Webinar

Audit your energy useand identify savings

Host Andrew Leahy

PresenterBrendan Reid

www.resourceefficientscotland.com/content/webinar-assessing-your-buildings-energy-efficiency

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@resourcescot

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Webinar aim

• Learn how to understand and assessyour current energy use

• Understand how to identify waysto improve energy efficiency

• Get free advice by asking questions in a live Q&A session

Quick refresh

• Energy consumption (kWh)= Power (kW) x time (h)

1 kWh = 1 unit on a utility bill

Quick refresh

• Power (kW) = Volts (230V) x Current (Amps) / 1000

Quick refresh

• For equipment that operates with variable power we can add a duty factor between 0 and 1.

• Example Energy consumption (kWh)= Power (kW) x time (h) x Duty Factor

Quick refresh

• Energy consumption= Volts (230V) x Current (0.65) x 8 hours / 1000

• Energy consumption= 1.2kWh x Duty Factor (say 0.7 for a busy office and 0.1 for a small or quiet office )

Before you startyour audit

Some things to consider:

*** Health and Safety ***

• Collect data (bills, floor plans, previous audits)

• Timing: regular hours or out of hours?

• Prior communication with staff or blind audit?

• Basic Equipment (clipboard, pen, calculator, tape measure)

Benchmarks

• Energy use per square meter (TM46)

- Typical

- Best practice

- Energy use per unit of output

- kWh per widget

- kWh per kg of product

Equipment

• Lux meter

• Infrared thermometer

• Clamp meter

• Portable kWh meter

• Thermal camera

• CO2 detector

Activity analysis

New guide and checklist

www.resourceefficientscotland.com/resource/how-conduct-energy-audit-implementation-guide

www.resourceefficientscotland.com/resource/energy-audit-checklist

A virtual audit

What issues can you spot in the next photograph?

A

Did you spot…

- Lighting layout – lights not aligned with aisles so relatively poor lux levels in aisles (For storage areas you only need 100 –150 Lux so use a light meter to see if still adequate)

- Lighting condition and age – Are reflectors still shiny? Are lighting protectors fouled by dirt/insects?

- Lighting type & controls – lights look like they might be older fluorescent fittings.

- Pallet based storage – fork lift access will be required. Any lighting controls introduced will have to be good enough to satisfy H+S concerns

Opportunities

- Move to modern fittings such as T5 fluorescent or LED and consider whether presence controls would be appropriate. What are the H+S implications of a person lifting a box down (say on a small ladder) and lights go out? Microwave or PIR options.

– Next time aisles are re-positioned see if they can be laid out in sync with lighting plan. Or consider re-doing lighting layout if lux levels are not sufficient. The quick way is adding fittings but there might be a better design which offers an energy reduction too.

What issues can you spot in the next photograph?

B

Did you spot…

- There are 4 sources of lighting – natural lighting from the side and roof plus fluorescent lighting suspended and 2 high level fittings.

- The lighting scheme doesn’t look well designed

- Make more use of natural light on LHS – maybe work bench below it rather than on far side?

- Dirty roof lights

Opportunities

- Check lux levels - What are the activities and what lux levels do they require? (100-150 lux for storage, 300-350 for office type work, up to 500 for close inspection or quality checking. Now check what lux levels are there – check at night when ambient light is negligible so that you are testing the lux levels provided by your artificial light.

- Check activity hours - How many hours per year is the space used?

- How much could we save if lighting could be kept switched off for ¾ of the summer hours?- How much could we save if lighting could be kept switched off for ½ of the winter hours?

- Clean roof-lights

- Fit dimmable controls -(older fittings are not likely to be dimmable)

- Re-arrange layout to make use of natural light

H

Did you spot…

- Is lighting on 24/7?

- Cooling provided via AHU in the ceiling

- Is air flow sensible within / between racks? - Two different

types/sizes of racks here. Large server rooms are arranged with a hot aisle

and a cold aisle (equipment blows hot air in one direction)

- Is cooling required elsewhere in the building or is a large chiller operating only for this server room?

- What is temperature setting for server room? Google tested failure rates of CPUs and disk drives to be the same at 19 degrees as 30 degrees, above that it increases marginally.

Opportunities

- Check server cooling set point and agree company policy increase to 25 degrees C.

- Check need for wider chilling system

C

Did you spot…

- Person working in dark in far corner (research studies have linked good lighting and good productivity)

- Blinds open on winter day (heat loss)

- Screens on – leave a sweet (with no explanation) on the desk of those routinely switch off with no explanation - people who don’t get one want to know why!

Opportunities

- Change lighting to LED and control lighting beside windows with dimming control

- Introduce better switching or presence control scheme

- Encourage staff behaviour change

- Label light switches well

- Re-wire lighting to match use patterns.

- Control thermostat and thermometer up on central wall. This is good in that the thermostat is not near direct sunlight or draughts but thermometer on the wall may indicate previous problems or good management!

- No sign of ventilation – unusual for deep plan office (natural ventilation doesn’t work in >8m deep offices).

What issues can you spot in the next photograph?

F

Did you spot…

- Heating pump has timer clock on it - Why? An integrated boiler and heating pump controller might be better?

- Heating pump timer is on from 7am to 6pm and then for half an hour at 8pm, 10pm, 1am, 2am, 4am - Why? Sometimes overnight operation is needed for process or frost protection but is this being operated year round?

- Set point for Honeywell controller is 70 degrees C – quite hot! Or is it Fahrenheit?

Opportunities

- Thermostats can cause excess energy use. On cold mornings, people will turn them up and forget to turn them down. Consider controlling settings (nominated person) or fitting tamperproof controls (or dummy thermostats).

- Heating controllers now offer remote control (smartphone app NEST/HIVE for home use).

- A standard option is a 7 day programmable OPTIMISED CONTROLLER which includes an outside air temperature sensor and will switch on early on cold mornings and maybe not at all in warm weather

J

Did you spot…

- Unsafe to stack paper against a heater!

- Heater does not operate as designed

- Heater controls open – has someone been trying to get more heat? Has someone switched off?

What issues can you spot in the next photograph?

K

Did you spot…

- Two high level comfort AC units. On/off switch and controls are out of reach – quite likely to be set wrong.

- Two low level radiators which may or may not have TRVs

- Large glazed area with openable windows

- Big risk of separate heating and cooling systems working against each other.

- Open ceiling provides large ceiling void

Opportunities

- Establish settings record for heating and cooling system with 4 degree C dead band between two

- Consider false ceiling to reduce heating costs

- Consider disabling cooling system in cold (winter) and temperate (late spring, early autumn) periods

What issues can you spot in the next photograph?

L

Did you spot…

- Two similar lines – can we check performance per kg of product and compare?

- Lots of motors and drives - Do you have a motor replacement policy? Are you replacing high capacity factor motors with EFF1 (high efficiency)

- What fuel is used for the ovens? Electricity (10-12p/kWh) or gas (3-4p/kWh)?

- What are the temperatures of the oven cladding?

- What temperature are oven flues operating at? Do we need low temperature hot water (cleaning racks or baskets) or warmed air (input to combustion air?)

- What are operational times? Are there big gaps between product runs? Does the line still operate at full temperature? What are the warm up and warm down times? Would it be more efficient to keep line running at low fire on a Sunday or do full shut down on Sat PM?

- Do the operators know the £/hr to operate the line?

- What temperatures are there at high levels? Is there space adjacent which needs warm air?

Opportunities

- Gather data for discussion with engineers

Screening your opportunities

4 to 5 for more investigation

20 to 30 opportunities identified

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? ??

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After the audit

Gather more data

Discuss with supplier

Supplier quote

Prepare ITT

Independent advice

Discuss with consultant

Feasibility study (e.g. Resource Efficient Scotland)

Group projects into no or low cost / investment projects

Discuss internally

Apply for budget (internal)

Look for external funding (e.g. Resource Efficient Scotland loan

Seek external funding

How much CO2?

• Rule of thumb:

£100Saved on oil, gas

or electricity

500kg of CO2

0.5t of CO2

or~

Questions?

@resourcescot

#RESWebinar

We’ve helped over

1,500 SMEs find ways of making resource savings

On energy alone, the average cost saving identified is over

£19,000

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- Hampden Park, Glasgow, 3rd November, 10:00-16:00

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