Attendance Using RFID2

8/3/2019 Attendance Using RFID2

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/attendance-using-rfid2 1/82

1

ABSTRACT

RFID (radio frequency identification)based attendance system is a

microcontroller based system for identifying persons, automatically

register the attendance and stores it in the EEPROM. The main

components of this system are an 89S52 microcontroller, an RFID reader

module and an EEPROM.

RFID reader module, also called as interrogators, convert radio waves

returned from the RFID tag into a form that can be passed on toControllers, which can make use of it. RFID tags and readers have to be

tuned to the same frequency in order to communicate. RFID systems usemany different frequencies, but the most common and widely used &supported by our Reader is 125 KHz.Each individual is given a tag, and the passive tags are excited when it isin magnetic proximity of the reader module and sends a code. The code isreceived, decoded and processed by the microcontroller and stored in theEEPROM



2

INDEX

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE

1. Introduction 1

2. Block Diagram

2.1 Block Diagram Description 2

3. Circuit

3.1 Circuit Description 4

3.2 Circuit Operation 8

4. Microcontroller Program 10

5. PCB

5.1 PCB Fabrication 13

5.2 PCB & Component Layout 15

5.3 Soldering 17

6. Estimate 19

7. Conclusion 20



3

References 21

Datasheets 22

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays electronics and communication engineering is a fast growing field.

The fast growing technology is being implemented in almost all fields including

buisness, academics, medicine etc. Almost every aspects of our day to day life are

influenced by these changes in the electronics industry. The result is better reliability

and greater profit with low cost.

Here, in this project we introduce a fully automated, electronic version of our

daily attendance system. We use a radio frequency identification module for identifying

individuals. Each individual is provided with a RF tag (which consists of an antenna

and an embedded chip). The RF tag gets energized by the magnetic field provided by

the receiver module when it is in close proximity (within 15 cm) and sends the particular code stored within. The RF reader module receives the code, decodes it is

stored in the EEPROM connected along with the time and date provided by the DS

1307(real time clock).



4

CHAPTER 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

RF tagRF ID

reader

module

Microcontroller

Serial port

Keyboard

and

display

EEPROM

REAL TIME

CLOCK



5

Fig 2.1 Block Diagram



6

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Figure 2.1 shows the block diagram .Following is the description of each block in

detail.

RF ID tag consists of a small antenna and a chip (memory element) embedded within.

It is designed in such a way that it looks like an identification card; we can write

anything on it. The tag is energized when it is in the close proximity of the receiver

module and it sends the data to the receiver module serially. Here we use passive tags-

i.e., tags which do not need any power supply.

RF ID receiver consists of a chip programmed for the sole purpose. It includes a

magnetising coil for creating a field. The field have a range up to 15 cm. Here we use

the whole receiver unit can be considered as a 10 pin IC.

89S52 microcontroller is used here. Microcontroller is programmed to co-ordinate the

whole processes.

DS1307 is used as the real time clock. Real-time clock (RTC) counts seconds, minutes,hours, date of the month, month, day of the week, and year with leap-year compensation valid up to 2100. It is battery backed and has two wire serial interface.The RTC provides the date and time for registering the attendance.

AT24C08 is the EEPROM used. It is an Internally Organized 256 x 8 (2K), 512 x 8

(4K) or 1024 x 8 (8K) memory unit with 2-Wire Serial Interface. The name, date andtime is stored in the EEPROM. Data is written using the I2C protocol.

Keyboard and display unit consists of the keyboard and a 16*1 LCD screen for

display. Individual names can be entered using the keyboard and LCD displays all the

procedures.

Serial port provides path for communication with PC. The name, time and date are

displayed in the PC. PC can also be used to store the data in replacement of the

EEPROM.

CHAPTER 3



7

CIRCUIT

3.1 CIRCIUT DESCRIPTION

Figure 3.1 shows the circuit diagram of the RFID attendance system

Figure 3.0 shows the circuit diagram of the power supply circuit. This section

uses a voltage regulator LM 7805, 4 diodes and two capacitors. The voltage regulator

IC has three pins-input pin, output pin and ground pin. The diode D2 ensures that the

circuit does not get damaged even if the power source gets reversed. Two capacitors C3

and C4 are used at the input and output of the voltage regulator in order to avoid ripples

in the input and output voltage of the regulator.

Figure 3.1 shows the circuit diagram of the RFID attendance system .The circuits

consists of the 89S52 microcontroller, RFID reader module, a real time clock IC, an

EEPROM,LCD, keyboard and arrangements for serial communication. Each

component is explained as below.

The RFID receiver module communicates serially with the microcontroller through the

RXD pin (pin 10). Receiver module consists of an embedded circuit solely designed for

this purpose and a magnetising coil for energising the tags.

The LCD’s pins D0 to D7 are connected to the port 1(p1.0 to p1.7). The LCD is 16*1

type and has to be provided with separate supply for backlight. The RS, RW, E pins are

connected to p0.0, p0.1, p0.2 respectively.

We use DS1307 as the real time clock. The DS1307 Serial Real-Time Clock is a low- power; full binary-coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM.Address and data are transferred serially via a 2-wire, bi-directional bus. Theclock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with AM/PM indicator. The DS1307 has a built-in power sensecircuit that detects power failures and automatically switches to the battery supply. It is

a 56-byte, battery-backed, non-volatile (NV) RAM for data storage with two-wire serialinterface. It has Programmable square wave output signal. It consumes less than 500nAin battery backup mode with oscillator running.

AT24C08 is the EEPROM used. The AT24C08 provides 8192 bits of serial electricallyerasable and programmable read only memory (EEPROM) organized as 1024 word of 8

bits each. The device is optimized for use in many industrial and commercialapplications where low power and low voltage operation are essential.It is an 8-pin IC and we write data by I2C protocol.MAX232 is used for serial communication. It is a +5V-Powered, Multichannel RS-232Drivers/Receivers and pin 10(t1 in) is connected to the TXD pin of the

microcontroller.



8

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.0 Circuit diagram of the power supply unit

Fig 31 main Circuit diagram

230/0-12V

L1

AC

230V1N4007

D1

1N4007

D4

1000uF/25V

C1LM7805

1

2

3

IC1

C2

1N4007

D3

1N4007

D2

+5V

100uF/16

v



9

3.2 CIRCUIT OPERATION

The tag gets energized when it is in the magnetic proximity of the RFIDreceiver module. The receiver module reads the data in the individual cards and sends itserially to the pin 10(RXD). The microcontroller is programmed to process the data and

store the date and time for registering the address. The date and time is provided by theDS1307 real time clock. The DS1307 Serial Real-Time Clock is a low-power, full

binary-coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM. Address anddata are transferred serially via a 2-wire, bi-directional bus. The clock/calendar providesseconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the monthdate is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including correctionsfor leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12 hour format with AM/PMindicator. The DS1307 has a built-in power sense circuit that detects power failures andautomatically switches to the battery supply.

The details of the authorised individuals will be stored in the microcontroller and when

the mc receives the data serially from the RFID reader, it checks the details; say itchecks the last 2 bytes of the 12byte address. Using the keyboard we can add or discardan user. Also we can enter the name of the individual using the 4*4 keyboard.AT24C08 is used as EEPROM with an internally organised 8K memory. It is

programmed using the I2C protocol through the 2-wire serial interface. The device isoptimized for use in many industrial and commercial applications where low power andlow voltage operation are essential. The name of the individual, date and time of logging in is stored in the EEPROM. The SDA and SCL pins are connected to the port0.6 and port 0.7 resp. the A0, A1, A2 pins are grounded.The LCD is connected to the port 1; i.e. D0 to D7 are connected to p1.0 to p1.7respectively. Other connections of the LCD are given accordingly. The LCD is

programmed so that it displays all the proceedings including displaying the name, date,time and data stored in the EEPROM.The PC interfacing is provided using serial data transfer and with the help of a VISUALBASIC program. The name of the individuals, date and time are displayed and alongwith that an attendance register is created.The serial data transfer is done through one of the COM ports of the PC using an

RS232 connector. To drive the RS232 we use a MAX232 IC which is a 16 pin IC.The connections are made as shown in the circuitdiagram.



10

CHAPTER 4

MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAM

;p1.0_7 connected to D0_7 of lcd

;p0.0 to RS

;p0.1 to RW

;p0.2 to E

;p0.3 to sda rtc

;p0.4 to scl rtc

;p0.5 to sda1 eeprom



11

;p0.6 to scl1 eeprom

;p3.0(rxd) to rfid

;p3.1(txd) to pc

;*******************************************************

;*******************************************************

SDA EQU P0.3

SCL EQU P0.4

SDA1 EQU P0.5

SCL1 EQU P0.6

RB0 EQU 00H

RB1 EQU 08H

RB2 EQU 10H

DS1307W EQU 0D0H

DS1307R EQU 0D1H

ROM_W EQU 0A0H

ROM_R EQU 0A1H

UP EQU P3.2

DOWN EQU P3.3

ENTER EQU P3.4

CANCEL EQU P3.5

DSEG ;internal data memory



12

ORG 20H ;bit addressable

FLAGS1: DS 1

RECEIVED BIT FLAGS1.0

AM BIT FLAGS1.1

MAS BIT FLAGS1.2

LASTREAD BIT FLAGS1.3

COUNTER: DS 1

BITCNT: DS 1

BYTECNT: DS 1

BYTE: DS 12

BYTES: DS 12 ;hold data read from eeprom

SECS: DS 1

MINS: DS 1

HRS: DS 1

DAY: DS 1

DATE1: DS 1

MONTH: DS 1

YEAR: DS 1

TOTAL: DS 1

TEMP: DS 1

TEMPS: DS 1

KB_DATA: DS 1

ROLLNOS: DS 2 ;hold card owner roll no

COUNTT: DS 1

STACK: DS 1

;*****MACROS******



13

SCL_HIGH MACRO

SETB SCL

JNB SCL, $

ENDM

CSEG ;program memory

; ---------==========----------==========---------=========---------

; Main routine. Program execution starts here.

; ---------==========----------==========---------=========---------

ORG 0H

AJMP MAIN

ORG 23H

JMP SERIAL

; ---------==========----------==========---------=========---------

MAIN:

MOV PSW, #RB0 ; Select register bank 0

MOV SP, #STACK

; **********************************************************

; INITILIZE RTC

; **********************************************************

SETB SDA ; ENSURE SDA HIGH

SCL_HIGH ; ENSURE SCL HIGH



14

CALL OSC_CONTROL ;Initilize the RTC

; **********************************************************

MOV TMOD, #20H

MOV TH1, #0FDH

MOV SCON, #50H

SETB ES

SETB EA

SETB TR1

MOV COUNTER, #01H

CLR RECEIVED

CALL INT_LCD

CALL TITLES

CALL DELAYS

CALL DELAYS

CALL READ_TOTAL

; **********************************************************

; CHECK FOR ENTER THE TIME

; **********************************************************

LCALL SEND_START ; SEND 2WIRE START CONDITION

MOV A, #DS1307W ; SEND DS1307 WRITE COMMAND

LCALL SEND_BYTE



15

MOV A, #08H ; SET POINTER TO REG 08H ON

DS1307

LCALL SEND_BYTE

LCALL SEND_STOP ; SEND STOP CONDITION

LCALL SEND_START ; SEND START CONDITION

MOV A, #DS1307R ; SEND DS1307 READ COMMAND

LCALL SEND_BYTE

LCALL READ_BYTE ; READ A BYTE OF DATA

MOV R1, A

LCALL SEND_STOP ; SEND 2WIRE STOP CONDITION

CJNE A, #0AAH, SET_RTC

AJMP TOP

;************************************************************

TOP: CALL RTCLOCK

MOV R0, #04H

RX3: MOV R1, #0FFH

RX1: MOV R2, #0FFH

RX2: JB RECEIVED,TOPS

DJNZ R2, RX2

DJNZ R1, RX1

DJNZ R0, RX3

AJMP TOP

;************************************************************

TOPS: MOV COUNTER, #01H

CLR ES



16

CLR RECEIVED

MOV R1, #BYTES ;CHECK FOR MASTER CARD

MOV R4,#03H ;MASTER ADDRESS

MOV R6, #12 ;NUMBER OF BYTES

CALL READ_EEPROM

CLR MAS

CALL COMPARE

JNB MAS, OTHER1

CALL DISPLAY ;"MASTER DETECTED

CALL DELAYS

CALL DELAYS

REP1: MOV TEMP, #01H

CALL DISPLAY1 ;"Press enter to add tag"

SETB UP

SETB DOWN

SETB ENTER

SETB CANCEL

UJI1: JNB CANCEL, VBN1

JNB UP, VBN2

JNB DOWN, VBN3

JNB ENTER, VBN4

AJMP UJI1

OTHER1: AJMP OTHER

VBN1: JNB CANCEL, $



17

SETB ES

CLR RECEIVED

AJMP TOP

VBN2: JNB UP, $

CALL DISPLAY1 ;"PRESS ENTER TO ADD TAG"

MOV TEMP, #01H

AJMP UJI1

VBN3: JNB DOWN, $

CALL DISPLAY2 ;"PRESS ENTER TO EDIT

TAG"

MOV TEMP, #02H

AJMP UJI1

;**************************************************************

GHO1: CJNE R5, #02H, GHO2 ;Delete Tag

JNB ENTER, $

JMP DELETE_PGM

GHO2: JNB ENTER, $

AJMP UJI1

REAP1: CALL DELAY

JNB CANCEL, $

AJMP REP1

;*************************************************************

VBN4: MOV R5, TEMP

CJNE R5, #01H, GHO1 ;Add tag



18

VBC1: CLR RECEIVED

CALL DISPLAY3 ;Show Tag

SETB ES

FVG1: JNB CANCEL, REAP1 ;stay in loop untill cancell or

receive tag

JNB RECEIVED,FVG1

CLR ES

LOOP1: CALL DISPLAY4 ;plz enter ROLL NO:

MOV TEMP, #00H

CALL CLEAR_RAM ;CLEARS ROLLNOS IN RAM

EDC: CLR C

CALL LOOP ;key is stored in KB_DATA, displays on

lcd

INC TEMP

MOV R2,TEMP

CJNE R2, #01H, EDC1

MOV R1, #ROLLNOS

MOV @R1, KB_DATA

EDC1: CJNE R2, #02H, EDC

MOV R1, #ROLLNOS+1

MOV @R1, KB_DATA

CALL DELAYS

CALL PRESS_ENTER

SETB ENTER

SETB CANCEL

HHJ: JNB CANCEL, LOOP1S



19

JB ENTER, HHJ

JNB ENTER, $

CALL READ_TOTAL

INC TOTAL

MOV R7, T0TAL

CALL GET_ADDRESS

MOV R1, #BYTE

MOV R4, R7

MOV R6, #12

CALL STORE_EEPROM

CALL MDELAY

MOV R1, #ROLLNOS

MOV A, R7

ADD A, #0CH

MOV R4, A

MOV R6, #2

CALL STORE_EEPROM

CALL MDELAY

CALL ID_SAVED

CALL WRITE_TOTAL

CALL DELAYS

JNB ENTER, $

AJMP REP1

LOOP1S: AJMP LOOP1

;*********************************************************************

LOOP:



20

ACALL GET_KEY

JNB ENTER, GHBH

JNB CANCEL, DCFV1

JNC LOOP

MOV R4, KB_DATA

CALL DATAWRT

RET

GHBH:

JNB ENTER, $

MOV TEMP, #2

RET

DCFV1:

JNB CANCEL, $

AJMP LOOP1

;********************************************************************

OTHER:

CALL READ_TOTAL

MOV R2, TOTAL

CALL CLEAR_RAM

MOV TEMP, #01H

JKP: MOV R7, TEMP

CALL GET_ADDRESS

MOV A, R7

CJNE A, #0FFH, CONT

SJMP ERR

CONT:MOV R1, #BYTES



21

MOV R4, R7

MOV R6, #12

CALL READ_EEPROM

CLR MAS

INC TEMP

CALL COMPARE

JNB MAS, JKP

MOV R1, #ROLLNOS

MOV A, R7

ADD A, #0CH

MOV R4, A

MOV R6, #2

CALL READ_EEPROM

CALL NAMES1

CALL DISP_ROLLNO

AJMP DON

ERR: CALL CARD_ERROR

SETB ES

CALL DELAYS

CALL DELAYS

AJMP TOP

DON: CALL TRANSMIT_DATA

SETB ES

CALL DELAYS

CALL DELAYS



22

AJMP TOP

NAMES1: JNB AM, ASX1

CALL NAME1

RET

ASX1: CALL NAME2

RET

;*******************************************************************

SEND_START:

SETB SDA ; BEGIN START CODITION

SCL_HIGH

CLR SDA

NOP

NOP

CLR SCL

RET

;****************************************************************

SEND_BYTE:

MOV BITCNT, #08H

SB_LOOP: RLC A

MOV SDA, C

SCL_HIGH

NOP

NOP

CLR SCL



23

DJNZ BITCNT, SB_LOOP

SETB SDA

SCL_HIGH

NOP

NOP

CLR SCL

NOP

NOP

RET

; *************************************************************

; **********************************************************

SEND_STOP:

CLR SDA

SCL_HIGH

SETB SDA

RET

;**********************************************************

;**********************************************************

READ_BYTE:

MOV BITCNT, #08H

MOV A, #00H

SETB SDA

READ_BITS:

SCL_HIGH

MOV C, SDA

RLC A



24

CLR SCL

DJNZ BITCNT, READ_BITS

JB LASTREAD, ACKN

CLR SDA

ACKN:

SCL_HIGH

CLR SCL

RET

;***********************************************************

SERIAL:

PUSH PSW ; save current registerset

MOV PSW,#RB1

PUSH ACC

JB TI,TRANS

MOV A,SBUF

CJNE A,#0AH,DOWNW

MOV COUNTER,#01H

AJMP DDWN

DOWNW:CJNE A,#0DH,DOWN2

MOV COUNTER,#01H

AJMP DDWN

DOWN2:

MOV R1,COUNTER

CJNE R1,#01H,YH1

MOV BYTE,A

AJMP DOWN1

YH1: CJNE R1,#02H,YH2



25

MOV BYTE+1,A

AJMP DOWN1


MOV BYTE+2,A

AJMP DOWN1


MOV BYTE+3,A

AJMP DOWN1


MOV BYTE+4,A

AJMP DOWN1


MOV BYTE+5,A

AJMP DOWN1


MOV BYTE+6,A

AJMP DOWN1


MOV BYTE+7,A

AJMP DOWN1


MOV BYTE+8,A

AJMP DOWN1

YH9: CJNE R1,#0AH,DOWN1

MOV BYTE+9,A

SETB RECEIVED

AJMP DOWN1



26

DOWN1:INC COUNTER

DDWN: CLR RI

POP ACC

POP PSW

RETI

TRANS: CLR TI

POP ACC

POP PSW

RETI

;***********************************************************

;**********************************************************

OSC_CONTROL:

ACALL SEND_START ; GENERATE START CONDITION

MOV A,#DS1307W ; 1101 0000 ADDRESS + WRITE-BIT

ACALL SEND_BYTE ; SEND BYTE TO 1307

MOV A,#00H ; ADDRESS BYTE TO REGISTER 00H

ACALL SEND_BYTE ; SECONDS REGISTER, ALWAYS LEAVE

SETB LASTREAD ; REG 00H-BIT #7 = 0 (LOW)

ACALL SEND_STOP ; IF REG 00H-BIT #7 = 1 CLOCK

ACALL SEND_START ; OSCILLATOR IS OFF.

MOV A,#DS1307R ; 1101 0001 ADDRESS + READ-BIT

ACALL SEND_BYTE ;

ACALL READ_BYTE ; READ A BYTE FROM THE 1307

CLR ACC.7 ; CLEAR REG 00H-BIT #7 TO ENABLE



27

OSC_SET: ; OSCILLATOR.

PUSH ACC ; SAVE ON STACK

ACALL SEND_STOP ;

ACALL SEND_START ;

MOV A,#DS1307W ; SETUP TO WRITE

ACALL SEND_BYTE ;

MOV A,#00H ; REGISTER 00H ADDRESS

ACALL SEND_BYTE ;

POP ACC ; GET DATA TO START OSCILLATOR

ACALL SEND_BYTE ; SEND IT

ACALL SEND_STOP

RET

;********************************************************************

;lcd subroutines

;********************************************************************

INT_LCD: ;initialise lcd

MOV A, #38H;5*7 matrix

ACALL CMDWRT

MOV A, #0EH ;disp on, cursor blinks

ACALL CMDWRT

MOV A, #01H;clr disp

ACALL CMDWRT

MOV A, #084H ;first row, 4th position

ACALL CMDWRT

RET

CMDWRT: ;write command, command in R4

PUSH ACC



28

ACALL READY

MOV A, R4

MOV P1, A

CLR P2.0

CLR P2.1

SETB P2.2 ;set e high

CLR P2.2 ;h-l pulse

POP ACC

RET

DATAWRT:

PUSH ACC ;write data, data in R4

ACALL READY

MOV A, R4

MOV P1, A

SETB P2.0

CLR P2.1

SETB P2.2

CLR P2.2 ;h-l pulse

POP ACC

RET

READY: ;to check disp ready

SETB P1.7

CLR P2.0

SETB P2.1

BACK:

CLR P2.2

SETB P2.2



29

JB P1.7, BACK

RET

BCDWRT:

PUSH ACC ;write packed bcd, bcd data in R3

ACALL READY

MOV A, R3

ANL A, #0F0H

SWAP A

ADD A, #30H

MOV R4, A

CALL DATAWRT

MOV A, R3

ANL A, #0FH

ADD A, #30H

MOV R4, A

CALL DATAWRT

POP ACC

RET

;

**********************************************************************

**

TITLES:

MOV DPTR,#MSAG

CALL LCD_MSG

RET

MSAG:

DB 1H,81H,'RFID Based',0C0H,'Attendance Sys',00H



30

;*************************************************************

DELAYS: ;One second delay routine

MOV R0,#05H

RS3: MOV R1,#0FFH

RA1: MOV R2,#0FFH

RS2: NOP

DJNZ R2,RS2

DJNZ R1,RA1

DJNZ R0,RS3

RET

;**************************************************************

READ_TOTAL:

MOV A,#WTCMD ;LOAD WRITE COMMAND TO

SEND ADDRESS

CALL OUTS ;SEND IT

MOV A,#02H ;GET LOW BYTE ADDRESS

CALL OUT ;SEND IT

CALL CREAD ;GET DATA BYTE

MOV TOTAL,R1

CALL MDELAY

RET

;

**********************************************************************

******

SET_RTC:

MOV TEMP, #00H

LAOP: INC TEMP

MOV R1, TEMP



31

CJNE R1,#01H,IOP1

CALL DATE_DISP ;enter date

CALL GET_KEY ;key in kb_data(ascii), displayed on lcd

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

SWAP A

MOV DATE1, A

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

ORL A, DATE1

MOV DATE1, A

CALL DELAY

AJMP LAOP

IOP1: CJNE R1, #02H, IOP2 ;GET MONTH

CALL MON_DISP

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

SWAP A

MOV MONTH, A

CALL GET_KEY



32

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

ORL A, MONTH

MOV MONTH, A

CALL DELAY

AJMP LAOP

IOP2: CJNE R1, #03H, IOP3 ;GET YEAR

CALL YR_DISP

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

SWAP A

MOV YEAR, A

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

ORL A, YEAR

MOV YEAR, A

CALL DELAY

AJMP LAOP

IOP3: CJNE R1, #04H, IOP4 ;GET DAY

CALL DAY_DISP

CALL GET_KEY



33

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

MOV DAY, A

CALL DELAY

AJMP LAOP

IOP4: CJNE R1, #05H, IOP5 ;GET HOUR

CALL HR_DISP

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

SWAP A

MOV HRS, A

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

ORL A, HRS

MOV HRS, A

CALL DELAY

AJMP LAOP

IOP5: CJNE R1, #06H, IOP6 ;GET MIN

CALL MIN_DISP

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C



34

SUBB A, #30H

SWAP A

MOV MINS, A

MOV R4, KB_DATA

CALL WRLCDDATA

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

ORL A, MINS

MOV MINS, A

CALL DELAY

AJMP LAOP

IOP6: CJNE R1, #07H, STORE_RTC ;GET AM/PM

CALL AMS_DISP

CALL GET_KEY

MOV A, KB_DATA

CLR C

SUBB A, #30H

CJNE A, #00H, GBBN1

SETB AMS

CALL AM_DISP

AJMP GBBN2

GBBN1: CLR AMS

CALL PM_DISP

GBBN2: CALL DELAY



35

AJMP LAOP

;

**********************************************************************

**********

STORE_RTC:


MOV A, #DS1307W ; LOAD DS1307 WRITE COMMAND

LCALL SEND_BYTE ; SEND WRITE COMMAND

MOV A, #08H ; SET DS1307 DATA POINTER TO

BEGINNING

LCALL SEND_BYTE ; OF USER RAM 08H

MOV A, #0AAH ; WRITE BYTE TO ENTIRE RAM

SPACE

LCALL SEND_BYTE

LCALL SEND_STOP ; SEND 2WIRE STOP CONTION


MOV A, #DS1307W ; LOAD DS1307 WRITE COMMAND

LCALL SEND_BYTE ; SEND WRITE COMMAND

MOV A, #01H ; SET DS1307 DATA POINTER TO

BEGINNING

LCALL SEND_BYTE ; OF 00H

MOV A, MINS ; Send min

LCALL SEND_BYTE

MOV A, HRS ;send hr

SETB ACC.6 ;12 HR MODE

JNB AMS, YUH

CLR ACC.5 ;AM/PM 1=PM,0=AM

AJMP YUH1



36

YUH: SETB ACC.5

YUH1:LCALL SEND_BYTE

MOV A, DAY ; Send Day

LCALL SEND_BYTE

MOV A, DATE1 ; Send date

LCALL SEND_BYTE

MOV A, MONTH ; Send month

LCALL SEND_BYTE

MOV A, YEAR ; Send yr

LCALL SEND_BYTE

LCALL SEND_STOP ; SEND 2WIRE STOP CONTION

RET

;

**********************************************************************

*******

GET_KEY:

MOV P2, #0FFH

K1: MOV P1, #0

MOV A, P2

ANL A, #0FH

CJNE A, #0FH, K1

K2: ACALL DELAY_KB

MOV A, P2

ANL A, #0FH

CJNE A, #0FH, OVER

SJMP K2

OVER:ACALL DELAY_KB

MOV A, p2



37

ANL A, #0FH

CJNE A, #0FH, OVER1

SJMP K2

OVER1: MOV P1, #0FEH

MOV A, P2

ANL A, #0FH

CJNE A, #0FH, ROW_0

MOV P1, #0FDH

MOV A, P2

ANL A, #0FH

CJNE A, #0FH, ROW_1

MOV P1, #0FBH

MOV A, P2

ANL A, #0FH

CJNE A, #0FH, ROW_2

MOV P1, #0F7H

MOV A, P2

ANL A, #0FH

CJNE A, #0FH, ROW_3

LJMP K2

ROW_0: MOV DPTR, #KCODE0

SJMP FIND


SJMP FIND


SJMP FIND



38


FIND: RRC A

JNC MATCH

INC DPTR

SJMP FIND

MATCH: CLR A

MOVC A, @A+DPTR

MOV KB_DATA, A

SETB C

RET

DELAY_KB:

PUSH R1

MOV R1, #6

AGAIN: CALL MDELAY

DJNZ R1, AGAIN

POP R1

RET

;look-up table

KCODE0: DB '0', '1', '2', '3'

KCODE1: DB '4', '5', '6', '7'

KCODE2: DB '8', '9', 'A', 'B'

KCODE3: DB 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'

;*************************************************************

RTCLOCK:

PUSH ACC

CALL READ_CLOCK



39

MOV A, #01H

CALL CMDWRT

MOV A, #81H

CALL CMDWRT

MOV R3, DATE1

CALL BCDWRT

MOV A, #'-'

CALL DATAWRT

MOV R3, MONTH

CALL BCDWRT

MOV A, #'-'

CALL DATAWRT

MOV A, #'2'

CALL DATAWRT

MOV A, #'0'

CALL DATAWRT

MOV R3, YEAR

CALL BCDWRT

MOV A,DAY

CJNE A,#01H,TGY1

CALL SUN

JMP TGY

TGY1: CJNE A,#02H,TGY2

CALL MON

JMP TGY



40


CALL TUE

JMP TGY


CALL WED

JMP TGY


CALL THU

JMP TGY


CALL FRI

JMP TGY

TGY6: CJNE A,#07H,TGY

CALL SAT

JMP TGY

TGY: MOV A, #0C3H

CALL CMDWRT

MOV A, HRS

JNB ACC.5, DCF3

CLR AM

AJMP DCF2

DCF3: SETB AM

DCF2: ANL A, #00011111B

MOV R3, A

CALL BCDWRT

MOV A, #':'

CALL DATAWRT



41

MOV R3, MINS

CALL BCDWRT

MOV A, #':'

CALL DATAWRT

MOV R3, SECS

CALL BCDWRT

MOV A, #' '

CALL DATAWRT

JNB AM, DCF0

MOV A, #'A'

CALL DATAWRT

JMP DCF4

DCF0: MOV A, #'P'

CALL DATAWRT

DCF4: MOV A, #'M'

CALL DATAWRT

NOP

POP ACC

RET

;

**********************************************************************

**

READ_EEPROM:

MOV A,#ROM_W ;LOAD WRITE COMMAND TO SEND

ADDRESS

CALL OUTS ;SEND IT



42

MOV A,R4 ;GET LOW BYTE ADDRESS

CALL OUT ;SEND IT

MOV A, #ROM_R ;LOAD READ COMMAND

CALL OUTS ;SEND IT

BRDLP: CALL IN ;READ DATA

MOV @R1,a ;STORE DATA

INC R1 ;INCREMENT DATA POINTER

DJNZ R6,AKLP ;DECREMENT LOOP COUNTER

CALL STOP ;IF DONE, ISSUE STOP CONDITION

RET ;DONE, EXIT ROUTINE

AKLP: CLR SDA1 ;NOT DONE, ISSUE ACK

SETB SCL1

NOP ;NOTE 1

NOP

NOP

NOP ;NOTE 2

NOP

CLR SCL1

JMP BRDLP ;CONTINUE WITH READS

;**********************************************************************

***

STORE_EEPROM:

MOV A, #ROM_W ;LOAD WRITE COMMAND

CALL OUTS ;SEND IT

MOV A, R4 ;GET LOW BYTE ADDRESS

CALL OUT ;SEND IT



43

BTLP: MOV A, @R1 ;GET DATA

CALL OUT ;SEND IT

INC R1 ;INCREMENT DATA POINTER

DJNZ R6, BTLP ;LOOP TILL DONE

CALL STOP ;SEND STOP CONDITION

RET

;

**********************************************************************

***

OUTS: CALL START

CALL DATA_WRITE

CALL ACK

RET

;

**********************************************************************

***

OUT: CALL DATA_WRITE

CALL ACK

RET

;

**********************************************************************

***

STOP: CLR SDA1

NOP

SETB SCL1

NOP

NOP

SETB SDA1

NOP



44

NOP

CLR SCL1

NOP

SETB SDA1

RET

;

**********************************************************************

**

START: SETB SDA1

NOP

SETB SCL1

NOP

NOP

CLR SDA1

NOP

NOP

CLR SCL1

NOP

RET

;

**********************************************************************

**

DATA_WRITE:

CLR C

MOV R2, #08H

HERE7:

RLC A

MOV SDA1, C

SETB SCL1



45

JNB SCL1, $

NOP

NOP

CLR SCL1

JB SCL1, $

NOP

NOP

DJNZ R2, HERE7

RET

;

**********************************************************************

*

IN: CLR A

CLR C

SETB SDA1

MOV R2, #08H

HERE8:

SETB SCL1

JNB SCL1, $

NOP

MOV C, SDA1

CLR SCL

RLC A

DJNZ R2, HERE8

RET

;

**********************************************************************

*

COMPARE:



46

MOV A, BYTES

CJNE A, BYTE, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+1

CJNE A, BYTE+1, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+2

CJNE A, BYTE+2, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+3

CJNE A, BYTE+3, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+4

CJNE A, BYTE+4, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+5

CJNE A, BYTE+5, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+6

CJNE A, BYTE+6, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+7

CJNE A, BYTE+7, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+8

CJNE A, BYTE+8, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+9

CJNE A, BYTE+9, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+10

CJNE A, BYTE+10, FGG

MOV A, BYTES+11

CJNE A, BYTE+11, FGG

SETB MAS

FGG: RET



47

;

**********************************************************************

*

DISPLAY:

MOV DPTR,#MSAG2

CALL LCD_MSG

RET

MSAG2:

DB 1H,80H,'Master Card',0C0H,'Detected...',00H

;**********************************************************************

DISPLAY1:

MOV DPTR, #MSAG3

CALL LCD_MSG

RET

MSAG3:

DB 1H,80H,'Press Enter...',0C0H,'*** ADD TAG ***',00H

;**********************************************************************

DISPLAY2:

MOV DPTR,#MSAG4

CALL LCD_MSG

RET

MSAG4:

DB 1H,80H,'Press Enter...',0C1H,'** EDIT TAG **',00H

;**********************************************************************

DISPLAY3:

MOV DPTR,#MSAG5

CALL LCD_MSG

RET



48

MSAG5:

DB 1H,80H,'Please show the',0C3H,'** TAG **',00H

;**********************************************************************

DISPLAY4:

MOV DPTR,#MSAG6

CALL LCD_MSG

RET

MSAG6:

DB 1H,0FH,80H,'Plz enter Name',0C0H,00H

;**********************************************************************

PRESS_ENTER:

MOV DPTR,#MSG11

CALL LCD_MSG

RET

MSG11:

DB 1H,82H,'Press Enter',0C4H,'to Save',00H

;*********************************************************************

ID_SAVED:

MOV DPTR,#MSG12

CALL LCD_MSG

RET

MSG12:

DB 1H,83H,'TAG Saved',0C2H,'Sucessfully',00H

;*********************************************************************

CARD_ERROR:

MOV DPTR,#MSG14

CALL LCD_MSG



49

RET

MSG14:

DB 1H,84H,'Card Not',0C3H,'Programmed',00H

;*********************************************************************

DELETE_PGM:

CALL READ_TOTAL

MOV TEMPS, TOTAL

SETB UP

SETB DOWN

SETB ENTER

SETB CANCEL

MOV R5, TEMPS

CJNE, R5, #00H, EDT0

CALL NO_CARD

CALL DELAYS

JMP REP1

EDT0:

MOV R7, TEMPS

CALL GET_ADDRESS

MOV A, R7

ADD A, #12

MOV R1, #ROLLNOS

MOV R4, A

MOV R6, #2

AJMP EDIT

EDIT: CALL READ_EEPROM



50

CALL DISPLAY5

CALL DISPLAY_ROLLNO

EDIT7:JNB UP, GBN2

JNB CANCEL, VFR3

JNB DOWN, GBN1

JNB ENTER, EDIT_NAME

AJMP EDIT7

VFR3: CALL DELAY

JNB CANCEL, $

JMP REP1

GBN2:JNB UP, $

MOV A, TEMPS

CJNE A, #01H, VFR2

MOV TEMPS, TOTAL

JMP EDT0

VFR2: DEC TEMPS

JMP EDT0

VFR1: INC TEMPS

JMP EDT0

GBN1: JNB DOWN, $

MOV A, TEMPS



51

XRL A, TOTAL

JNZ VFR1

MOV TEMPS, #01H

JMP EDT0

;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

EDIT_NAME:

JNB ENTER, $

AJMP EDIT_NAM

EDIT_NAM: NOP

LAOP1: CALL DISPLAY4 ;plz enter roll no

MOV TEMP, #00H

CALL CLEAR_RAM

EADC:CALL LOOPZ

INC TEMP

MOV R2, TEMP

CJNE R2, #01H, EADC1

MOV R1, #ROLLNOS

MOV @R1, KB_DATA

EADC1: CJNE R2, #02H, EADC

MOV R1, #ROLLNOS+1

MOV @R1, KB_DATA

CALL DELAYS

CALL PRESS_ENTER

SETB ENTER



52

SETB CANCEL

HHJS: JNB CANCEL, LAOP1

JB ENTER, HHJS

MOV A, TEMPS

MOV R7, A

CALL GET_ADDRESS

MOV A, R7

ADD A, #12

MOV R1, #ROLLNOS

MOV R4, A

MOV R6, #2

CALL STORE_EEPROM

CALL ID_SAVED

CALL DELAYS

JNB ENTER, $

JMP DELETE_PGM

LOOPZ: CALL GET_KEY

JNB ENTER, GAHBH

JNB CANCEL, DCFAV1

JNC LOOPZ

MOV R4, KB_DATA

CALL WRTDATA

RET

GAHBH: JNB ENTER, $

MOV TEMP, #02



53

RET

DCFAV1: JNB CANCEL, $

POP ACC

JMP DELETE_PGM

;

**********************************************************************

*****

CLEAR_RAM:

MOV ROLLNOS, #0FFH

MOV ROLLNOS+1, #0FFH

RET

;

**********************************************************************

*****

GET_ADDRESS:

PUSH ACC

MOV A, R7

MOV B, #10

MUL AB

MOV R7, A

POP ACC

RET

;

**********************************************************************

****

MDELAY:

PUSH ACC

MOV A,#0A6H

MD_OLP:



54

INC A

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

JNZ MD_OLP

NOP

POP ACC

RET

MADELAY:

PUSH ACC

MOV A,#036H

MAD_OLP:

INC A

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

NOP

JNZ MAD_OLP



55

NOP

POP ACC

RET

;

**********************************************************************

****

WRITE_TOTAL:

MOV A,#WTCMD ;LOAD WRITE COMMAND

CALL OUTS ;SEND IT

MOV A,#05H ;GET BYTE ADDRESS

CALL OUT ;SEND IT

MOV A,TOTAL ;GET DATA

CALL OUT ;SEND IT

CALL STOP ;SEND STOP CONDITION

CALL MDELAY

RET

;

**********************************************************************

****

DISP_ROLLNO:

MOV R4, ROLLNOS

CJNE R4, #0FFH, FV1

RET

FV1: CALL DATAWRT

CALL MDELAY

MOV R4, ROLLNOS+1

CJNE R4, #0FFH, FV2

RET

FV2: CALL DATAWRT



56

CALL MDELAY

RET

;

*************************************************************************

TRANSMIT_DATA:

MOV SBUF,#'@'

CALL MDELAY

MOV R3,DATE1

CALL SPLIT_DATAS

MOV R3,MONTH

CALL SPLIT_DATAS

MOV R3,YEAR

CALL SPLIT_DATAS

MOV R3,DAY

CALL SPLIT_DATAS

MOV A,HRS

ANL A,#00011111B

MOV R3,A

CALL SPLIT_DATAS

MOV R3,MINS

CALL SPLIT_DATAS

MOV R3,SECS

CALL SPLIT_DATAS

JNB AM,DFV2

MOV SBUF,#'A'

AJMP DFV1



57

DFV2: MOV SBUF,#'P'

DEV1: CALL MDELAY

MOV SBUF, #'#'

CALL MDELAY

MOV R3, ROLLNOS

CALL MDELAYX

MOV R3, ROLLNOS+1

CALL MDELAYX

MOV R3,#0CCH

CALL MDELAYX

MOV SBUF,#'$'

CALL MDELAY

RET

SPLIT_DATAS:

MOV A,R3

ANL A,#0F0H

SWAP A

ADD A,#30H

MOV SBUF,A

CALL MDELAY

MOV A,R3

ANL A,#0FH

ADD A,#30H

MOV SBUF,A

CALL MDELAY

RET

MDELAYX:



58

CJNE R3,#0FFH,WSE

RET

WSE: MOV SBUF,R3

CALL MDELAY

RET



59

CHAPTER 5

PCB

5.1 PCB FABRICATION

PCB Preparation

You need to generate a positive (copper black) UV translucent artwork film.

You will never get a good board without good artwork, so it is important thing to get a

clear sharp image with a very solid opaque black. Artwork is drawn using PCB Wizard

software. While designing immense care must be taken to minimize jumpers. It is

absolutely essential that your PCB software prints holes in the middle of pads, which

will act as center marks when drilling. It is virtually impossible to accurately hand-drill

boards without these holes. The artwork must be printed such that the printed side is in

contact with the PCB surface when exposing, to avoid blurred edges. In practice, this

means that if you design the board as seen from the component side, the bottom (solder

side) layer should be printed mirrored.

Etching

Ferric Chloride etchant is a messy stuff, but easily available and cheaper than

most alternatives. It attacks any metal including stainless steel. So when setting up a

PCB etching area, use a plastic or ceramic sink, with plastic fittings and screws

wherever possible, and seal any metal screws with silicon. Use hex hydrate type of

ferric chloride, which should be dissolved in warm water until saturation. Adding a

teaspoon of table salt helps to make the etchant clearer for easier inspection. Always

take extreme care to avoid splashing when dissolving ferric chloride, as it trends toclump together and you often get big chunks coming out of the container and splashing

into the solution. It can damage your eyes and permanently stain clothing.

Drilling

For Fibreglass (FR4) board, you must use tungsten carbide drill bits. Carbide

drill bits are expensive and the thin ones snap very easily. When using carbide drill bits

below 1mm, you must use a good vertical drill stand to avoid frequent breaking.

Carbide drill bits are available as straight- shank or thick (sometimes called turbo)



60

shank. In straight-Shank, the whole bits is the diameter of the hole, and in thick shank, a

standard- size shank tapers down to hole size. The straight-shank drills are usually

preferred because they break less easily and are usually cheaper. The longer thin section

provides more flexibility.

Small drills for PCB use usually come with either set of collets of various size

or a 3-jaw chunk. For accuracy however, 3-jaw chunks are not brilliant, and small drill

sizes below 1mm quickly form grooves in the jaws, preventing good grip. You need a

good strong light on the board when drilling, to ensure accuracy.



61

5.2 PCB & COMPONENT LAYOUT

Fig 5.2 (a) PCB layout of the circuit.



62

Fig 5.2 (b) Component layout of the transmitter circuit

POWER SUPPLY



63

Fig 5.2 (c) PCB layout of the power supply

Fig 5.2 (d) Component layout of power supply

5.3 SOLDERING

Soldering is the joining together of two metals to give physical bonding and

good electrical conductivity. It is used primarily in electrical and electronic circuitry.

Solder is a combination of metals, which are solid at normal room temperature and

becomes liquid at between 180o C and 200oC. Solder bonds well to various metals, and

extremely well to copper. Soldering is the primary way how electronics components are

connected to circuit boards, wires and sometimes directly to other components.

To solder you need a soldering iron. A modem basic electrical soldering iron

consists of a heating element, a soldering bit (often called tip), a handle and a power

cord. The heating element can either be a resistance wire wound around a ceramic tube

or a thick film resistance element printed on to a ceramic base. The element is then

insulated and placed into a metal tube for strength and protection. This is then thermally

insulated from the handle. The heating element of the soldering iron usually reaches the

temperatures around 370 to 400 °C (higher than required to melt the solder). The

soldering bit is a specially shaped piece of copper plated with iron and then with

chrome or iron. The tip planting makes it very resistant to aggressive solders and fluxes.



64

The strength of a soldering iron is usually expressed in Watts. Irons used in

electronics are usually of the range 12 to 25 Watts. For advanced soldering work you

will need soldering iron with temperature control.

You need to be careful in soldering because most of the electronic components

are fragile and heat sensitive. Usually the biggest concern is heat. Low enough

soldering temperature and short enough soldering time will keep the components in

good shape. Prolonged exposure to heat may heat up the inside of the component and

damage it permanently.

Currently the best commonly available solder alloy is eutectic solder (63% lead

and 37% tin). It has the character of being in both solid and liquid state at the same

temperature. Flux is vital in good solder. It is an aggressive chemical that removes

oxides and impurities from the parts to be soldered.

Always wash your hand prior to eating , drinking or going to bathroom after

soldering. When you solder tiny balls of soldering tin will get on your hands and they

need to be washed off before it gets to your body. Also do not keep food near soldering

works since there is a chance of small bubbles of soldering tin flying from the tip of the

soldering iron.



65

CHAPTER 6

ESTIMATE

COMPONENT QUANTITY PRICEMICROCONTROLLER 1 50.00

DS1307 1 25.00

AT245C08 1 10.00

16*2 LCD MODULE 1 108.00

MAX232 1 13.00

4*3 KEYPAD 1 100.00

RS232 CONNECTOR 1 5.00

RFID RECIVER MODULE 1 1200.00CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

RFID TAGSPOTENTIMETER 3V BUTTON CELL

SWITCHES

3

511

4

30.00

100.005.0010.00

20.00

VOLTAGE REGULATOR 2 24.00

DIODES 3 6.00

RESISTORS 16 3.00

CAPACITORS 12 30.00PCB PREPARATION 2 250.00



66

LED 4 4.00

MISCELLANEOUS 23.00

TOTAL 2016.00

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

The presented project is a microcontroller based attendance system using RFID

module. The system can be used to register attendance in classes, industries etc.

although the RFID module costs a little, we can economically implement this in a large

scale. As an emerging technology this can effectively reduce much of our difficulties in

logging system and security system.

Advantages

1. Easier method of registering attendance.

2. Better facility for storage and archiving.

3. More reliable and efficient.

4. Multiple functions can be done, like attendance, data logging, security etc.

5. Components are easily available.



67

Disadvantages

1. RFID receiver has a very short range; tag has to in 15 cm distance of the

receiver

2. RFID reviver module is a little costly if we have to do it in small scale

3. Storage capacity of the EEPROM is limited, but we can easily improve this.

REFERENCES

1. The 8051 Microcontroller And Embedded Systems-

Muhammad Ali Mazidi

2. Op-Amps&Linear Integrated Circuits-Ramakant A

Gayakwad

3. www.8051projects.info

4. www.8051projects.net

5. www.alldatasheet.com

6. www.atmel.com

http://www.8051projects.info/

http://www.8051projects.net/

http://www.alldatasheet.com/

http://www.8051projects.info/

http://www.8051projects.net/

http://www.alldatasheet.com/



68

DATASHEETS

1.89S51



69



70



71

2. DS 1307



72



73



74



75



76



77



78



79



80

3. AT 24C08



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Documents

Attendance Using RFID2