Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Electron Configuration
Building the Atom
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Remember…
Atomic Number (Z) : the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.
Mass Number (A) : the number of protons andneutrons in the nucleus of the atom.
Neutron Number (N) : A - Z = N
ATOMIC STRUCTURELOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:LOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:
•Electron CloudElectron Cloud
•Energy LevelsEnergy Levels
•SublevelsSublevels
•OrbitalsOrbitals
ATOMIC STRUCTURELOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:LOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:
•Sublevels have (degenerate states) thatSublevels have (degenerate states) that we call orbitals.we call orbitals.
These sublevels are named s, p, d, f, g, etc.These sublevels are named s, p, d, f, g, etc.
The energy level determines the numberThe energy level determines the numberof sublevels...of sublevels...
ATOMIC STRUCTURELOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:LOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:
Sublevels:s- one orbitalp- three orbitalsd- five orbitalsf- seven orbitalsEtc...
ATOMIC STRUCTURELOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:LOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:
It turns out, in each orbital, there can be a maximum of two electrons.So...s- 2 electrons totalp- 6 electrons totald- 10 electrons totalf- 14 electrons total
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Orbital diagrams and electron configurationsOrbital diagrams and electron configurations
Orbital diagrams help show how the electronsare distributed within the sublevels.
1s
NOTICE THAT WHEN ELECTRONS PAIRTHEY HAVE OPPOSITESPINS.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE...PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE...
No two electrons can have the samequantum numbers or no more thantwo electrons can be found in anygiven orbital.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
HUND’S RULE:the most stable arrangement of electrons
is that with the maximum number of unpairedelectrons, all with the same spin direction.
In other words…electrons don’t pair until they have too!
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Orbital Diagrams
1s2s
2px 2py 2pz
3s
etc...
What element is this????
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Another way to write this is by using electron configuration notation
1s22s22p63s2
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
ORDER OF CHOICE:ORDER OF CHOICE:
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s,4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p...
Why? Energy of some orbitalsoverlap higher orbitals.
Page 97
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Let’s practice…
Assignment:Electron Configuration Level One and Two•Electron Configuration Wkst
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Orbital diagrams and electron configurationsOrbital diagrams and electron configurations
Orbital diagrams help show how the electronsare distributed within the sublevels.
1s
NOTICE THAT WHEN ELECTRONS PAIRTHEY HAVE OPPOSITESPINS.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Orbital Diagrams
1s2s
2px 2py 2pz
3s
etc...
What element is this????
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Another way to write this is by using electron configuration notation
1s22s22p63s2
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Another way to write this is by using noble gas notation
[Ne]3s2
Since Ne has a configuration of 1s22s22p6
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Let’s practice…
Valence Electron Configuration
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Connections:
Do you see any relationship between the electron configuration and where the element is located on the Periodic Table?
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
You should be able to…•Write the electron configuration•Draw the orbital diagram•Write the noble gas notation•And predict the element
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Assignment:•Electron Configuration Wkst 2
