Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al. 1/Total WPn-Abrégé Impact of the...
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Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al. 1/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrégé Impact of the aerosol direct Impact of the aerosol direct radiative effect on the water radiative effect on the water cycle cycle http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/ ChArMEx-WP4 ChArMEx-WP4 LA, LISA, CNRM, LOA, LSCE, LAMP, LATMOS, ENEA, LA, LISA, CNRM, LOA, LSCE, LAMP, LATMOS, ENEA, LPC2E, LPCA, ICTP, Leibniz Inst., Univ. LPC2E, LPCA, ICTP, Leibniz Inst., Univ. Catalunya, Catalunya, Univ. of Granada, Univ. Istanbul Univ. of Granada, Univ. Istanbul MISTRALS-ChArMEx, ANR-ADRIMED, M-F, CNES & ADEME
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al. 1/Total WPn-Abrégé Impact of the aerosol direct radiative effect
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
1/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Impact of the aerosol
direct radiative effect on the water cycle
http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/ ChArMEx-WP4 LA, LISA, CNRM, LOA, LSCE,
LAMP, LATMOS, ENEA, LPC2E, LPCA, ICTP, Leibniz Inst., Univ.
Catalunya, Univ. of Granada, Univ. Istanbul MISTRALS-ChArMEx,
ANR-ADRIMED, M-F, CNES & ADEME
Slide 2
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
2/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Context All aerosol
types (dust, pollution, smoke, marine) are able to significantly
change the Med. radiative budget Dust pollution smoke ->
Sea-surface dimming associated with atmospheric Forcing for all
aerosol types ! Aerosol direct & semi direct effects have to be
included in climate simulations Radiative forcing is directly
linked to physical-chemical-optical properties, vertical structure
and mixing WP-4
Slide 3
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
3/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg -What is the
phys.-chem.-optical properties and mixing of the main Mediterranean
aerosols (mineral dust, anthropogenic and smoke aerosols) ? - What
is the aerosol direct radiative forcing (at local and regional
scales) at the surface, TOA & into the atmosphere (SW & LW)
? - Investigate how the modifications of the radiative budget due
to aerosols forcing affect the Med. hydrological cycle for
past-present and future time ? -> interaction with HyMEx (
indirect effect) Task 1 Direct radiative effects climatic impacts
ChArMEx-WP4 : Scientific objectives Task 2 Task 3 WP-4
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
5/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Aircraft operations
SOP-1a Base : Cagliari ATR-42 & F-20 operations - > ATR-42 :
10 June - 05 July - > F-20 : 17 June - 05 July WP-4
Slide 6
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
6/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Measurements onboard
of the ATR-42 PropertiesParametersInstruments Meteorological
conditions P, T, RH, wind, Flux ATR-42 measurement Gaseous
concentrationsCO, O 3 concentrationsMOZART Aerosol physical
properties Number size distributions Grimm FSSP UHSAS SMPS Number
concentrationCPC Shape 3-stages cascade impactor Aerosol optical
properties Scattering coefficient3 Nephelometer Absorption
coefficient 7 aethalometer 3 PSAP Extinction coefficient1 CAPS
AODPlasma Aerosol chemical composition and mixing Elemental
composition, OC/EC, Filter sampling, 3-stages cascade impactor
VolatilityV-TDMA 6 First use of SP2 and CAPS systems -> ATR42
(CNRM, M-F) Aircraft observations onboard the F-20: - Vertical
structure (LNG) - Aerosol load and aerosol-clouds microphysical
properties (OSIRIS) - Upwards and downward SW & LW fluxes
(corrected by LOA for ATR & F20) WP-4
Slide 7
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
7/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg (ATR42 & F20)
Slide 8
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
8/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg F29-30 F31-32 F38-39
F42 F41 F35-36 Overview of ATR-42 flights during ADRIMED F33 F28
F34 Courtesy C. Denjean WP-4
Slide 9
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
9/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg WP-4 F20 observations
Vertical Structure of aerosol Layers 2nd Dec 2013 Kerstin
Schepanski, [email protected] 9 Courtesy J. Pelon Complex
aerosol structure with 2-3 layers MBL with Sea Salt and pollution ?
Dust plumes between 3 and 6 km Large North-South AOD gradient very
useful data for evaluating simulated dust transport over the Med.
basin Inter-comparisons with Caliop retrievals (Caliosiris CNES
project)
Slide 10
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
10/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg 19 June20 June21 June
Lidar observations Vertical Structure of aerosol Layers Leon et
al., in prep., 2014 Large dust layer observed between 3-6 km with
moderate extinction Similar observations obtained from Barcelona
& Menorca lidar obs. Courtesy P. Chazette WP-4
Slide 11
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
11/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Courtesy B. Torres
Torres et al., in prep. PLASMA observations Vertical Structure of
aerosol Layers PLASMA observations ATR 42 (LOA) WP-4 - PLASMA obs.
onboard the ATR-42 to derive vertical profiles of AOD - good
consistence with surface AERONET/PHOTONS - allows to document AOD
at different ! - consistent with lidar and in-situ optical data
(Torres et al., in prep. 2014)
Slide 12
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
12/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg dV dlogD p Altitude
(m) Dust aerosols 22 june 2013, F35-36 Scat. coeff. (Mm -1 ) Numb.
conc. (#.cm -3 ) Diameter (m) Aerosol Optical Properties : 22 June
2013 Dust transport from Tunisia to Lampedusa Optical parameters
provide additional information : - Scattering Ang. Exponent (AE)
estimated from 3- nephelometer is about 1-2 in MBL (submicronic
particles -> pollution, fine marine) and 0.5-1 (mineral dust)
for altitude > 3000m - Low AE is consistent with the coarse mode
in size distribution - CAPS maxima 120 Mm -1 within the dust plume
12 C. Denjean (in prep.) In-situ observations (LISA, CNRM, LAMP)
Vertical Structure of aerosol Layers WP-4
Slide 13
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
13/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Aerosol size
distribution Example of dust coarse mode Courtesy P. Formenti Large
variability with impacts on : - visible optical (abs.) properties -
IR optical properties - deposition dust efficiency WP-4
Slide 14
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
14/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg WP-4 Aerosol size
distribution Ballons-LOAC observations see F. Dulac
presentation
Slide 15
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
15/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Flight 38
(28/06/2013) Optical closure : comparison of the extinction
coefficients calculated from Nephelometer + PSAP and CAPS at =530nm
Flight 41 (02/07/2013) Flight 42 (03/07/2013) Nephelometer + PSAP
Nephelometer + PSAP Nephelometer + PSAP CAPS C. Denjean & P.
Formenti Good agreement between CAPS (ext.) and Nephelometer
(scat.) + PSAP (abs.) data New 0-D optical closure useful for
constraining absorbing properties and -> SSA Comparisons with
SSA PARASOL retrievals for mineral dust (LA-LOA EPACMED CNES
project) C. Denjean (in prep.) WP-4
Slide 16
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
16/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg F23 F29 F30 F31 F33
F34 F35 F36 F38 F39 F41 F42 Mauritania W. Corsica 4 days Algeria
Granada 3 days Tunisia - Lampedusa 2 days Algeria - Lampedusa 5
days Algeria - W. Corsica 2 days SSA (530 nm) = 0,80 0,99 Large
variability in calculated SSA Low (absorbing) dust for flights 41
& 42 ! Ongoing analyses on the chemical composition, size
distribution, dust mixing ? C. Denjean & P. Formenti
Variability of aerosol optical properties: single scattering albedo
WP-4
Slide 17
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
17/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg BB layers Intense
Smoke aerosol plume WP-4 Airmasses identified as Smoke from
Colorado fires ATR42 & F-20 obs. : + vertical structure +
Optical properties + SP2 data for BC aerosols
Slide 18
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
18/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg -What is the
phys.-chem.-optical properties and mixing of the main Mediterranean
aerosols (mineral dust, anthropogenic and smoke aerosols) ? - What
is the aerosol direct radiative forcing (at local and regional
scales) at the surface, TOA & into the atmosphere (SW & LW)
? - Investigate how the modifications of the radiative budget due
to aerosols forcing affect the Med. hydrological cycle for
past-present and future time ? -> interaction with HyMEx (
indirect effect) Task 1 Direct radiative effects climatic impacts
ChArMEx-WP4 : Scientific objectives Task 2 Task 3 WP-4
Slide 19
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
19/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg 1-D Radiative
transfer model simulations of irradiances with GAME & MODTRAN
INPUTS RTM J. Nicolas (post-doc CNRM-LA) & D. Meloni (ENEA)
OUTPUTS RTM : 1D direct rad. effect & SW heating rates
Significant SW direct forcing up to -87 W.m -2 at the surface
Nicolas et al., in prep. Meloni et al., in prep. SW Heating rate
will be calculated using fluxes data (G. Brogniez, LOA) WP-4
Slide 20
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
20/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg RegCM model
(ICTP)CNRM Reg. Clim. Sys. Model (RCSM) (Meteo-France) Now :
updated 4-D Aerosol Climatology datas for 2003 2009 & HIST
periods (Nabat et al., AMT, 2013) but developemnt of an interactive
aerosol scheme recently RegCM4.3 includes a complete simple
interactive aerosol scheme > Dust (4Bins), OC, BC, SS (2B), SU
in external way (Solmon et al. 2008) develop. of Ocean Atmos.
coupling (RegCM with MIT & ROMS) -> slab ocean model option
(aerosol - SST interaction, Solmon et al., 2012) CNRM RCSM is a
Ocean (NEMOMED8) - Atmos. (ALADIN-Clim.) coupled model 3D radiative
effect and climate impact Regional Climate Models (RCM) strategy
GCM (~200 km) RCM (~25-50 km) WP-4
Slide 21
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
21/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Regional simulation
designs Reference Nabat et al., ACPD, 2012b Forced by RegCM ERAIN
reanalysis RCSM SOP 1a (June-July 2013) RegCM RCSM 1980 - 2012
Aerosol direct radiative effect and climatic impact for multi-year
( 20 years) RCM simulations P. Nabat (RCSM) & A. Shalaby
(RegCM) Future CNRM ARPEGE RCP RegCM Forced by Evaluation of RCMs
simulations using SOP-1a obs. Comparison with high resolution
(Meso-NH,..) models 2030 - 2050 1990 - 2010 ERAIN reanalysis Step 1
Step 2 Step 3 ALADIN CTM-CHIMERE COSMO-M MNH (Phd. M. Claeys)
TROPOS group (see K. Schepanski presentation) LMD group (see S.
Mailler presentation) WP-4
Slide 22
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
22/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Comparison with
ATR-42 data for aerosols extinction and size distribution profiles
(COSMO-M) Extinction measured by CAPS on-board ATR-42 Upper-level
dust loading overestimated Kerstin Schepanski, [email protected]
22 model observ. 22 nd Jan 2014 model SMPS GRIMM Size distribution
measured by SMPS and GRIMM instruments on-board ATR-42 Particle
size distribution well represented by model within the dust plume
Courtesy K. Schepanski WP-4
Slide 23
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
23/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Vertical Structure of
Dust Layers LNG F20 data Comparison to F20 LNG observations (atten.
backscatter at 532 nm) In simulation: corresponding dust
concentrations lower The complex 2-layer structure absent in model
simulation Courtesy K. Schepanski 2nd Dec 2013 Kerstin Schepanski,
[email protected] 23 WP-4
Slide 24
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
24/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg RegCM simulation WP-4
+ large surface SW forcing (mean of - 9 W.m -2 ) + strong
North-South gradient in SW TOA forcing due to surface albedo and
moderate dust SSA cooling heating + small bias & moderate to
low temporal correlation (no BB event) compared to CTM-CHIMERE
Slide 25
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
25/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Climate simulations
WP-4 PhD P. Nabat
Slide 26
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
26/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg WP-4 PhD P.
Nabat
Slide 27
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
27/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg WP-4 PhD P.
Nabat
Slide 28
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
28/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Nabat et al. Clim.
Dyn., 2014
Slide 29
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
29/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Thank you for your
attention !
Slide 30
Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
30/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg AOD observations
AERONET-PHOTONS network (LOA) -> excellent spatial coverage with
more than 10 AERONET/PHOTONS sites over the Western basin during
SOP-1a -> observations indicate moderate 0.2-0.7 (440nm) AOD in
the vis. -> AOD mainly due to the fine fraction during BB event
but not for mineral dust -> useful data for evaluating 3-D CTM
and RCM for AOD (total, fine & coarse) WP-4