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Estimate of 70% of analogue holdings never becoming digital; other information on cost-effective digitisation, digital preservation and a 4-part mantra for access: granularity, navigation, citation and annotation.
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PrestoPrime: Digital Preservation of Audiovisual Materials
Richard Wright, Preservation Guide, London UK
Introduction
• Catalonia• Barcelona• TV2• Sra Alicia Conesa
Girona
• Museo del Cinema• Museum of Jewish History• The city itself !• History, preservation,
restoration, use of information, use of archives, use of audiovisual content ...
Girona
Overview of my Presentation
• The continuing problem for archived film, video and audio content: how to preserve the content that still sits on our shelves.
• The solution is (mainly) digitisation• Then – the problems with the solution:
– Digital content CAN be maintained– Digital content IS affordable– Tools and information from PrestoSPACE (and
elsewhere)
The Problem
• Large amounts of audiovisual content in formal collections: TAPE: 20 million hours
• Presto: 50 million hours in Europe• UNESCO: 200 million hours worldwide• Presto (2001): 70% at risk
– Obsolescence, decay, damage• The solution is digitisation (except film?)
– But time is running out– And resources are inadequate
What will happen to content now sitting on shelves
www.tape-online.net/survey.html
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DigitalDigitisedAnalogue
Digitise or disappear !
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DigitalDigitisedAnalogue
Obsolete formats become unplayable, so can’t be counted
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DigitalDigitisedAnalogue
Summary
In 2036, 45% of 2006 holdings will be digitised, if digitisation continues at 1.5% per year.
Saving 7.2 million hours of digitised pre-2006 content; the other 8.8 million will be lost.
The loss won’t be noticed (by some) because of 28.8 million hours of new digital content, from post 2006.
My prediction: 1% digitisation, not 1.5%
Austerity digitisation(1% per anum)
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DigitalDigitisedAnalogue
Again, analogue disappears
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DigitalDigitisedAnalogue
Summary
• My prediction: digitisation at 1% per year, because of loss of funding since 2008
• If digitisation proceeds at 1%, not 1.5%, then 4.8 million hours will be saved, 15.2 million hours lost (out of the TAPE 16 million hours)
• For the global picture, just multiply by 10.
Film is exceptional !
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DigitalDigitisedAnalogue audio videoFilm
Before PrestoSPACE
• Presto: efficient mass digitisation:– The Preservation Factory (for broadcast archives)
• PrestoPrime: making information from broadcdast archives available to all– Better, Faster AND Cheaper digitisation– Wiki: Preservation Guidehttp://wiki.prestospace.org
Storage: Managing Migration
• Digital Preservation has a lot of technology and proposed technology:
OAIS
PrestoPRIME mapping
• Metadata mapping tools for common sets of audiovisual metadata: – Dublin Core– MPEG-7 – Europeana Data Model – FESAD – W3C MA – EBU Core
• http://prestoprime.joanneum.at/
Preserving Files
• What are the problems?– Obsolescence of file formats
• Encodings, wrappers
– Obsolescence of storage technology• Hard discs last about 3 to 5 years• Data tape: new generation every 2 years
– Cost:• Academy of Motion Pictures (AMPAS) Digital Dilemma• Swedish National Library (J Palm) Digital Black Hole
Preserving Files
• What are the solutions?• Formats: PrestoSPACE model for format and
encoding management• Storage: living with permanent migration• Cost: exaggerated; digital is cheaper (for
audiovisual content)
Formats: PrestoSPACE Roadmap
Is the format a problem?
START HERE
Archive for a few years
What cost/quality/risk option can you affordCompress
lossy
YESNO
UncompressCompress lossless
END HERE
(1)
(2)
(3) (4)
(5a)(5b)
(5c)
... with emulation
Is the format at risk?
START HERE
Archive for a few years
What cost/quality/risk can
you afford?Compress
lossy
YESNO
UncompressCompress lossless
END HEREMultivalent
PrestoPRIME Preservation Model
http://prestoprime.it-innovation.soton.ac.uk/
Cost
• PrestoSPACE online tools for comparing estimated costs of various storage systems and combinations of storage systems
• For example: – What’s the difference – in cost and risk – between
two copies on disc, or one copy on disc and one copy on tape?
– What does it cost and what is the risk reduction, if file checking is done every six months instead of once per year?
Cost models and tools
• Digital Preservation Tools from IT Innovationhttp://prestoprime.it-innovation.soton.ac.uk/ • Modelling long-term retention and access
– Storage planning– Simulation of storage systems over time
• Web service control of storage• Service monitoring and management
Other PrestoSPACE technology
• A full digital repository following OAIS• Quality control: analysis of video for
‘disruptions’• Management of user-generated metadata• A formal language for rights description – with
software for rights management automation• Getting audiovisual content into Europeana
Access: four technical requirements
• Granularity• Navigation• Reference / Citation• Annotation
Granularity - division into meaningful units
• Keyframes• Other methods to represent video
• and audio:
Navigation
• "Click and play" on visual representation of the meaningful units
Reference and Citation
• the core requirement for scholarly discourse– along with a major change in attitude!
• Needs a permanent place for “things to be”– Hence the need for stable audiovisual collections
“Hamlet, for example, is comparable to Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum.[citation needed] King Lear is based on King Leir in Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth, retold in 1587 by Raphael Holinshed.[citation needed] “
wikipedia
Annotation
• the core requirement for social web = interactivity
• individual interacts with content
• individuals interact with other individuals
Access
Digital objects can walk through walls (and violate most other laws of physics)
Unless access is denied – interfering with a miracle!
For More Information
PrestoSPACE: www.prestospace.eu PrestoCentre: www.prestocentre.eu
Slides: www.slideshare.net/Richard19461/ or write to me:[email protected]
Thank you