AtomsMatterMolecules - FINAL PPT

7/31/2019 AtomsMatterMolecules - FINAL PPT

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Atoms, Matter & Molecules

Science for 4th & 5th Grade!


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Observations

Direct evidence obtained

through use of the senses.


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InferenceA hypothesis, drawn from

observations, that attemptsto explain or to make sense

of the observations


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ATOM

The smallest particleinto which an element

may be divided and still

be the same substance.


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ATOM

The smallest part youcan break Hydrogen

(an element) into and

still have Hydrogen.


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Matter

Anything that has massand takes up space.

Energy is NOT matter


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Matter is divided into 4

components:

Elements

Compounds

Mixtures

Solutions


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ELEMENTAll elements are on the Periodic Table

All matter is made of an element or a

combination of elements

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold

A substance that consists of only onekind of atom and that cannot be

chemically separated into other

substances.


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Elements:

E l e m e n t s c a n n o t b ec h a n g e d i n t o s i m p l e rs u b s t a n c e s b y a n yc h e m i c a l p r o c e s s .

E l e m e n t s a r e m a d e u po f a t o m s .


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simplest kind of matter

Cannot be broken down into simpler All one kind of atom.

There are 109 of these known to

man

Elements:


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T y p e s o f m a t t e r C o m p o u n d s -

P u r e s u b s t a n c e s m

a d e u p o f m o r e t h a

n o n e e l e m e n t .


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substances that can be broken down

by chemical methodsWhen they are broken down, thepieces have completely different

properties than the compound.Made of molecules- two or moreatoms

Compounds:


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Compounds:They are puresubstances put

together bychemicallycombining

elements

Not allcombinations of

elements arecompounds

though some

can be mixtures!


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So remember ELEMENTS contain only one kind of

atom

There are 109 different kinds ofelements

1-109 = atomic # of the elements.


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Solutions: S o l u t i o n s - A s p e c i a l m i

x t u r e f o r m e d w h e n o n e s u

b s t a n c e d i s s o l v e s i n a n o t h e r.


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Solutions: S o l v e n t - t h e m o s t

a b u n d a n t s u b s t a n c e

i n t h e s o l u t i o n .

S o l u t e - t h e l e a s ta b u n d a n t s u b s t a n c e

i n t h e s o l u t i o n .


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A l l s o l u t i o n s a r e n o t

l i q u i d s :

A i r i s a s o l u t i o n

o f g a s e s .

S t e e l i s a s o l u t i o n

o f m e t a l s .


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Solutions Homogeneous mixture Mixed molecule by molecule

Can occur between any state of matter. Solid in liquid- Kool-aid Liquid in liquid- antifreeze Gas in gas- air

Solid in solid - brass Liquid in gas- water vapor


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Solutions Like all mixtures, they keep the

properties of the components.

Can be separated by physical means

Do not scatter light!

Not easily separated- but can be separated.


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Two techniques for separating

solutions:

#1. Evaporation:

changing from aliquid to vaporstate leavesbehind the

othercomponent.


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#2. Distillation:

Process used to drivevapor from liquid byheating

Great for separatingtwo or more liquidswhich have differentboiling points.


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MIXTURE Matter that can be

physically separatedinto component parts

It is two or morekinds of matter thathave separate

identities because oftheir differentproperties.


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When differentparts of a mixture

can no longer beseparated intosimpler

substances, we calleach component a

PURE SUBSTANCE


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There are two types of

mixtures: Heterogeneous-

mixture is not the

same from place toplace. Chocolate chip

cookie, gravel,

soil.

Homogeneous-same composition

throughout. Kool-aid, air.

Every part keeps its properties.

Mi


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Mixtures: Matter that consists of two or more

substances mixed together: but notchemically combined or bonded.

Examples: concrete, Sea Water, a bagfull ofdifferentcolored marbles..


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There are 2 types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixture:a mixture that does not

appear the same

throughout. (the

individual substances arevisible).

Ex. Soil, Raisin Brand,

Chicken Noodle Soup.

HeterogeneousMixture: a

mixture that

appears uniformthroughout. (well

mixed).

Ex. Stainless Steel

(Cr, Fe),


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T y p e s o f m a t t e r P r o p e r t i e s o f M i x t u r e s :

E a c h s u b s t a n c e r e t a i n s

i t s o w n p r o p e r t i e s .S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e p r e

s e n t i n a n y a m o u n t .

S u b s t a n c e s c a n b es e p a r a t e d b y s i m p l e

p h y s i c a l m e a n s.


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Which is it?

Element


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Which is it?

COMPOUNDWater is a compound formed from two

hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

chemically combined. H20


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Which is it?

MIXTURE


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Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t ,

c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s o l u t i o n?1. Water

2. Salt

3. Oxygen

4. Dirt5. Air

1. Compound

2. Compound

3. Element

4. Mixture

5. Solution

Click Mouse button to see answers!


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Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t ,

c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s o l u t i o n?6. Copper

7. Coke

8. Steel

9. Rain10. Ice-cream

6. Element

7. Solution/Mixture

8. Solution

9. Mixture

10. Mixture

Click Mouse button to see answers!


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What about MOLECULES?These are

MULTI-ATOMparticles

They are the smallest particle ofa substance that still retains the

properties of that substance and iscomposed of 2 or more atoms.

MOLECULE


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MOLECULE

Particle of matter thatis made up of two or

more atoms.

MOLECULE


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MOLECULE

The smallest part youcan break water (a

compound) into and

still have water.


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Particle Charge Location Mass

Proton + nucleus heavy

Neutron 0 nucleus heavy

Electron - energy levels very light

At i N b


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Atomic Number

The number of protons inthe nucleus

17

Cl

Chlorine35.453

At i M


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Atomic Mass

The number of protons PLUS thenumber of neutrons

17

ClChlorine

35.453


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Atomic Number: 17

Number of Protons: 17Number of Electrons: 17

Atomic Mass: 35Number of Neutrons: 18

17

ClChlorine

35.453


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17 p+

18 n0


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AtomsMatterMolecules - FINAL PPT