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Atmospheric Atmospheric MoistureMoisture
Lapse Rate
By K. Y. NG
101055 Temp. °CTemp. °C00-5-5-10-10-15-15
20002000
15001500
10001000
500500
Height (m)Height (m)
CondensationCondensationLevelLevel
DALRDALR 10°C / 10°C / 1000 m1000 m
SALRSALR5°C / 5°C / 1000 m1000 m
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate & Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate & Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate
500500m: 5°Cm: 5°C
20002000m: -2.5°Cm: -2.5°C
101055 Temp. °CTemp. °C00-5-5-10-10-15-15
20002000
15001500
10001000
500500
Height (m)Height (m) StabilityStability
ELR (1) ELR (1) 4°C /4°C /1000m1000m
SALRSALR
DALRDALR
CondensationCondensationLevelLevel
20002000m: 2°Cm: 2°C20002000m: -2.5°Cm: -2.5°C
Rising air parcel is Rising air parcel is coldercolder than surrounding than surrounding airair (-2.5 °C (-2.5 °C < 2 °C)< 2 °C). The air parcel sinks . The air parcel sinks back to its starting point, i.e. back to its starting point, i.e. STABILITYSTABILITY ELR (1) < SALR < DALRELR (1) < SALR < DALR
101055 Temp. °CTemp. °C00-5-5-10-10-15-15
20002000
15001500
10001000
500500
Height (m)Height (m) InstabilityInstability
ELR (2) ELR (2) 12°C /12°C /1000m1000m
SALRSALR
DALRDALR
CondensationCondensationLevelLevel
20002000m: -14°Cm: -14°C
20002000m: -2.5°Cm: -2.5°C
Rising air parcel is Rising air parcel is warmerwarmer than surrounding than surrounding airair (-2.5 °C (-2.5 °C > -14 °C)> -14 °C). The air parcel will . The air parcel will rise continuously, i.e. rise continuously, i.e. INSTABILITYINSTABILITY ELR (2) > DALR >SALRELR (2) > DALR >SALR
101055 Temp. °CTemp. °C00-5-5-10-10-15-15
20002000
15001500
10001000
500500
Height (m)Height (m)
ELR (3) ELR (3) 8°C /8°C /1000m1000m
SALRSALR
DALRDALR
CondensationCondensationLevelLevel
20002000m: -6°Cm: -6°C20002000m: -2.5°Cm: -2.5°C
Below 850m, as the air parcel is Below 850m, as the air parcel is cooler than the surrounding aircooler than the surrounding air (DALR & SALR > ELR (3) )(DALR & SALR > ELR (3) ), the , the air parcel will sink normally, i.e. air parcel will sink normally, i.e. stable air.stable air.
IFIF the air parcel is the air parcel is forced to forced to rise above 850m,rise above 850m, it will be it will be warmer than the surrounding warmer than the surrounding airair (SALR < ELR (3) ) (SALR < ELR (3) ). The . The air parcel will rise air parcel will rise continuously, i.e. continuously, i.e. unstable air.unstable air.
850850mm
Conditional InstabilityConditional Instability
UNSTABLE AIRUNSTABLE AIR
STABLE AIRSTABLE AIR
CONDITIONAL INSTABILITYCONDITIONAL INSTABILITY
Conclusion
A ir S ta b ility a n d In s ta b ility
E L R < S A L R < D A L Ri.e .
A ir S ta b ility
E L R > D A L R > S A L Ri.e .
A ir Insta b ility
S A L R < E L R < D A L Ri.e .
C o nd it io na l Insta b ility
W he n the p a r c e l o f a ir is fo r c e d to up lift ,(O r o g r a p hic , F o nta l o r C o nv e c t iv e up lift )the te m p e r a tur e o f it d e c r e a se s in he ig hta c c o r d ing to the A d ia b a t ic L a p se R a te .
THE ENDTHE END