Atoms and the Periodic Table

Kim Lachler 12/29/12

ATOM

C:\Users\HP Customer\Desktop\The_Smallest_Piece_of_Matter__The_Atom.asf

Atom is the smallest part of anything that can not be broken down any further and remain the same thing.

Atoms made up of

Nucleus – the center of an atom– Neutron – has no charge– Protons – are positively charged

Electrons – are negatively charged

Atoms made up of

Bohr’s model– Has the electrons in orbits/shells

1st orbit holds 2 electrons 2nd orbit holds 8 electrons 3rd orbit holds 18 electrons

Cloud– The electrons travel around more like bouncing

around in a cloud.

ATOMIC NUMBER

There are the same number of protons and electrons in an atom.

The number of protons is known as the atomic number.

The_Atomic_Nucleus__Protons.asf

ATOMIC MASS and Isotopes

Atomic_Number__Mass_Number__Isotopes.asf Atomic mass is the number of protons + number of neutrons. Isotopes is when the atomic mass is different form atom to

atom of the same element because the number of neutrons are different.

PERIODIC TABLE

First it is important to understand what makes each element unique.– Atomic_Structure__How_Elements_Differ_from_

Each_Other.asf

What makes each element unique?– The number of Protons.

PERIODIC TABLE

The elements are arranged on the periodic table by the number of protons and then grouped by other properties, such as:

– Number of electrons in the outer shell– Type of medals – And so forth.

PERIODIC TABLE

Each square on the periodic table tells you the:

– Element name– Element symbol– The atomic number– The atomic mass (which is

the average of all it’s masses)

Ions

The electrons of an atom move around a lot. They like to have their outer shell filled. They will share electrons with other atoms to

accomplish this. When an atom gains or losses and electron

through this process it is called an ion.

Ions

Cation - When an atom losses electrons it is positively charged (has more protons then electrons)

Anion – When an atom gains electrons it is negatively charged (has more electrons then protons)

Molecule

When atoms bond; share electrons.

Bibliography

Discovery Education, discoveryeducation.com, accessed 12/29/12 Google images, http://www.900foot.com/pages/atom.htm ,accessed 12/29/12 Chemistry, http://www.crystalinks.com/chemistry.html, accessed 12/29/12 Basic electron engineering I, http://www.electronics-microcontroller.com/electronics-articles-basic-

Structure-of-the-Atom.htm, accessed 12/29/12 Jefferson Lab, isotope, http://education.jlab.org/glossary/isotope.html, Accessed 12/29/12 PLOS.org, periodic craziness, http://blogs.plos.org/speakeasyscience/2011/12/04/periodic-craziness/ ,

accessed 12/29/12 Wyzant, intro to elements and compounds,

http://www.wyzant.com/Help/Science/Chemistry/Intro_to_Elements_and_Compounds/, accessed 12/29/12