What make you who you are?②　 Attachment

Attachment theory(Bowlby. J 1969)

1. Humans are pre-programed to form attachment in order to survive

2. Child-caregiver relationships becomes a prototype of later relationships

1. Humans are pre-programed to form attachment in order to survive

Imprinting (Lorenz.K 1935)

Pre-programed tofollow the first thing

they see after emerging from the egg

http://www.flickr.com/

Harlow.H (1950s)

Securitythan

Food

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Human infant

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Secure base

From which to explore

Flee in when danger

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Strange situation(Ainsworth 1978)

Subject: 1-2 year old infants

Procedure: Separation & reunion

Measure attachment

Resistant 15%

Avoidant15%

Secure70%

Don’t leave me!! I trust youI don’t rely

on you

inconsistent unresponsive sensitive

resistant avoidant secure

2. Child-caregiver relationships becomes a prototype of later relationships

Internal working model(Bowlby. J 1973)

View about self and others

Others are not sensitive

I am not acceptable

Others do not love me

avoid

Romantic relationships

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Secure type in the future

Higher self-esteemMake stable and reliable relationships

Lower risk of depression

anxious

When my partner is out of sight, I worry that he or she might become interested in someone else

I'm afraid that once a romantic partner gets to know me, he or she won't like who I really am.

(experiences in close relationships scale 1998)

avoidant

I prefer not to show a partner how I feel deep down.

I find it difficult to allow myself to depend on romantic partners.

I am nervous when partners get too close to me.

(experiences in close relationships scale 1998)

Conclusion

Refarences• Ainsworth, M. (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study

of the Strange Situation. From http://books.google.co.jp/books?hl=ja&lr=&id=8wRu5InF79gC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=attachment+%E8%91%97%E8%80%85:ainsworth&ots=gVr7_C92rz&sig=I0WTvLe1vn4AhqDER2WN5XRBtv4#v=snippet&q=type&f=false • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: VoL 1. Attachment. New York:

Basic Books.• Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation Anxiety

and anger. New York: Basic Books.• Fraley, Waller, and Brennan (2000) The Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) Questionnaire from http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~rcfraley/measures/ecrritems.htm