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Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Communication is…. Multi-modal , that is: Speech/Vocalisation Writing Gesture Facial Expression Signing Synthesised Speech Body Language. 4 main purposes are fulfilled in communicative interactions. Communication of needs and wants - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Augmentative and Alternative
Communication
Communication is…..
Multi-modal, that is:
Speech/Vocalisation
Writing
Gesture
Facial Expression
Signing
Synthesised Speech
Body Language
4 main purposes are fulfilled in communicative interactions
Communication of needs and wants
Information transfer
Social closeness
Social etiquette
Augmentative and Alternative Communication
“a set of procedures and processes by which an individual's communication skills (i.e. production as well as comprehension) can be maximised for functional and effective communication”.
American Speech and Hearing Association
AAC
It involves supplementing or replacing natural speech and/or writing with
aided (e.g. picture communication symbols, line drawings, Blissymbols, and tangible objects)
and/or unaided symbols (e.g. manual signs, gestures, and finger spelling)....
Regardless of the mode(s) selected, AAC involves the utilization of symbols e.g.
single meaning pictures, alphabet-based methods, and semantic compaction
to represent individual‘s communication intents
Symbols can be classified as:
aided or unaided acoustic/graphic/manual/tactile static/dynamic iconicity/opaqueness
The ultimate goal of introducing an AAC system
is….
- not to find a technology solution to the communication difficulty, but to enable the individual to efficiently and effectively engage in a variety of interactions.
Who uses AAC?
Adults and children, whose speech alone is not adequate to support communication with all partners in all environments with all types of messages.
From birth i.e. Cerebral Palsy, Autism, Apraxia of speech, learning disabilities etc.
Acquired i.e. Traumatic Brain injury, stroke, spinal cord injury
Progressive i.e. M.S., Parkinson’s etc.
A person’s use of an AAC system
Should be evaluated in tandem with other assistive technology requirements
Should utilise the optimal method of access if one is already identified
Should ‘fit’ with expectations of communication
Should always facilitate communication
Communicative competence Light (1995) identified 4 key components
which impact on individuals who are working towards being competent communicators:
Linguistic competence Operational competence Social competence Strategic competence
Linguistic Competence
Provision of appropriate and sufficient information
Unambiguous communication
Efficient communication
Operational competence
Technical operation of the AAC device
Physical access and control
Ease of operation
Social Competence
Access to a range of partners
Access to a range of contexts
Strategic competence“Managing” conversations:
taking and yielding turns
Repair of misunderstandings
Selection of appropriate modes
Undertaking a range of communicative functions: requesting, responding, commanding
Communication is….
All of the aforementioned
But also depends on: Partner support Facilitation of the AAC user is central to
developing successful communication skills
Classification of AAC Aided or unaided No tech/ low tech /high tech Symbols: pictures/text Language: levels/predictive text/ Minspeak Portability: hand held/ mounted Output: synthetic (computerised)/ recorded
speech/written Input: direct/indirect Flexibility: dedicated/open
Light Tech Communication Devices
See also Clare Latham: Developing and Using a communication Book. http://www.ace-centre.org.uk/index.cfm?pageid=F93E8841-3048-7290-FEFCA53EBB74035C
Single message devices
BigMack AMDI Partner Plus Big button Chipper Express one Go Talk Button Go Talk Card Go Talk one Talking Time postcards
Single message devices No Touch talker Little Mack Personal Talker Talking buttons Talking Labels Talking tins Voice pods VoiSec Talking Pockets
Sequential Communicators Step-by-steps
Big Step Little Step
Randomizer Sequencer Smooth Talker Sound shuffle Story Sequencer
2-4 Location Devices
4Talk4 Fl4sh GoTalk 4 iTalk2 One by four Partner plus/Four TalkTrac
Interchangeable Overlay Devices
AMDi Smart 8/32/128 AMDi Tech/Scan
Go Talk 4/9/20 Go Talk Pocket Go Talk Express 32
ProxTalker
Interchangeable Overlay Devices
SuperTalker
Talara 32
Tobii 32
Quicktalker
Dynamic Display Devices with Recorded Speech
SpringBoard (Liberator)
M3 (Dynavox)
Synthesised Speech Dynamic Display Devices
V, VMax (Dynavox)
Maestro (Dynavox)
Express (Dynavox)
Tango (Dynavox)
V Pen (Ability World)
Tellus 4 (Techcess)
Mobi 2 (Techcess)
Smart II (Techcess)
Synthesised Speech Dynamic Display Devices
ECO2 (Liberator)
Vantage Lite (liberator)
Vanguard (Liberator)
Chat PC
Synthesised Speech Dynamic Display Devices
PowerBox7 (SmartBox)
Tobii C8 (SmartBox)
Motion Tablet (SmartBox)
Papoo (SmartBox)
Synthesised Speech Dynamic Display Devices
Text Based Solutions
TouchSpeak (Richard Hill)
Dynawrite (Dynavox)
LightWriter (Toby Churchill)
Alora (Techcess)