%#
$&#
'(#
($#
*&# "$# !%# !(#
@ 2
3
18
7
2579
=he European distri1ution o$ Fragaria vesca# using the new grid
s'stem( Proection am1ert con$ormal conic# central meridian8.B E# standard parallels .8B and 53B %(
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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-H A /RI01
/ 6imple concept# relativel' eas' map production 4limited num1er
o$ localities; in contrast to point data the large grid cell siCepartl' hides the uneven knowledge(
/ ?hen the proect started grid mapping had 1' then 1ecomecommon in $loristic mapping# and the Atlas of the British Flora 4-238; -0 x -0 km maps was a $resh model; computers anddata1ases were not availa1le D all work was done on paper(
/ U=" proection and the "ilitar' rid Re$erence 6'stem 4"R6were chosen as the' covered the whole o$ Europe# and mapsshowing the "R6 grid were availa1le $or the whole continent(
/ - - 000 000 maps showing the grid cells 1oundaries weredistri1uted to each countr'(
/ =he AFE grid was adopted 1' other several $aunistic Europeanmapping proects D 1ut all o$ these did this in a di$$erent wa'
/ =he grid s'stem was recentl' changed in order to uni$' themapping o$ plants and animals 4amphi1ians# reptiles# 1irds#mammals# (((# and in order to decrease the great num1er o$deviations $rom the general grid pattern in AFE( =he old AFE
data has 1een converted into the new grid s'stem(
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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$
"'
"(
",
"&
")
!%
!*!"
!! !$ !' !( !,
!& !)
$%
$*
$"
/ =ransverse "ercator proection
4auss,GrHger t'pe/ 30 longitudinal Cones# each 3B
degree wide/ ongitude o$ )rigin :entral
meridian 4:" o$ each proection
Cone 47B# 2B# -5B# (((# -*-B# -**B#
E and ?/ atitude o$ )rigin 0B 4the
EIuator(/ Unit meter / False %orthing 0 meters at the
EIuator $or the %orthern
emisphere; -0#000#000 meters
at the EIuator $or the 6outhern
emisphere(/ False Easting 500#000 meters
at the :" o$ each Cone(/ 6cale Factor at the :entral
"eridian 0(2223(/atitude imits o$ 6'stem From
J0B6 to J.B%(/imits o$ Proection Kones =he
Cones are 1ounded 1' meridians#
the longitudes o$ which are
multiples o$ 3B east and west o$
the prime meridian(
UNI2ERSAL TRANS2ERSE
3ER4ATOR (UT3 5ONES
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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*)2*)2*)2
"%2"%2"%2
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THE 3ILITAR /RI0 REFEREN4E
SSTE3 (3/RS!eginning at J0B
south and
proceeding
northward# twent'
1ands are lettered :through L# omitting +
and )( =hese 1ands
are all JB wide
except $or 1and L
which is -8B wide
41etween *8,J. %(
=here are special
U=" Cones 1etween
0 degrees and 73
degrees longitude
a1ove *8 degreeslatitude and a
special Cone 78
1etween 53 degrees
and 3. degrees
north latitude(
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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3/RS *%% 8 *%% km S7UARE I0ENTIFI4ATION
=he grid cell names o$ AFE are derived $rom the "R6 -00 x -00 km sIuares(
For instance# sIuare 75M" is split into 75M"-# 75M"8# 75M"7 and
75M". D - $or %?# 8 $or 6?# 7 $or %E and . $or 6E Iuadrant(
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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3A9OR 4HARA4TERISTI4S + OL0 AFE /RI0
/ ..-2 grid cells with land in Europe 4latest version; does not cover
marine areas(
/ :ell siCe mostl' 50 x 50 km# with special adustments at the U="
Cone 1oundaries(
/ :ell 1oundaries 50 km U=",lines and "R6 Cone 1oundaries(
=reatment o$ partial cells at the U=" Cone 1oundaries -0 , 80 , 70 ,
.0 km rule(
/ ots o$ deviations $rom the general pattern 4coastal grid cells withlittle land oined to neigh1ouring cells; long peninsulas# certain
isolated islands# some mountains and +stan1ul given their own grid
cells(
/ 6everal minor 4coastal areas or 4reece# 6val1ard maor changes
in the old grid s'stem throughout the 'ears 4-23J# -2*8# -2** and-227 di$$erent 1asemap versions(
/ :ell names 1ased on Iuadrants o$ the "R6 -00 x -00 km sIuares(
/ eodetic datum not speci$ied@
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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=REA="E%= )F PAR=+A :E6 A= =E U="
K)%E !)U%<AR> +% =E )< AFE R+<
/RE0: 6outhern edge more than .0 km NO independent cell
/PURPLE 6outhern edge 70 , .0 km NO =he edge outwards
o$ the Cone extended to the next $ull -0,km U=" easting(
//RE 6outhern edge 80 – 70 km long NO =he Iuadrant
merged with a similar partial cell on the other side o$ the"R6 Cone 1oundar'(
/PALE ;LUE: 6outhern edge -0 – 80 km long NO =he partial
cell oined to the adacent standard one( +n cases where this
would result in sIuares wider than 30 km# the width o$ the
adacent standard sIuare is adusted 1' narrowing itswestern or eastern edge to the next $ull -0,km U=" easting(
/ ELLO-: 6outhern edge -0 km long NO =he partial cell
oined to the adacent cell without reducing its width 1' -0
kilometres(
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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AFE old grid# general pattern
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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3A9OR 4HARA4TERISTI4S + NE- AFE (4/RS /RI0
/ .*.J grid cells with land in Europe; covers marine areas 4the
grid calculated $or 75382 cells in the "R6 Cones 8. to ..
4$rom .8B? to J.BE in the northern hemisphere 4$rom the
eIuator to northing o$ 2(750(000 metres( :an 1e extended(
/ :ell siCe mostl' 50 x 50 km# with adustments at the U=" Cone1oundaries(
/ :ell 1oundaries 50 km U=",lines and "R6 Cone 1oundaries(
Extends over terrestrial and marine areas $ollowing a certain
pattern# without an' deviations $or coasts# islands# peninsulas#
mountains# towns etc( 6pecial solutions in the %orth 6ea and atthe 1oundar' o$ "R6 1ands ? and L( =reatment o$ partial
cells at the U=" Cone 1oundaries -Q7 , 8Q7 rule(
/ :ell names 1ased on Iuadrants o$ the "R6 -00 x -00 km
sIuares(
/ eodetic datum ?6J.(
=E PA==ER% )F
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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=E PA==ER% )F
=REA=+% =E
PAR=+A :E6 +% =E
%E? R+<
/ PAE !UE +$ the width
at the 6 edge o$ the partial
cell is -3(* km NO oined
to the adacent cell in the
same U=" Cone
/ >E)? +$ the width is
1etween -3(* and 77(7 km
NO merged with a similar
partial cell on the other side
o$ the U=" Cone 1oundar'
/ REE%# RE< +$ the width
is O 77(7 km NO treated as
an independent cell
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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7*78=6- 78=67 78="6-
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%o active egend(
THE NEW
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THE NEW
GRID — THE
W/X
DEVIATIONS
=he northernmost grid
cells o$ the "R6
Cones 78# 7. and 73
46 margin at
*(250(000 metres
north are cut in the
north so that the' end
at the J(000(000 m
line o$ the Cones 7-#
77# 75 or 7*( =hisconcerns $our cells in
each o$ these three
Cones( =he
southernmost cells in
1and L are thus 50 km
ThighT(
70?L6870??6.
!*- 43$!*- 03"
THE NEW GRID
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.
70MLR-
&7
70MLG7
70ML.
70ML7
70ML".
70ML"7
70MLG.
70ML7
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!"-LS$ !"-3S" !"-3S$ !"-NS" !"-NS$ !"-PS"THE NEW GRID -
THE NORTH SEA
!etween 7 and 3 degrees E
the cells in 1and 78 extendsouth to 3(800(000 m and
north to *(-00(000 m lines o$
Cone 78( =hus $our cells in
7-U are shrink in the north
1' that line 47-UE!-#
7-UE!7# 7-UF!-# 7-UF!7#and the southernmost grid
cells o$ 78 1elong to 1and U(
=hree cells o$ 1and 7-?
47-?E"8# 7-?E".#
7-?F"8 are continueddown to the *(-00(000 m line
o$ Cone 78( =he
northernmost 78M cells
478MGR-# 78MGR7# 78MR-#
78MR8 are 50 km ThighT(
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7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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4ON2ERSION ;ET-EEN THE OL0 AN0 NE- AFE /RI0S
=>PE :E6 RE:)R<6
)ld and new cellsidentical# except $or thegeodetic datum
• 7.0. 4**(0 9 oldcells
• 57**88 convertedrecords 432(* 9
)ld cell splits into two or more new cells•
380 4-.(0 9 oldcells NO -823 newgrid cells
• 8 x 5 cells; -. x .cells; 88 x 7 cells;5J8 x 8 cells
•
-J5722 convertedrecords 48.(09
and area o$ the old cell$ull' within a new cell#except $or the geodeticdatum
• 7*. 4J(59 oldcells
• .33.3 convertedrecords 43(0 9
and area o$ the old cell$ull' within a new cell
• 8- 40(59 old cells • -J.* convertedrecords 40(8 9
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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7.6E-
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Al lPimashkovo
R k h hi6'so'kovo Aprosovo Alkhimovo
!ridinoGudelino)gorodts'
%o active egend(
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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Meliki'e uki
Rudn'a
Polotsk
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A% ELA"PE )F :E !)U%<AR> :A%E6
Red lines show the new grid cell 1oundaries# green shading theareas where the 1oundar' has changed(
7/26/2019 Atlas Florae Europe
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7.ME.
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0OES THIS /RI0 3EET THE NEE0S OF AFE1
/ <ata $rom national co,ordinate s'stems 4t'picall' grid records $rom -0 x
-0 km or - x - km sIuares has to 1e trans$ormed into the AFE grid
s'stem – Excel sheet with conversion $unctions 4within ?6J. distri1uted to the
national colla1orators
– some o$ the national colla1orators reIuest $or $ree so$tware $or 1eing a1le to
trans$orm their co,ordinate data into the ?6J. datum
– :onversion ta1les 1etween the -0 x -0 km sIuares o$ the national grids'stems 4!ritain# erman'# place name lists 4e(g( municipalities o$ Finland#
detailed map printouts
– grid in digital $ormat 4"ap+n$o# "ap+n$o export $ormat# A6:++ sent to some
colla1orators 4not 'et pu1licl' availa1le; reIuests $or the grid and $ree
1asemap data ver' $reIuent
/ Pro1lems in converting the old data into the new grid D a compromise$or 1eing a1le to compare the AFE data with the $aunistic data
/ :ell siCe varies considera1l' 4in the new grid s'stem even more than in
the old one
/ Fixed resolution; mostl' no detailed 1ackground data availa1le in
elsinki
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LIN<IN/ THE AFE AN0 OTHER SPATIAL
0ATA
PR+%=E< "AP6 =) <A=A!A6E/ Using the AFE data with other data has 1ecome possi1le onl' a$ter the distri1ution
data $rom printed maps was extracted into a digital data1ase(
FAU%+6=+: <+6=R+!U=+)% A=A6E6
/ )ld grid data com1ined with the $aunistic atlas data in several papers 4using the
?orldmap so$tware o$ :hris umphries# Paul ?illiams and "iguel Arauo; %"#
ondon(/ +n the $uture# the data collected in or converted to the new grid s'stem can 1e
directl' com1ined with the $aunistic atlas datasets 4a$ter their conversion; done at
least $or the mammal data(
+%G+% ?+= )=ER G+%< <A=A# F)R +%6=A%:E
/ EuroW"ed Plant!ase 4www(euromed(org(uk; an on,line data1ase and in$ormation
s'stem $or the vascular plants o$ Europe and the "editerranean region(
/ "odelling the potential ranges o$ the plants in 4!rian untle'# <urham; Pam !err'#
)x$ord(
/ <ahl# Eili$ -22J =he ph'togeograph' o$ %orthern Europe( )ld grid; climatological
and elevation data(
/ <ata used in several ecological research proects