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August 2008
DOMESTICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF LIVESTOCK
Downloaded from national ag ed site. Author unknown. Edited by Jaime Gosnell and Dr. Frank Flanders, Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office, to accompany lesson 01.432-1.1
August 2008
OBJECTIVES• Define livestock
• Explain why animals were domesticated
• Explain the uses of livestock
• Describe the scope of the livestock industry in the United States
• Determine modern consumption trends
August 2008
What is Animal Science?
Animal Science is the study of biological science, genetics, selection, reproduction, and nutrition,
with applications to the management and production
of agriculture animals.
August 2008
LIVESTOCK DEFINED:
• The term livestock is normally defined as animals raised to produce milk, meat, work, and wool.
• It includes beef and dairy cattle, swine, sheep, horses, goats, and poultry.
• Other animals used in agriculture such as emus, bees, fish bait, etc. are considered alternative animal agriculture and are not covered here.
August 2008
WHAT DOES THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
MEAN?• To adapt animals for use by humans
• Animals taken from nature and raised under the care of humans
August 2008
WHY WERE ANIMALS DOMESICATED?
August 2008
To Provide a Steady Food Supply
August 2008
To Provide Transportation
August 2008
To Perform Work
August 2008
To Provide Raw Materials for Clothing
August 2008
TO INCREASE DESIREABLE CHARACTERISTICS
August 2008
To Provide Pleasure and Recreation
August 2008
WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE
U.S.?
August 2008
CATTLE• Cattle were on the first
ship to arrive in Jamestown in 1607
• There are about 115 million head of cattle in the U.S.
• Cattle are divided into beef and dairy breeds
• Angus is the most popular beef breed and holstein is the most common dairy breed
August 2008
SWINE• Swine were on the first
ship in Jamestown in 1607
• Wild hogs are the descendants of escaped domesticated hogs
• Today’s trend in the industry is to produce lean hogs as opposed to the fatter hogs that were grown in the early and middle 1900’s
August 2008
SHEEP• Sheep were
domesticated about 8,000 years ago
• They are raised for meat and wool
• There are over 200 breeds of domestic sheep
• The management of sheep is more complex than the management of most animals
August 2008
GOATS• Goats were one of the
first animals to be domesticated, about 9,000 years ago
• They are raised for food, clothing, and milk.
• Goats are excellent scavengers
• There are 300 breeds of domestic goats
• Production of meat-type goats are a current trend
August 2008
HORSES• Horses arrived with
the settlers. In the 1800’s and early 1900’s, horses were used for power and transportation
• Most horses are owned for recreation and personal pleasure
• There are two different types of equitation : English and Western.
August 2008
CHICKENS
• Chickens are the most important poultry species
• They are raised for (broiler) meat and (layer) eggs.
• Georgia ranks 1st in broiler production.
• If Georgia were a country we would rank 4th in the world.
August 2008
WHAT ARE THE COMMON FUNCTIONS OF LIVESTOCK IN
TODAY’S SOCIETY?
August 2008
CONVERTING GRAIN AND ROUGHAGE INTO MEAT
August 2008
CLOTHING
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POWER
August 2008
RECREATION
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PRODUCTS
August 2008
HOW HAVE LIVESTOCK CONSUMPTION TRENDS
CHANGED?
August 2008
CONSUMPTION TRENDS
• The consumption of beef has declined since 1970 from about 79 pounds to about 65 pounds per person per year.
• Pork consumption has remained relatively stable at just under 50 pounds per person per year.
August 2008
CONSUMPTION TRENDS
• The consumption of lamb and mutton has declined from 1.9 pounds per person to 0.9 pounds per person per year since 1970.
• Mutton is meat from a mature sheep.
August 2008
Chicken Consumption Trends
• Chicken consumption had steadily increased from 27 pounds to about 50 pounds per person per year
August 2008
Diary Consumption Trends
• The consumption of all dairy products has slightly increased from 554 pounds in 1970 to 585 pounds per person per year
August 2008
Turkey Consumption Trends• Turkey consumption has increased from 6.71
pounds to 14 pounds per person per year.
August 2008
Consumption Trends
• The increase in the consumption of poultry and the decrease in the consumption of beef can be explained by new health concerns such as high cholesterol
August 2008
WHAT IS THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES?
August 2008
MEAT ANIMALS: production and income in the U.S. 1997 -
1999
year production marketings Value of production
Cash receipts
Value of home
consumption
Gross income
-------million pounds-------
---------------- million dollars ----------------
1997 65,692 81,915 37,983 49,689 382 50,070
1998 67,890 82,478 33,181 43,344 347 43,691
1999 68,478 84,471 33,970 45,614 362 45,975
August 2008
THE BEEF INDUSTRY
• Beef accounts for 6% of all supermarket sales
• Beef cattle and calves accounted for $31,376,515,000 of gross income in the U.S. in 1996
• Texas is the leading state in beef cattle production
August 2008
THE DAIRY INDUSTRY• The U.S. produced $23,057,197,000 worth of
milk in 1996
• Wisconsin is the leading dairy producing state
• Milk is produced in all 50 states
August 2008
THE SWINE INDUSTRY• The U.S. ranks second to China in the number
of hogs produced
• Iowa is the number one hog producer in the U.S.
• In 1997 the U.S. had a gross income of $13,246,479,000 from the hog industry
August 2008
THE SHEEP INDUSTRY• Colorado is the number one sheep
producing state
• In 1997 sheep had a gross value of $645,941,000 in the U.S.
August 2008
THE GOAT INDUSTRY
• Texas is the number one goat producing state
August 2008
THE POULTRY INDUSTRY• Chicken, turkey, and eggs account for a high
percentage of farm income for all products
• In 1997 the value of poultry production in the U.S. was $21,635,976,000
• Georgia is the number one broiler producing state and Iowa is the number one layer production state.
August 2008
THE HORSE INDUSTRY
• There is no accurate count of the number of horses in the United States
• It is estimated that over 16 billion dollars is spent in the horse industry every year.
• The horse industry in steadily increasing in GA.
August 2008
REMEMBER
• Livestock was domesticated for convenience of humans
• The term livestock generally refers to horses, cattle, swine, poultry, sheep, and goats
• Livestock production is a major economic factor in the U.S. economy
• Consumption of poultry has increased in recent years while red meat consumption has declined or remained stable
