Atomic Model TimelineAtomic Model Timeline

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400BC400BCDemocritusDemocritus

Democritus found that atoms are not all the same, Democritus found that atoms are not all the same, they are eternal, and always moving. He made a they are eternal, and always moving. He made a theory on this to explain why and how atoms theory on this to explain why and how atoms were so small, and what they were about. He were so small, and what they were about. He proposed a more advance atomic theory. proposed a more advance atomic theory.

http://www.philosophyprofessor.com/images/philosophers/democritus.jpg

400BC ish400BC ishIndivisible, Solid Sphere ModelIndivisible, Solid Sphere Model

Developed by Democritus. He said all matter is composed of indivisible tiny things made up into small not being able to be seen by the eye structures.

384-322BC384-322BCAristotle and fellow GreeksAristotle and fellow Greeks

He found that matter is made of atoms. He also He found that matter is made of atoms. He also found that matter will always exist. He also found found that matter will always exist. He also found 4 elements, fire, water, earth, and air. With all 4 elements, fire, water, earth, and air. With all this, he came up with the theory of motion. this, he came up with the theory of motion.

http://img.tfd.com/authors/aristotle.jpg

500BC-1720500BC-1720AlchemistsAlchemists

Now, they wanted to live forever, so they started Now, they wanted to live forever, so they started out with trying to make a potion that could make out with trying to make a potion that could make them live forever. They didn’t succeed, but they them live forever. They didn’t succeed, but they did make many experiments, and the scientific did make many experiments, and the scientific method. They also kept careful records.method. They also kept careful records.

17771777Antoine LavoisierAntoine Lavoisier

He had the first version of the Law of He had the first version of the Law of Conservation of Matter. He also named oxygen Conservation of Matter. He also named oxygen and hydrogen. He invented the first periodic and hydrogen. He invented the first periodic table, which had 33 elements.table, which had 33 elements.

http://www.seilnacht.com/Lexikon/lavoisi.JPG

17801780Charles Augustin de CoulombCharles Augustin de Coulomb

He had the theory of Simple Machines. He also had He had the theory of Simple Machines. He also had Coulomb’s law which stated the interaction between Coulomb’s law which stated the interaction between electric charges. He also published the laws of friction. electric charges. He also published the laws of friction. He used windmills and the elasticity of fibers and metals He used windmills and the elasticity of fibers and metals to come up with this law.to come up with this law.

http://www.bhak-bludenz.ac.at/physik/geschichte/physiker/bilder/coulomb.jpg

18031803John DaltonJohn Dalton

He proposed the atomic theory. He inferred proportions of elements He proposed the atomic theory. He inferred proportions of elements in compounds. He found the atomic weight, and chemical symbols. in compounds. He found the atomic weight, and chemical symbols. He also had the most useful atomic theory of matter. To come up He also had the most useful atomic theory of matter. To come up with this, he tested gases and used evaporation to find out what the with this, he tested gases and used evaporation to find out what the gases had on that mixture all together. gases had on that mixture all together.

http://redescolar.ilce.edu.mx/redescolar/efemerides/septiembre2001/interna/dalton.gif

18791879Sir William CrookesSir William Crookes

He came up with thallium and helium. He He came up with thallium and helium. He investigated canal rays, cathode rays, and investigated canal rays, cathode rays, and plasmas. He used electricity in gases, and found plasmas. He used electricity in gases, and found as the pressure went down, the electrodes as the pressure went down, the electrodes began to emit rays.began to emit rays.

http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/images/portret/Crookes.jpg

18961896BecquerelBecquerel

He came up with radioactivity. He found this out from He came up with radioactivity. He found this out from unknown x-rays waves, which were produced by unknown x-rays waves, which were produced by uranium. Penetrating radiation was also discovered by uranium. Penetrating radiation was also discovered by Becquerel. He also discovered that uranium was able to Becquerel. He also discovered that uranium was able to expose a photographic plate on black paper, and didn’t expose a photographic plate on black paper, and didn’t depend on the chemical state. depend on the chemical state.

http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Gallery/Becquerel.GIF

18951895W.K. RoentgenW.K. Roentgen

He discovered x-rays when he was working with Sir William He discovered x-rays when he was working with Sir William Crooke’s tube. He also found that x-rays pass through Crooke’s tube. He also found that x-rays pass through different materials at different temperatures. He was different materials at different temperatures. He was doing an experiment on cathode rays, when he messed doing an experiment on cathode rays, when he messed up and discovered x-rays.up and discovered x-rays.

http://hi.fi.tripod.com/timeline/images/wilhelm_rontgen.jpg

18971897J.J. ThomsonJ.J. Thomson

He found electrons and subatomic particles He found electrons and subatomic particles when he was working with cathode ray tubes. when he was working with cathode ray tubes. He was working with glass tubes and electricity He was working with glass tubes and electricity and messed up and discovered electrons. and messed up and discovered electrons.

http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/cavendish/history/electron/jj_c1890.jpg

18971897Plum Pudding ModelPlum Pudding Model

Discovered by J.J. Thomson. He said the atom was a sphere of positive electricity, with negative particles throughout. This came around right after he discovered the electron.

18981898Marie & Pierre CurieMarie & Pierre Curie

They both picked up on Becquerel’s work on uranium, which lead them They both picked up on Becquerel’s work on uranium, which lead them to find the elements radium and polonium. Though Marie went to find the elements radium and polonium. Though Marie went further with the radioactivity of elements, she didn’t get very far. All further with the radioactivity of elements, she didn’t get very far. All she said was, “they were somehow disintegrating over time and she said was, “they were somehow disintegrating over time and emitting radiation that exposed the plate.” ~ Marie Curieemitting radiation that exposed the plate.” ~ Marie Curie

http://www.neoam.cc.ok.us/~rjones/Pages/online1014/chemistry/chapter_8/pages/history_of_atom.html#becquerel-curie%20anchorhttp://www.neoam.cc.ok.us/~rjones/Pages/online1014/chemistry/chapter_8/pages/history_of_atom.html#becquerel-curie%20anchor

Pierre went on to say that atoms might be composed of even smaller Pierre went on to say that atoms might be composed of even smaller things.things.

http://www.aip.org/history/curie/images/photos/0203-matte.jpg

19001900Max PlanckMax Planck

He was the person who came up with the original quantum He was the person who came up with the original quantum theory. To come up with this, all he did was research theory. To come up with this, all he did was research from pervious scientists and a little bit on his own, and from pervious scientists and a little bit on his own, and then wrote a book on the quantum theory (the theory: the then wrote a book on the quantum theory (the theory: the behavior or matter and energy in an atom). He also was behavior or matter and energy in an atom). He also was looking at color changes from energy. He also made a looking at color changes from energy. He also made a math equation to help with this theory.math equation to help with this theory.

http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Images/planck-max-quantum-1.jpg

19051905Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein

First, he found that nature and matter intertwine somehow, the theory First, he found that nature and matter intertwine somehow, the theory of measurement came about from this. Second, he publish 5 papers of measurement came about from this. Second, he publish 5 papers on electrons. These contributed to the quantum mechanics. He said, on electrons. These contributed to the quantum mechanics. He said, “light consists of quanta, bundles of energy which behave somewhat “light consists of quanta, bundles of energy which behave somewhat like particles.” ~Albert Einsteinlike particles.” ~Albert Einstein

http://www.crystalinks.com/einstein.htmlhttp://www.crystalinks.com/einstein.html

http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96mar/96margifs/einstein.gif

19081908Robert MillikanRobert Millikan

He was by far the most famous American scientist. He He was by far the most famous American scientist. He wanted to find the electrical charge of electrons. He wanted to find the electrical charge of electrons. He measured water droplets, and that wasn’t successful, so measured water droplets, and that wasn’t successful, so he measured oil droplets, where all this proved electrons he measured oil droplets, where all this proved electrons were negatively charged. He also was a professor for were negatively charged. He also was a professor for many years, and wrote many textbooks on chemistry. many years, and wrote many textbooks on chemistry.

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_03_img0536.jpg

19081908Hans GeigerHans Geiger

He helped invent the Geiger Counter, and the He helped invent the Geiger Counter, and the Geiger-Marsden experiment led him to the Geiger-Marsden experiment led him to the discovery of the atomic nucleus. The counter discovery of the atomic nucleus. The counter was able to prove the Compton effect, because was able to prove the Compton effect, because is detected the neutrons, electrons, and quanta.is detected the neutrons, electrons, and quanta.

http://www.origin-life.gr.jp/2904/2904174/42.jpg

19111911Ernest RutherfordErnest Rutherford

He ionized gas using radiation, and found alpha and beta waves. He He ionized gas using radiation, and found alpha and beta waves. He used his research and the magnetic properties of iron to find radio used his research and the magnetic properties of iron to find radio waves. He also discovered the atomic nucleus using others waves. He also discovered the atomic nucleus using others research and findings. To find this he did the Rutherford experiment. research and findings. To find this he did the Rutherford experiment. Briefly, he used a thin foil made of gold metal to find positive and Briefly, he used a thin foil made of gold metal to find positive and negative charges in an atom.negative charges in an atom.

http://www.newgenevacenter.org/portrait/rutherford.jpg

19131913Niels BohrNiels Bohr

Niels figured out the structure of the atom, and Niels figured out the structure of the atom, and their radiations. He also discovered the principle their radiations. He also discovered the principle of complementary. He introduced electrons from of complementary. He introduced electrons from the book he wrote on the structure of the atom. the book he wrote on the structure of the atom. He also started the basis of the quantum theory.He also started the basis of the quantum theory.

http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/education/elements/images/elements/Bohrium.jpg

19131913The Bohr ModelThe Bohr Model

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model

Niels Bohr discovered this atom. It shows a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. This was mostly to explain the Rydberg formula. The Bohr model is a hydrogen model. It helps with the learning of the quantum theory.

1920’s1920’sElectron Cloud ModelElectron Cloud Model

Discovered by Erwin Schrödinger and Werner Heisenberg. They said an atom consists of a dense nucleus and many proton and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons, but they all have different energy levels, and different charges.

19221922Planetary or Solar System ModelPlanetary or Solar System Model

Both Rutherford and Bohr contributed into this model. Rutherford said the atom is mostly empty space with a nucleus that has a positive charge surrounded by negative electrons. Then Bohr said they circulate the atom.

19261926Erwin SchrödingerErwin Schrödinger

Erwin’s contributions were the wave mechanics Erwin’s contributions were the wave mechanics and quantum mechanics. He wrote papers on and quantum mechanics. He wrote papers on wave mechanics, which lead him to the quantum wave mechanics, which lead him to the quantum mechanics. To find these theories out, he mechanics. To find these theories out, he worked out math equations and used statistics.worked out math equations and used statistics.

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/virtual/portrait/schroedinger.jpg

19321932James ChadwickJames Chadwick

James discovered the existence of the neutron. He found James discovered the existence of the neutron. He found this out because when he was looking at alpha waves, this out because when he was looking at alpha waves, bounced off, saying there was no charge in the neutron. bounced off, saying there was no charge in the neutron. He also used an experiment similar to this to help with He also used an experiment similar to this to help with the creation of the atomic bomb, and the fission and the creation of the atomic bomb, and the fission and uranium 235.uranium 235.

http://www.nuclearfiles.org/images/library/biographies/bio_chadwick-james.jpg

19381938Otto Hahn & Lise MeitnerOtto Hahn & Lise Meitner

While working in a lab, Otto Hahn discovered radiothorium, and then later While working in a lab, Otto Hahn discovered radiothorium, and then later discovered 5 more elements. He also discovered radioactive recoil. Lise discovered 5 more elements. He also discovered radioactive recoil. Lise Meitner was he partner when they discovered the isotope of protactinium. Meitner was he partner when they discovered the isotope of protactinium. His biggest discovery was barium as a fission element. He combined results His biggest discovery was barium as a fission element. He combined results with Otto Frisch and they came up with nuclear fission. He was testing with Otto Frisch and they came up with nuclear fission. He was testing uranium and how it busted into lighter elements. Lise always studied uranium and how it busted into lighter elements. Lise always studied radioactivity. She, herself, discovered the auger effect. radioactivity. She, herself, discovered the auger effect.

http://cdl.niedersachsen.de/blob/images/C2710720_L20.jpg

http://www.atomicmuseum.com/tour/photos/te-lm.jpg

19511951Glenn T. SeaborgGlenn T. Seaborg

Glenn was best known for identifying and discovering Glenn was best known for identifying and discovering elements that were heavier then uranium. He also elements that were heavier then uranium. He also isolated 10 elements. He also proposed the “actinides” in isolated 10 elements. He also proposed the “actinides” in the element table. He discovered these elements just by the element table. He discovered these elements just by separating different elements, and combining different separating different elements, and combining different elements.elements.

http://www.radiochemistry.org/nuclearmedicine/pioneers/images/seaborg_g.jpg

19641964Murray Gell-Mann & George ZweigMurray Gell-Mann & George Zweig

http://www.profes.net/rep_imagenes/Monograf/NF1990a.jpg

http://panda.unm.edu/images/people/faculty/gell_mann_murray.jpg

Murray Gell- Mann was an American physicist who received a Nobel Prize for his theory on elementary particles. He also found that all the elements of an atom are held together by quarks. To find this, he blasted high speed electrons into a hydrogen atom.

George Zweig proposed the existence of quarks. He thought of them as aces, because he guessed there were four quarks in every atom.

Now, in the same year, both these guys proposed the idea of quarks. They tested electrical charges, and that how the numbers for quarks came about.

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http://library.thinkquest.org/10170/voca/coulombb.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/10170/voca/coulombb.htm

http://scienceworld.wolfrom.com/biograhpy/Dalton.htmlhttp://scienceworld.wolfrom.com/biograhpy/Dalton.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes

www.atomicmuseum.com/tour/atomicage.cfmwww.atomicmuseum.com/tour/atomicage.cfm

www.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xcurie.htmlwww.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xcurie.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.J._Thomsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.J._Thomson

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann#Prizeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann#Prizes

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Gell-Mann.htmlhttp://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Gell-Mann.html

http://www.geocities.com/omegaman_uk/gellmann.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/omegaman_uk/gellmann.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Zweighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Zweig

http://pdg.web.cern.ch/pdg/cpep/history/smt.htmlhttp://pdg.web.cern.ch/pdg/cpep/history/smt.html

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lise_Meitner

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr#Middle_years

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model

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http://www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/02/1.html

http://www.neoam.cc.ok.us/~rjones/Pages/online1014/chemistry/chapter_8/pages/history_of_atom.html#becquerel-curie%20anchor

http://www.expage.com/atomproject

http://www.akisrx.com/inglese/htm/roentgen.htm

http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci332247,00.htmlhttp://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci332247,00.html

www.watertown.k12.wi.us/4s/staff/buescher/atom/time.aspwww.watertown.k12.wi.us/4s/staff/buescher/atom/time.asp

www.angelfire.com/mb2/atomswww.angelfire.com/mb2/atoms

http://hi.fi.tripod.com/timelinehttp://hi.fi.tripod.com/timeline

http://www.csmate.colostate.edu/cltw/cohortpages/viney/atomhistory.htmlhttp://www.csmate.colostate.edu/cltw/cohortpages/viney/atomhistory.html