Atomic Structure &

Periodic Table review

8.P.1

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 1

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 2

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 3

Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 4

• Image 3 is the answer

Subatomic particles in an atomwhere located/charge/relative size

0+ 0 +0 +

-

- -

Charge of nucleus: +

Charge of electron cloud: --

Subatomic particles in an atomwhere located/charge/relative size

NP N PN P

e

e e

MASS

SPACE

Why do we use AMU (atomic mass units) when representing the mass of an atom instead of using grams or kilograms?

• Atoms are very small, using grams would result in a number with a scientific notation of 10-23.

• AMU is a unit used exclusively for atoms, it is much smaller than grams and therefore more useful

Reading Periodic Table Cells

13

AlAluminum

26.98

Atomic Number Number of protons =

Number of electrons

Atomic Mass Number(this is an average of isotopes)Mass # - Atomic # = neutron #

When calculating # of neutrons, you must round the mass # to a whole number….you can’t have partial Neutrons!

A = P = E (ATOMIC NUMBER) (PROTONS) (ELECTRONS)

M - A = N (MASS) (ATOMIC NUMBER) (NEUTRONS)

An atom has an atomic number of:

11…..what can you infer

27…..what can you infer

87….what can you infer

An atom has an atomic number of:11…..what can you infer

it has 11 protonsit has 11 electrons

27…..what can you inferit has 27 protonsit has 27 electrons

87….what can you inferit has 87 protonsit has 87 electrons

An ion has an atomic number of5…..what can you infer

32…what can you infer

11…what can you infer

An ion has an atomic number of5…..what can you infer

it has 5 protons

32…what can you inferit has 32 protons

11…what can you inferit has 11 protons

Find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each of the following neutral

atomsCalcium

Chlorine

Find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each of the following neutral

atomsCalcium

20 protons20 electrons

40-20= 20 neutronsChlorine 17 protons 17 electrons 35-14= 18 neutrons

Calculate the mass of the following elements

Element A has 12 protons, 13 neutrons & 12 electrons

Element B has 9 protons, 7 neutrons & 9 electrons

Calculate the mass of the following elements

Element A has 12 protons, 13 neutrons & 12 electrons

12 protons + 13 neutrons = 25 mass

Element B has 9 protons, 7 neutrons & 9 electrons9 protons + 7 neutrons = 16 mass

What are the 3 categories of elements on the periodic table?What are the properties of each?Where are they located on the periodic table?

Metals: left side of tableShinyconductivemalleableDuctile

Metalloids: along the stairstepsProperties of metals and nonmetalsSemiconductors, used in computer industry

NonMetals: right side of tableDullInsulatorDo not conduct heat or electricitybrittle

Periodic Table Trendsuse the second periodic table

Groups/families

Information in group:group number = number of valence e-

group members have similar properties•Find four elements with similar properties•Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons

Periodic Table Patterns

Groups/families

Information in group:group number = number of valence e-

group members have similar properties•Find four elements with similar properties•Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons (………….)

Periodic Table Patterns

•Find four elements with similar propertieselements in the same column/family..H, Li, Na

•Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons (C, Si, Ge…..any in group `4)

Periodic Table TrendsPeriod

Information in period:period number = number of electron energy

levels max # of electrons in each level (ring)

period 1….2 e-period 2….8 e-period 3….8 e-

Find 3 elements with 4 electron energy levelsFind 3 elements with two energy levels

Periodic Table PatternsFind 3 elements with 4 electron energy levels

any element in the 4th period/row..K, Cl….

Find 3 elements with two energy levelsany element in the 2nd row/period..Li, Be…

Describe the periodic table groups using the following terms: reactive, nonreactive, more stable, inert

Alkali metalHalogenNoble GasAlkaline Earth MetalTransition Metal

Group /family characteristicsAlkali metal…..reactivereactive metals, group 1, +1 ionAlkaline earth metal…..reactivereactive metals, group 2, +2 ion

Transition metals/elements….more stable more stable metals, located at the center of the table, groups 3-12

Halogen…reactivereactive nonmetals, used in cleaning agents, group 17, -1 ionNoble Gases….nonreactive, inertnonreactive, inert, nonmetals, group 18, very stable due to complete outer electron ring, do not form ions

Find examples of:

• Two different groups/families that are both reactive

• Two different groups/families that are more stable and reactive

Find examples of:

• Two different groups/families that are both reactive

Alkali & Alkaline Earth or Alkaline Earth & Halogen or Alkali & Halogen

• Two different groups/families that are more stable and reactive

Alkali & Transition metals or Alkaline Earth & Transition Metals or Halogen & Transition Metals

What do Na, K and Rb have in common?

What do Mg, P and Cl have in common?

What do Na, K and Rb have in common?They are all in the same group/family so they have similar properties and all have 1 valence electron What do Mg, P and Cl have in common?The are all in the same period/row. They are in period 3 so they have 3 electron energy levels (shells)

Dull, brittle and non conductive best describes which of the following: Pd, S, Mg, Fe

Dull, brittle and non conductive best describes which of the following: Pd, S, Mg, Fe

S (sulfur) because it is a nonmetal and those are nonmetal properties.

Which of the following elements are very reactive: Au, Fe, Cl, Zn

Which of the following elements are very reactive: Au, Fe, Cl, ZnCl (chlorine) because it is in group 17, the Halogens. The other elements are transition metals which are more stable.

How are groups 1, 2 and 17 different from transition metals (groups 3-12)?

How are groups 1, 2 and 17 different from transition metals (groups 3-12)?1, 2 & 17 are highly reactive because they are 1 or 2 electrons away from a stable configuration (full valence ring of electrons). Groups 3-12 are transition metals and are more stable.

Describe element properties as you move from left to right across period #.....

1

2

3

4

Ions

• Formed by losing or gaining electrons– Metals give electrons– Nonmetals take electrons

• An atom gives/takes electrons in order to create a complete outer ring of electrons (valence)…..this makes it stable, like the noble gases.

An ion with a charge of +2 hasLost 2 electronsGained 2 protonsGained 2 electronsLost 2 neutrons

An ion with a charge of +2 hasLost 2 electronsGained 2 protonsGained 2 electronsLost 2 neutrons

remember, ions are ONLY CREATED BY CHANGING THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONSELECTRONS IN AN ATOM.

An ion with a charge of -3 hasLost 3 protonsLost 3 electronsGained 3 electronsGained 3 protons

An ion with a charge of -3 hasLost 3 protonsLost 3 electronsGained 3 electronsGained 3 protons

remember, ions are ONLY CREATED BY CHANGING THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONSELECTRONS IN AN ATOM.

Isotopes• Different forms of the SAME ELEMENT. Isotopes of

an element have different numbers of neutrons therefore they will have a different mass.

A

B

C

D

E

F

Which element is very reactive with 3 electron rings?Which element is a nonmetal with 2 electron rings?Which element is a very reactive metal with 1 valence electron?Which element is inert?Which element has 5 electron rings?Which metal has 2 valence electrons?

A

B

C

D

E

F

Which element is very reactive with 3 electron rings? EEWhich element is a nonmetal with 2 electron rings? F FWhich element is a very reactive metal with 1 valence electron? BBWhich element is inert? DDWhich element has 5 electron rings? CCWhich metal has 2 valence electrons? AA