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August 2012 – v13
ISTQB® in a Nutshell
ISTQB ® Marketing Working Group
Contents
2ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® : International Software Testing Qualifications Board (www.istqb.org)– Non-profit association– Founded in 2002 - Headquarters in Belgium– With own constitution, rules and regulations– Composed of volunteer international Testing Experts– Responsible for “ISTQB® Certified Tester” scheme worldwide
ISTQB® is the world’s leading organisation for Software Testing Certification
Advancing the software testing profession
What is ISTQB® ?
3ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Vision“To continually improve and advance the software testing profession by:
Defining and maintaining a Body of Knowledge which allows testers to be certified based on best practices, connecting the international software
testing community, and encouraging research.”
ISTQB® – Vision
4ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Mission1) We promote the value of software testing as a profession to individuals and
organizations.
2) We help software testers to be more efficient and effective in their work, through the certification of competencies.
3) We enable testers to progress their career through a Professionals’ Code of Ethics and a multi-level certification pathway that provides them with the skills and knowledge they need to fulfil their growing responsibilities and to achieve increased professionalism.
4) We continually advance the Testing Body of Knowledge by drawing on the best available industry practices and the most innovative research, and we make this knowledge freely available to all.
5) We set the criteria for accrediting training providers, to ensure consistent delivery of the Body of Knowledge, worldwide.
ISTQB® – Mission (1)
5ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Mission6) We regulate the content and coverage of exam questions, the examination process,
and the issuing of certifications by official examination bodies.
7) We are committed to expanding software testing certifications around the world, by admitting member boards into the ISTQB®. These boards adhere to the constitution, bylaws, and processes defined by the ISTQB®, and participate in regular audits.
8) We nurture an open international community, committed to sharing knowledge, ideas, and innovations in software testing.
9) We foster relationships with academia, government, media, professional associations and other interested parties.
10) We provide a reference point against which the effectiveness of testing services can be evaluated, by maintaining our prominence as a respected source of knowledge in software testing.
ISTQB® – Mission (2)
6ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Values
7ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Value Chain
8ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Eco-system
9
ISTQB ®
• Creation of new syllabi • Definition of worldwide rules• Working Group activities
Examination Body• Performs exams • Issues certificates
Member Board• Translation/ Release of new syllabi• Accreditation of training providers• Creation and release of exam questions• Adoption of ISTQB® rules• Contribution to ISTQB® Working Groups• Perform exam/ issue certificates
Accredited Training Provider• Creation of course materials• Delivery of courses
Certified Tester
Segregation of duties International harmonization
and mutual recognition
ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Working Groups
10
Member Boards
ISTQB® General Assembly
Executive CommitteeGlossary
Foundation
Advanced
Expert TBOK Exam Processes
Audit
Governance
Release Management
Marketing Strategy
Exam Providers
Training providers
Product Dev. Steering
Committee
ISTQB® - August 2012
Contents
11ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB ® - The Evolution
1998 ISEB (Information Systems Examinations Board, part of the British Computer Society) develops the Certified Tester Syllabus. The first Software Testers are certified in 1998
2002 The I ISTQB® (International Software Testing Qualifications Board) is founded by 8 member boards: Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands and UK
2003 The syllabus for the “Advanced Level“ is completed
2004 First exams for “ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level“
2006 The number of member boards grows steadily
2007 The Foundation and Advanced Syllabi are improved
2009 The number of Member Boards climbs furtherThe number of certifications reaches 100.000
2010 BCS withdraws ISEB Test Practitioner scheme in favor of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level. The first “Expert Level” syllabus is released
2011 More than 200.000 certifications issued across the world Issue of additional Expert Level Syllabi
2012 New version of the Advanced Level syllabusActivation of the “ISTQB® Partner Program”First issue of the “ISTQB® Software Testing Excellence Award”
12ISTQB® - August 2012
46 Boards 70 Countries
Footprint – Geographic Coverage
13
The countries in which ISTQB® operates contribute to over 90% of the worldwide GDP
ISTQB® - August 2012
As of March 2012 the number of certifications issued has passed 240.000, with a trend of more than 10.000 new certifications per quarter
Among the technology-independent certifications schemes, ISTQB® is the third one in the IT industry in number of certified persons (below only PMI and ITIL) and clearly the first in the Testing subject
ISTQB® constitutes an international de-facto reference
Footprint–Number of Certifications
14ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB®Cumulative Certificates issued
15ISTQB® - August 2012
The distribution of Certificates issued by ISTQB® as of March 2012 is as follows:
Footprint–Number of Certifications
ISTQB® - August 2012 16
Results AnalysisPass - Rate
ISTQB® - August 2012 17
Results AnalysisPass - Rate
Considering the pass-rate of ISTQB® exams we note that:
Foundation Level has an average pass-rate around 75%;
Advanced Level has an average pass-rate close to 58%. The pass-rate difference between the different Advanced level modules is not significant.
Please note that these pass-rate is calculated for the all ISTQB® exams made world wide. Therefore the pass-rate of a single exam can vary significantly comparing to this statistical data.
ISTQB® - August 2012 18
ISTQB® can rely on a considerable number of accredited training providers worldwide
As of March 2012 we can count on:– 180+ accreditations for Foundation Level– 80+ accreditations for Advanced Level
Footprint–Number of Accredited Training Providers
19ISTQB® - August 2012
Contents
20ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® has defined three levels of syllabi– Foundation– Advanced (Test Manager, Test Analyst, Technical Test Analyst)– Expert (Improving the Test Process, Test Management, Test Automation *, Security
Testing *, etc.)
Syllabi are publicly available for download from the ISTQB® Website
Syllabi are written by industry experts and continuously reviewed and improved
Terms used in the ISTQB® syllabi are described in the ISTQB® Glossary
* - publishing in progress
ISTQB® - Syllabi and Glossary
21ISTQB® - August 2012
22
ISTQB® – Levels and Syllabi
ISTQB® - August 2012
23
SW Testing Fundamentals
Testing throughout the
software life cycle
Statictechniques
Testing design techniques
Test management
Tool support of Testing
Testing process Regression testStructure-based
techniques(white-box)
Configuration Management
Risk Management
Basic ElementsSoftware
DevelopmentModels
Inspections and testing process
The test development process
Test OrganizationTypes of
Test Tools
Testing definition Test levels Inspection Process (review)
Categories of test design techniques
Test Planning and Estimation
Effective use of tools:
potential benefits and risks
The psychology of testing
Experience-based Techniques
Choosing test techniques
Incident Management
Types of testingStatic Analysis by
tools
Specification-based techniques(black-box)
Test Progress Monitoring and Control
General principlesIntroducing a tool
into an Organization
ISTQB® – Foundation Level
ISTQB® - August 2012
24
Test ManagementTechnical Test AnalystTest Analyst
ISTQB® - Advanced Level (version 2007, to be replaced by new version by end of 2012)
Software testing
fundamentals
Testing throughout
the software
life-cycle
Test design
techniques
Static testing
techniques
Test
management
Tool support
for testing
Definition of terms
Reason for testing
Fundamental
test process
The psychology
of testing
Re-test andregression test
Expected results
Prioritizing tests
Software
Devel. models
The economics
of testing
Test plan
Component test
Integration test
System test
Acceptance test
Maintenance test
Explanation of
techniques terms
Black and whitebox tests
Functional test
techniques
Structural test
techniques
Experience-based
techniques
Meaning ofstatic test
Reviews and thetest process
Types of review
Static analysis
Organization
Configurationmanagement
Test estimation,
monitoring control
Incidentmanagement
Testing standards
Types oftesting tool
Tool selection
and use
Test Management topic
Technical Test Analyst topic
Test Analyst
topicCommon topic
ISTQB® - August 2012
25
Testing Process Test Management Test TechniquesTesting
Software Quality Characteristics
Reviews Test Tools
Evaluation Exit Criteria and Reporting
Usability Testing
Root Cause Analysis
Testing in the Software
Development Lifecycle
Test Progress Monitoring and
Control
Specification-Based
Techniques
Accuracy Testing
Using Checklist in Reviews
Test Design Tools
Test Planning, Monitoring and
Control
Distributed, Outsourced and
Insourced Testing
Defect-Based techniques
Suitability Testing
Defect Report Fields
Test Data Preparation Tools
Test Closure Activities
Accessibility Testing
Risk Based Testing
Experience-Based
Techniques
Interoperability Testing
Defect Classification
Test Analysis, Design and
Implementation
Automated Test Execution Tools
ISTQB® – Advanced Level
Test Analyst (Beta Version 2012)
ISTQB® - August 2012
Defect Management
26
ISTQB® – Advanced Level
Test Manager(Beta Version 2012)
ISTQB® - August 2012
Testing Process Test Management ReviewsDefects
ManagementImproving the
testing processPeople Skills
Evaluation Exit Criteria and Reporting
Testing in the Software
Development Lifecycle
Risk Based Testing
Management Reviews and
AuditsDefect Lifecycle
Test Improvement Process
Individual Skills
Test Planning, Monitoring and
Control
Test Documentation
Managing Reviews
Defect Report Information
Improving the testing process with CMMi, TPI, CTP and STEP
Test Team Dynamics
Test Closure Activities
Test Estimation & Test Metrics
Metrics for reviews
Test Analysis, Design and
Implementation
Fitting testing within an
organization
Business Value of Testing
Distributed, Outsourced and
Insourced Testing
Managing the application of
Industry Standards
Managing Formal Reviews
Test Tool and Automation
Tool Selection
Tool Lifecycle
Tool Metrics
Motivation
Communication
27
ISTQB® – Advanced Level
Technical Test Analyst (Beta Version 2012)Risk Based
TestingStructured-Based
TestingAnalytical
Techniques
Quality Characteristics for Technical
testing
ReviewsTest Tools and
Automation
Resource Utilization
Risk Identification
Condition Testing
Static AnalysisGeneral
Planning IssuesUsing Checklist in
Reviews
Integration and Information Interchange
Risk Assessment
Path Testing
Dynamic Analysis
Security & Reliability
Testing
Defining the Test Automation Project
Maintainability Testing
API Testing
Performance Testing
Risk MitigationSpecific Test
Tools
Portability Testing
Modified Condition / Decision
Coverage (MC/DC) Testing
ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB®- Expert Level Improving the Test Process
28
Context of Improvement
Model basedimprovement
Analytical based improvement
Selecting the Approach
OrganizationalAspects
Critical Success Factors
Generic improv. cycle
(Deming, IDEAL)
Context based models
(CTP, STEP)
Initiating & Diagnosis of the
Situation
Change Manag.Process
Human factors
Why? Introduction IntroductionSelection of test process improv.
Organization
Key SuccessFactors
What can beimproved?
SW models (CMMI, ISO 15504)
Causal Analysis
Setting a cultureOverview of
Improv. approaches
Establishing a Test Impr. Plan
Acting to implementImprovements
Test models(TPI, TMMi)
GQM model
Process forImprovement
Managing Change
Views of Quality
Adapting to differentLife Cycle Models
Measures, Metrics& Indicators
Roles
Skills
Learning from Impr. Program
ISTQB® - August 2012
29
Mission, Policies ,Strategy and Goals
Managing the Test Team
Managing acrossthe Organization
Project MngmtEssentials
Test ProjectEvaluation &
Reporting
Domain and Project Factors
Managing ExternalRelationships
QualityManagement
Test Results Reporting andInterpretation
Statistical Quality Control
techniques
Mission, Policies, Metrics of success
Building the Test Team
Advocating theTest Team
PM tasks Tracking Information
Considerationsfor lifecycle
models
Test StrategiesDeveloping the
Test TeamPlacement of the
Test TeamProject Risk Management
InternalReporting
Managing partialLifecycle models
Leading theTest Team
Stakeholdercommunication
Standards and Regulations
ExternalReporting
Alignment of Test Policy and Strategy Within Organization
Release Considerations
ISTQB® - Expert Level Test Management
Creating and Building
Relationships
Quality activities/ Tools across the
Organization
Ethical issues
Evaluating Effectiveness &
Efficiency
Metrics
Project Retrospectives
ISTQB® - August 2012
The exam is structured on multiple-choice questions for Foundation and Advanced Level
For Expert Level, an essay is also required
Number of questions and length of exams are:– Foundation exams: 40 questions, length = 1h (75 minutes for candidates taking
exams not in their native language)
– Advanced exams: 65 questions, length = 3h (or 225 minutes for candidates taking exams not in their native language)
Questions are defined in a very strict way Exams can be held without attending the course For more details, see the FAQ section in the ISTQB® Website
Exams
30ISTQB® - August 2012
Questions are selected according to defined set of rules:
– Proportional distribution of questions on the basis of Syllabus chapters topics.
– Distribution of questions on the basis of different types:• K1 = Remember (mnemonic contents),
• K2 = Understand (conceptual contents),
• K3 = Apply (exercise that requires the use of testing notions or techniques)
• K4 = Analyze (exercise that requires also a contextual analysis)
Expert level exams include five different K-levels (K2 to K6), with two additional higher K-levels:
• K5 = Evaluate (make judgments based on criteria and standards)
• K6 = Create (reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure; devise a procedure for accomplishing some task, invent a
product)
Exam Questions
31ISTQB® - August 2012
Contents
32ISTQB® - August 2012
International recognition of acquired competences and skills
Possibility to use the logo “Certified Tester”(with identification of the specific level of certification)
Supports to the career path from foundation level to expert level
Benefits for Professionals
33ISTQB® - August 2012
The certification can be a competitive advantage for companies thanks to the increased level of reliability of the applications developed and the cost optimization of test activities, derived from the ISTQB® competencies
The certification in consulting companies can offer high-level services to customers, increasing revenues and brand value
ISTQB® has defined a “Partner Program” for the companies that have a large number of certified testers
Benefits for Companies
34ISTQB® - August 2012
For educational institutes and consulting companies it is possible to become an Accredited Trainer Provider; the processes and rules for accreditation are defined at international level
Accredited Training Providers can ensure a high standing in training services thanks to:– certified trainers– training material whose content, quality and syllabi coverage is checked by ISTQB® Boards– early information and consultation on the evolution of ISTQB® Glossary and Syllabi
Accredited Training Providers can benefit of specific logos and are listed in the ISTQB® Website
Benefits for Training Providers
35ISTQB® - August 2012
Contents
36ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Partner Program
Provides recognition to
companies that are
investing in ISTQB® scheme
37ISTQB® - August 2012
Benefits for Partners
• The main benefits of the ISTQB® Partner Program are:
- World wide recognition of the partnership status through direct exposure in the ISTQB® Web Site
- Access to ISTQB® Conference Network events at special conditions
- Receive new syllabi in Alpha version with the opportunity to contribute to their review
- Participation to the “ISTQB® Partner Forum” that will provide Partners with highlights on the ISTQB® Roadmap and news.
- Additional Local Benefits provided by the MBs/EPs
38ISTQB® - August 2012
Companies can become an ISTQB® Partner if they have a significant number of employees or external consultants working for them that have passed certification exams by ISTQB®.
The Program comprises four levels of partnerships that have different eligibility thresholds:– Silver: 5 Points– Gold: 14 Points– Platinum: 30 Points– Global: A minimum of 1 Platinum Partnership and 2 Gold
Partnerships in at least 2 different countries.
39ISTQB® - August 2012
Eligibility Points and Thresholds
The partnership level of an organization is determined through the number of certification points it has accumulated:– Foundation certification = 1 point, – Advanced certification = + 3 points (for each advance level
certification module achieved)– Expert certification = + 5 points (for each expert level certification
module achieved)
Other criteria to follow in order to be eligible are:
– GOLD partnership requires to have at least 1 ADVANCED Level certification;
– PLATINUM partnership requires to have at least 3 ADVANCED Level certifications
40ISTQB® - August 2012
Eligibility Points and Thresholds
ISTQB® Award
41ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® has launched the ISTQB® International Software Testing Excellence Award, an annual prize that is given for outstanding contribution to the preservation, innovation or research in the field of software quality.
Anyone can fill a proposal for a potential winner of the "ISTQB® International Software Testing Excellence Award”, filling in the Submission Form on the ISTQB® website
The potential winner of the Award is selected for having contributed to:– Increase public awareness for the importance of software quality
and testing– Advance the publication of research findings in the field of software
quality and testing– Push further education on the subject of software quality and
testing– Support the creation of standards and norms in the area of software
quality ad testing– Give new impulses to the improvement of software development
and testing processes
42ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Award criteria
Contents
43ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Contacts
44
ISTQB® Official Website: www.istqb.org
ISTQB® Address:
Avenue du Roi, 2061190 BrusselsBelgium
ISTQB® Contact E-mail: [email protected]
ISTQB® - August 2012
ISTQB® Channels
45
You Tube presence : http://www.youtube.com/user/ISTQBORG
Slide Share presence : http://www.slideshare.net/ISTQBORG
LinkedIn Community : http://www.linkedin.com/
groups?about=&gid=4064826&trk=anet_ug_grppro
Twitter channel : http://twitter.com/#!/ISTQBORG
XING community : https://www.xing.com/net/istqb
Facebook Page : http://www.facebook.com/istqborg
ISTQB® - August 2012