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Auditing for Continuous Process Improvements
By Raeann Hofkin, CPPPA Statewide Conference
September 2013
Raeann Hofkin, CPPBiography: American Payroll Association
2012 Special Recognition Award Recipient Current Vice President Cordova First National Chapter
Online Study Group Facilitator, since 2001 Contributing Author Workforce Asset Management Book of
Knowledge, Wiley Publisher 2013 Contributing Author Controller’s Report Monthly Newsletter Authored the Quick Reference to Payroll Compliance, 2010
and 2011 editions Pennsylvania Payroll Professional Award Winner - 2010 Southeastern PA Chapter President 2005-2008 Meritorious Service Award Winner 2008 Donald W. Sharper Education Grant Winner – 2006 & 2013 Certified Payroll Professional since 1999
27+ years payroll/HR experience Payroll management concentrated in pharmaceuticals,
healthcare, manufacturing, customer service call centers, and the academia industries both domestic and international.
Agenda
Don’t believe everything you hear Not hearing anything, doesn’t mean there is
nothing wrong. Just because its always been done that way,
doesn’t mean it’s being done correctly. Don’t assume anything. The quality of your answers are directly
dependent on the quality of your questions. Interactive – I don’t all have the answers to
everything, we all have different experiences, and we can all learn something from everyone.
Primary Purpose Ensure compliance with company
policies and procedures. Ensure enforcement of company
policies. Ensure compliance with Federal, State,
and Local laws. Review procedures for areas of
improvements; Automation Elimination
General Observations
The overall pay structures are complex which contributes to inefficiencies• In calculating payroll and,• Errors in employee’s pay.
The payroll process is affected by several departments, locations, and functions within the company including the HR, Benefits, Payroll and Time and Attendance, etc.
Terminology/Communication
Discussion Points
Significant inefficiencies Multiple errors require much labor to
correct Delay in relevant information
Non integration
Complex Payroll Structure
Types of employees Payment Schedules Amount of Earnings Codes, Deduction
Codes, Memo Codes, Codes in general Union Contracts Special Calculations (some manual) Attendance/PTO policies Bonus Pays Compliance constantly changing
Benefits of Reducing Complexity
Reduction in errors Decrease in time spent calculating
retroactive pays or collecting overpayments
Saves payroll labor dollars Reduction of special calculations Standardization Increase accuracy Eliminate manual processes
Technological Limitations
System limitations Lack of technology Old technology
Not in the budget to upgrade Misuse of technology
Not using all features Not aware of all features Lack of formal training
Not available Not in the budget Technical manual
Self inflicted limitations Lack of integration between two systems Manual workarounds/input
Lack of Payroll Process
Staff limitations Missing information Convoluted pay structure Lack of formal training
Self taught Not available Not in the budget Manual to technical Not supported by vendor
Attitude “Always been done this way” “Things will never change”
Potential Roadblocks
Requires human and financial resources Time and effort investment Past history to measure future success Lack of strategic direction Environmental and/or economical considerations “That’s the way it was always done”
If no one knows why something is done a certain way, then figure out what is done and work backwards.
Take good notes Communication – Banana Theory Exercise
Challenges
Unions Upper Management Lack of Budget Human capital
Lack of resources Technology (or lack of it) Employee push back Lack of motivated employees Ongoing Training Ongoing maintenance
Solutions
Prepare a list general goals for each category Input Output Reports
What do you do well? What needs improvement?
Start here
General Goals
Analyze activities, processes, and procedures
Analyze the interpretation of company policies Analyze the enforcement of company policies May involve discussions with various employees/depts.
Improve productivity Improve efficiency Ensure compliance Increase accuracy
Specific Goals
Compliance Ensure accuracy of paychecks Eliminate off cycle checks, adjustments,
overpayments, etc. Automation Ensure calculations & deductions are
working correctly. Payroll transactions accurately reflected
in GL
Comprehensive Review
All payroll processes Input Output Reports• Goal is to simplifying the process • Ensure they add value • Maintain a strong commitment to
quality and customer service Eliminate what doesn’t work
Input
Process for input Manual Automated
Audit input Garbage in, garbage out, catch errors
before processing payroll Rejected errors – find out why
Get to the root of the problem
Output
Error rates Multiple sources Corrections may involve many people in
various departments Get to the root of the problem
Ultimately payroll/HR is responsible to fix errors
Investigate adjustments/exceptions Reconciliations
Addressing Root Cause
Hold employees accountable for deadlines and lack of attention.
Exceptions quickly turn into standard process Payroll constantly in ‘reactive’ mode rather than
proactive mode Provide guidance/setting policy Create off cycle/Adjustment policy Training repeat offenders
Recommendations
Determine underlying mission of Payroll. Core and non-core activities
Reduce the complexity of the pay structure. May need to negotiate with unions
Improve processes to Reduces error rate, which Reduces number of employee inquiries
Automate where possible Formal Training on current systems Eliminate what’s not necessary
Specific Recommendations
Communicate any new or updated company policies.
Website, emails, newsletters, and training
Standardization of guidelines and policies for all departments, locations, divisions, regions.
New hires, terms, adjustments, deadlines, timesheets, etc.
Develop/Enhance training New hires, approvers, managers, policy enforcers
Action Items
Enhance workflow between departments Reduce duplicate entries
Hold employees accountable Time and attendance entries Deadlines
Create better documentation for key functions
Identify most troublesome error/issue for YOUR payroll.
Action Items – Cont’d
Communicate project purpose and value throughout the department. Ensure buy in
Direct reports Senior Management
Develop/Determine your budget Zero? – low lying fruit Unlimited – possible outside consultant
Develop request for proposal
Gather all forms used in payroll processes
Action Items – Cont’d
Develop Strategy to integrate payroll, benefits, HR, and time and attendance. Information technology plan Educate Senior Management of benefits
Define scope and objectives
Consider Employee Self Services and/or outsourcing selected payroll activities.
Improve Error rate
Develop method of tracking number of exceptions, adjustments, and errors
Set realistic improvement goals Establish grading scale to determine performance by
location. Friendly competition
Establish consequences for bad performers Carry through with consequences
Implement procedures to instill proactive initiative Get employees involved
Improve Error Rate – Cont’d
Create proactive troubleshooting communication that documents the causes for common errors. Allow employees to determine cause
and resolution of errors
Document Current Procedures
Take stock of current processes You need to know where you are
Visualize what you want the processes to look like
Map a plan to get there
Current Process
Payroll Process New Hire/Term/changes Monitoring time and attendance Calculating gross to net Distributing net pay Calculating and reporting retirement Collecting overpayments Vacation, sick, PTO accruals Disbursing withholdings
Taxes Garnishments Retirement
Mapping Process
Determine the scope Beware of scope creep Task plan
Identify current processes Visualize success
What does it look like to you? What does it look like to your boss?
Start asking probing question…. Break it down into categories, tasks,
procedures
Analyze Off Cycle Checks
Labor intensive & Time consuming Research & Analyze Calculate & review Processing correction Track down check signer
What is the root cause? Delays in paperwork – Why? New hires not input into system timely – Why? Timesheets not approved – Why? Data entry errors – Audit? Special Request – Bonus, late paperwork, etc.
Addressing Root Cause –of Off Cycle Checks
Payroll and HR work to address delays Processing terminations Missed deadlines
Holding employees accountable Realistic deadlines
New hire process Can paperwork be completed prior to start date?
Does the current processes conflict with payroll processing policies or compliance?
Communication!!!
Probing Questions - Overpayments
What is the procedure to process overpayments? How is this policy interpreted by direct reports? How is this policy enforced? Is the perception and enforcement correct? Is there a policy or guidance to collect overpayments? Is there a process in place to identify the root cause in order to address any
holes in the current policy? Do you address who is to notify payroll of the overpayment?
Most adjustments are not due to payroll errors When termed employee does make a repayment, do you have a
process in place to adjust the taxable earnings? Is the perception and enforcement correct? Does the repayment cross over years?
What is the process to adjust W2? Is there a process in place if overpayment can not be repaid? Is there a process to send the employee to collections?
What is the process for overpayment notifications that go unanswered?
Probing Questions Payroll Processes
Independent Contractors Don’t assume there aren’t any
Exempt Employees Correctly categorized?
Any home agents? Think state and local tax nightmare
Do you have hourly employees with more than one rate?
How is their OT computed? Are all exception payments authorized? Employees claiming exempt? Pay frequencies
Probing Questions Payroll Audit Process
What are your audit procedures? Who performs the audits? Does everyone interpret and perform the same
process? Does the employee understand why the audit is
performed “this way”? Is there a better way to perform the audits? Are the particular audits performed at the correct time?
What good does it do if the payroll is already processed?
Do you check taxable wages before finalizing payroll?
Probing Questions – Audit Processes Cont’d
Do you compare the final payroll to a previous payroll (sanity check). Are the numbers way off or pretty close?
Bonus pay would differ PTO sell back would differ 3rd pay of the month? First pay of the year? (tax changes,
unemployment taxes) Who reviews audit trails?
Ensuring person making change has the authority to make the changes.
Are the changes correct?
Probing Questions Payroll Reconciliations
What are your reconciliations procedures? Who performs the reconciliations? Does everyone interpret and perform the
same process? Does the employee understand why the
reconciliation is performed “this way”? Is there a better way to do it? What is the timing of the reconciliations?
Per pay, monthly, quarterly, yearly, some other timeframe?
Probing Questions - PTO
What is the process to request time off? Does everyone interpret and perform
the same process? Does the employee understand the
process? Is there a better way to do it?
Probing Questions - Reports
What reports are you providing to management?
Who gets these reports? Why are you providing these reports? Are you providing paper copies or
electronic files? How often are you providing the
reports?
Probing Questions Data Privacy
What is your process for ensuring data privacy of personal information?
Is the payroll system adequately protected from misuse or unauthorized access?
Do you have a data privacy policy? How do you process employee
verifications? Do you have a clean desk policy?
Probing Questions - Benefits
How are benefits deductions set up? Do they roll over or reset every year?
Are all the locations receiving standard benefits? What is the FMLA process and how is FMLA tracked? Pretax deductions correctly calculated? Are Holiday and PTO payments valid within
company policy and legislative requirements? What’s in the summary plan document?
What are the eligible wages? What is excluded from matching funds? Are retirement deductions accurately calculated, deducted,
and paid to the third party vendor correctly? Timely?
Probing QuestionsTime and Attendance
Do you allow rounding? When does the pay period start? End?
Day of the week Time of day
What is the payroll frequency? Does the punch in or punch out
determine what day the hours from that shift are reported?
Do you have a procedure for daylight savings?
Probing QuestionsTime and Attendance –
cont’d What are the standard shifts? What are the exceptions? Do you have a seniority system? Do you have an attendance points
system? Do you allow shift swapping? Do you have a mill turn? Do you have shift differential?
Probing Questions – Physical Payouts
What is your process for physical payouts? Who performs the physical payouts? Does everyone interpret and perform the
same process? Does the employee understand why the
physical payout is performed “this way”? Is there a better way to do it? What is the process if a ghost employee is
discovered? What is the timing for the physical payouts?
Yearly? Direct Deposit audit?
Probing Questions - Unions
What is in the contract? Who is in the union? What is the contract period? Does everyone interpret the contract the same?
What is the employees interpretation? What is the administration interpretation? How does payroll handle the unique requirements? How does the time and attendance handle the unique
requirements? Manual or automated? Any outliers?
Seniority? Breaks in service? Point system?
Probing Questions Year End
What is your process for recording the cost of healthcare on W2’s?
What is your process for identifying adjustments? Relocation Auto Allowance ESPP Imputed Income – GTL Stock Options
Probing QuestionsFirst Pay of the Year
How are deductions set up? Roll over or reset? Goals/limits
Do you have a process to notify employees claiming exempt on their W4? New form every Feb 15th
Process for updating tax requirements? Updating IRS tax levy amounts
Probing Questions - Miscellaneous
What other jobs/positions influence your position?
What policies are posted on the intranet? Are they up to date? Are they compliant?
What is the percentage of direct deposit users?
What makes up ‘regular’ wages? Do you have accruals?
How SHOULD they work? Are they working correctly?
Probing Questions - Miscellaneous
What earnings go into overtime? Just the premium portion?
What are the other special earnings codes? What is the procedure for rate increases?
Mass change once a year Anniversary dates
Beginning of pay period for retros or exact date? Uploaded or manual entry?
Is there a payroll check list?
Before Finalizing Payroll Check List
Employee receiving OT is eligible Authorized Based on pay grade level
Employees do not exceed their PTO balances Within company policy
Are all employees receiving a pay? If not, why?
Is anyone receiving more than one check? If so, why?
Before Finalizing Payroll Check List – Cont’d
Check retirement plan limits. Compare standard deductions to what
was taken. All union employees have union dues
deduction. Anyone not having any taxes withheld? Compare number of employees with
number of checks.
Before Finalizing Payroll Check List – Cont’d
Compare hours paid with hours pull from time and attendance.
Review any deductions being refunded.
Compare W2 management report each pay.
Ongoing Maintenance
Determine if the implemented improvements were successful. New reports needed? Different workflows Process changes
Keep Payroll Check List up to date Add any new audits Keep a log of unusual issues and what
was done to ensure it doesn’t happen again.