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8/3/2019 Attitudes & Values
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Attitudes & Values
Presented By:
Prof. N.K. Sahni
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An attitude can be defined as a persistenttendency to feel behave in a particular waytoward some object.
An attitude may also defined as the way aperson feels about something a person, aplace, a commodity, a situation or an idea.
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According to G.W. Allport, Attitude is a
mental & neutral state of readiness,organized through experience.
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Nature of attitudes.
Attitudes refers to feelings & beliefs of individuals
The feelings & beliefs are directed towards otherpeople objects or ideas.Attitudes often result in & affect the behavior or
action of the people.Attitudes constitute a psychological phenomenon.Attitudes are gradually acquired over a period oftime.
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Contd.
Attitudes are evaluative statements either favorableor unfavorable.All people, irrespective of their status & intelligence
hold attitude.
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Components of
attitudes1) Informational or cognitive component :
it consists of beliefs, values, ideas & other
information a person has about the object.2) Emotional or Affective component: it
involves the persons feeling or affect-positive, negative about an object. Eg: I like
this job because the future prospects inthis company are very good3) Behavioral component: it consists of the
tendency of a person to behave in a
particular manner towards an object
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Relation of attitudewith other aspects
Attitude & opinion: opinions are expressions ofattitudes. Attitudes tend to be generalized to react insome way towards objects or concepts.Attitude & belief: belief reveals what one supposes
to be trueAttitude & values: the values of an individualgenerally reveal the moral side of his nature. Valuesare one of the determinants of ones attitude. Eg:
Honesty is the best policy.
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Sources of attitudes
Direct personal experienceAssociation
Family & peer groupsNeighborhoodEconomic status & occupationsMass communications
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So where to start
attitude at work place
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Types of attitudes at work
placeJob satisfaction
Job involvementOrganizational commitment
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Functions of attitudes
1. The adjustment function : attitudes often helppeople adjust to their environment.
2. The ego defensive function: people often form& maintain certain attitudes to protect their ownself images.
3. The value expressive function: attitudesprovide people with a basis for expressing their
values. Our value expressive attitude are closelyrelated to our self concept.
4. The knowledge function: attitudes are oftensubstituted for knowledge. Attitudes help supplystandards & frames of reference that allow people
to organize & explain the world around them.
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Values
According to Milton Rokeach, anoted psychologist Valuesare global beliefs that guide
actions & judgements across avariety of situations .
Values are generally, tingedwith moral flavor & they
contain judgemental element,involving an individuals idea
as to what is right, good,desirable.
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Characteristics of
valuesValues provide standards of competence &morality.Values are fewer in number than attitudesValues transcend specific objects, situationsor persons
Values are relatively permanent & resistantto changeValues are most central to the core of aperson
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Types of values
Terminal values: this type of value is an ultimate goalin a desired status or outcome. These lead to the endsto be achieved. Eg:i. Comfortable lifeii. Sense of accomplishmentiii. Family securityiv. Mature lovev. Self respect
vi. Freedomvii. Social recognitionviii. Happinessix. Inner harmony
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Contd
Instrumental values: these values relate to meansfor achieving desired ends. It is a tool for acquiring aterminal value. Eg:
i. Ambitiousii. Broad mindediii. Capableiv. Cheerfulv. Forgivingvi. Honestvii. Imaginativeviii. Intellectualix. Logical
x. Independentxi. lovin
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G.W.Allport, P.E. Vernon & G.Lindzey categorized values into
six major types:TheoreticalEconomic
AestheticSocialPoliticalReligious
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Sources of Values
Family factorSocial factorsPersonal factorsCultural factorsReligious factorsLife experiencesRole demands
Halo effect
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Thank you