Atmospheric BasicsAtmospheric Basics Section 11.1Section 11.1

Atmospheric CompositionAtmospheric Composition• Energy is transferred throughout Energy is transferred throughout

Earth’s atmosphereEarth’s atmosphere• 78% Nitrogen78% Nitrogen• 21% Oxygen21% Oxygen• 1% trace gases (Ar, CO1% trace gases (Ar, CO22, H, H22O)O)• What gases made up Earth’s early What gases made up Earth’s early

atmosphere?atmosphere?

Atmospheric CompositionAtmospheric Composition• Gases like water vapor and ozone Gases like water vapor and ozone

can vary from place to place on Earthcan vary from place to place on Earth• Regulate the amount of energy the Regulate the amount of energy the

atmosphere absorbs and emitsatmosphere absorbs and emits• Water vapor varies from 0% to 4%Water vapor varies from 0% to 4%• Ozone layer is 20-50 km above EarthOzone layer is 20-50 km above Earth• CFCs breakdown ozone CFCs breakdown ozone • List some harmful particles in the airList some harmful particles in the air

Atmospheric LayersAtmospheric Layers• TroposphereTroposphere• StratosphereStratosphere• MesosphereMesosphere• ThermosphereThermosphere• ExosphereExosphere• Work with a partner to complete your Work with a partner to complete your

foldable review guidefoldable review guide

Energy TransferEnergy Transfer• Radiation Radiation – the transfer of thermal energy – the transfer of thermal energy

by electromagnetic wavesby electromagnetic waves• Thermal energy is transferred from the Sun Thermal energy is transferred from the Sun

to the Earth like a heating lamp over foodto the Earth like a heating lamp over food• This solar energy is absorbed and reflected This solar energy is absorbed and reflected

by the atmosphere and Earth’s surfaceby the atmosphere and Earth’s surface• Water heats and cools more slowly than Water heats and cools more slowly than

landland

Energy TransferEnergy Transfer• Conduction Conduction – the transfer of thermal – the transfer of thermal

energy between objects when their energy between objects when their atoms or molecules collideatoms or molecules collide

• Occurs more easily in solids and Occurs more easily in solids and liquids than in gasesliquids than in gases

• Conduction occurs between Earth’s Conduction occurs between Earth’s surface and the lowest level of the surface and the lowest level of the atmosphere (Troposphere)atmosphere (Troposphere)

Energy TransferEnergy Transfer• ConvectionConvection – the transfer of thermal – the transfer of thermal

energy by the movement of heated energy by the movement of heated material from one place to anothermaterial from one place to another

• Occurs mainly in liquids and gasesOccurs mainly in liquids and gases• Describe Describe convection currentsconvection currents..