ATP: LIFE’S ATP: LIFE’S RECHARGEABLE BATTERYRECHARGEABLE BATTERY

To release energy, need to break To release energy, need to break off one of the Phosphates (P)off one of the Phosphates (P)

This forms ADPThis forms ADP

ADPADP = = LOW ENERGYLOW ENERGY To recharge the battery, need to To recharge the battery, need to

reattach the Phophatereattach the Phophate This forms ATPThis forms ATP

ATPATP = HIGH ENERGY = HIGH ENERGY

PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS

Why pine trees don’t hunt and kill Why pine trees don’t hunt and kill gazelles…gazelles…

Fun With Tim and MobyFun With Tim and Moby

http://www.brainpop.com/science/livingsystems/photosynthesis/

What’s the Ultimate energy source?What’s the Ultimate energy source? The sun is ultimate The sun is ultimate

energy source for energy source for virtually ALL life on virtually ALL life on earth.earth.

What can plants do that What can plants do that animals can’t?animals can’t?

What organelle do plant What organelle do plant cells have that animal cells have that animal cells don’t?cells don’t?

How do they do it?How do they do it?

Photosynthesis—Big PicturePhotosynthesis—Big Picture It is the conversion of It is the conversion of solar energy solar energy to to

chemical energychemical energy Involves rearranging matter to produce a Involves rearranging matter to produce a

usable form of chemical energyusable form of chemical energy

Happens in 2 stepsHappens in 2 steps Light reaction Light reaction - Light Dependent reaction- Light Dependent reaction Calvin cycle Calvin cycle - Light Independent reaction- Light Independent reaction

occurs in the light as well as the darkoccurs in the light as well as the dark

Equation for PhotosynthesisEquation for Photosynthesis

COCO22 + + HH22O + light ----->O + light -----> CC66HH1212OO66 + + OO22

INPUTSINPUTS OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

(REACTANTS)(REACTANTS) (PRODUCTS)(PRODUCTS)

Where do these inputs come from? Where do these inputs come from? Energy Energy (light) (light) comes comes

from the sun (or some from the sun (or some other artificial light other artificial light source.source.

WaterWater comes from the comes from the soil into the plant roots & soil into the plant roots & from the air via the from the air via the leaves.leaves.

Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide comes comes from the air and enters the from the air and enters the leaves.leaves.

Site of PhotosynthesisSite of Photosynthesis

Chloroplast

BEHIND THE SCENESBEHIND THE SCENES

2-STEP PROCESS2-STEP PROCESS STEP 1: Charge up the chloroplasts using light STEP 1: Charge up the chloroplasts using light

energyenergy STEP 2: Build glucoseSTEP 2: Build glucose

STEP 1: CHARGE THE STEP 1: CHARGE THE CHLOROPLAST LIKE A CHLOROPLAST LIKE A

BATTERY!BATTERY! Light strikes chloroplasts of a leaf cellLight strikes chloroplasts of a leaf cell Energy from light energizes chlorophyll Energy from light energizes chlorophyll Energized chlorophyll splits a Energized chlorophyll splits a water water

molecule,molecule, What is a water molecule made of?What is a water molecule made of? What parts do you think it is split into?What parts do you think it is split into?

Ta-daaaaaah!Ta-daaaaaah!

OXYGENOXYGEN: : given off as a gas (waste) given off as a gas (waste) This is the place where you’ve learned that plants give off This is the place where you’ve learned that plants give off

oxygenoxygen

HYDROGENS: HYDROGENS: captured and used later in the captured and used later in the process process

Harvesting of Light by Photosystems Harvesting of Light by Photosystems (chlorophyll acts as a solar collector)(chlorophyll acts as a solar collector)

STEP 2: BUILD THE SUGARSTEP 2: BUILD THE SUGAR The fixation of carbon dioxide from atmosphere to make The fixation of carbon dioxide from atmosphere to make

sugar (storing carbon)sugar (storing carbon)

Light is Light is NOTNOT necessary for this reaction- it takes place necessary for this reaction- it takes place bothboth during the day and at night during the day and at night

Combines COCombines CO22 with other carbon containing compounds to with other carbon containing compounds to form sugar form sugar Glucose (6 carbons)Glucose (6 carbons)

When you learned that plants take in COWhen you learned that plants take in CO22

(carbon dioxide) this is where its used.(carbon dioxide) this is where its used.

A SummaryA Summary

Yet anotherYet another

Glucose moleculesGlucose molecules

What kinds of light are involved?What kinds of light are involved?

PigmentsPigments

1. Chlorophyll is a pigment. It absorbs 1. Chlorophyll is a pigment. It absorbs redred and and blueblue light, and transmits light, and transmits green green lightlight

2.2. Carotenoids absorb Carotenoids absorb violet violet and and blueblue lightlight

3.3. Xanthophyls absorb Xanthophyls absorb yellowyellow and and orangeorange light. light.

Phenol RedPhenol Red

Indicator solution for Carbon dioxideIndicator solution for Carbon dioxide Turns Turns redred in low CO in low CO22

Turns Turns yellowyellow in high CO in high CO22

ChromatographyChromatography Pigments have different rates of flow on Pigments have different rates of flow on

filter paperfilter paper Petroleum Ether is the solvent used to Petroleum Ether is the solvent used to

carry the pigmentcarry the pigment Heavier pigments travel least distanceHeavier pigments travel least distance Light weight pigments travel farthestLight weight pigments travel farthest

IIIIIIIIIIIII ORANGE……... CAROTENE

IIIIIIIIIIIII YELLOW...XANTHOPHYLL

IIIIIIIIIIIII LIGHT GREEN....CHLOR. A

IIIIIIIIIIIII DARKGREEN…...CHLOR. B

IIIIIIIIIIIII RED………..ANTHOCYANIN

Chromatography

Resources for photosynthesisResources for photosynthesis

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.htmlfarabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html

Equation for Cellular RespirationEquation for Cellular Respiration

Look carefully at this equation. What equation does Look carefully at this equation. What equation does it appear to be similar?it appear to be similar?

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 6CO 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O + Energy (ATPs)O + Energy (ATPs)

INPUTSINPUTS OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

Where does this reaction occur?Where does this reaction occur?