Culture

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Australia: the place1 T4.22 Ascolta e leggi il Factfile sull’Australia. Prepara un Factfile simile sull’Italia.

Australia

Cape York

GreatBarrierReef

Southern Ocean

Indian Ocean

Perth

Darwin

Brisbane

Melbourne

Murray Sydney

Adelaide

Lake Eyre

Ayers Rock

Outback

Tasmania

River CanberraFactfile: AustraliaPopulation 20.6 millionCapital city Canberra (325,000)Highest mountain Mawson Peak (2,745 m)Largest lake Lake Eyre (9,500 km 2)Longest river The Murray River (2,530 km)

B CA Australia is the largest island in the world. It is7.7 million km2. But Australia is also a continent– the continent of Australasia, which containsAustralia, Tasmania and New Zealand. It is thesmallest continent.

The population of Australia is 20.6 million,but the people mainly live in the cities alongthe coast. Most of Australia is empty and this isbecause most of it is desert. This desert region is located mainly in the centre of the countryand it is called the Outback.

Although most of Australia is desert, there arestunning features to see. There are 540 nationalparks as well as 12 heritage sites. There are alsorainforests in Queensland and around 2,000 coralreefs. The eucalyptus is one of the most commontrees. Eucalyptus trees give out small drops ofblue oil and this is why the mountains nearSydney are called the Blue Mountains.

2 T4.23 Ascolta e leggi le informazioni sull’Australiae abbina i titoli ai paragrafi corretti.

Climate Origins Geography

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3 Rileggi il testo e rispondi alle domande.

1 What is the name of the empty inlandarea of Australia?

2 How many national parks has Australia got?3 Why are the mountains near Sydney called

the ‘Blue Mountains’?4 Which word describes the nomad life of

the Aborigines? 5 How many Aborigine languages exist today?6 What are the colours of the Aborigine flag?7 Which area has temperatures of 15ºC in

the winter?8 Which area gets a lot of rain?

ES

Aborigines have been in Australia for 60,000 years.They originally came from Asia. Aborigines livedin tribes of about ten to fifty people, but they

didn’t live in one place: they werenomads. This way of life was called

the ‘Walkabout’. Theysometimes built huts or lived

in caves and we can stillsee the pictures theypainted in these caves.

They painted theirbodies, too. They ate what

they found in the forests:insects, fish, honey and

plants. They also huntedand used boomerangs to

kill kangaroos. Aborigines spokeabout 500 different languages,but only around 30 exist today.Many Australian place namescome from Aboriginal words. The most famous is Canberra,the capital city.

When European settlers started toarrive in the 18th century, they killedmany of the Aborigine tribes and took theirland. They destroyed their way of life and triedto make them more western. Today modernAborigines are allowed to preserve their culture.They have their own flag. It’s black and red witha yellow circle. The black symbolizes theAborigines; red is the red earth of Australia, andthe yellow circle is the sun. 2.2% of the totalpopulation of Australia is Aborigine.

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Presentazione orale

Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domandee prendete appunti. Poi preparate una brevepresentazione orale.• Which early people lived in Italy before

modern times? • What evidence can you see of this?

Australia has tropical, temperate and dryregions, with different weather conditions foreach region.

In the north, the tropical region, there is a six-month-long wet season with temperaturesbetween 30 and 50ºC. The temperatures fall to about 20ºC in the dry season.

The centre of Australia is the desert region.Here it is very hot during the day, and very coldat night. It’s usually about 40ºC in the summerand between 16 to 24ºC in the winter. At night,the temperature can fall to 0ºC. There is alsovery little rain.

The temperate region in the south haschangeable weather with an average temperatureof around 30ºC in the summer, and 15ºC in the winter.

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Culture

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Australia: past and present1 T4.24 Che cosa sai su questi personaggi?

Abbina i nomi alle descrizioni. Poi ascolta e leggi i testi per controllare le risposte.

James Cook a singer

Kylie Minogue a film actress

Nicole Kidman a bank robber

Ned Kelly a sailor and explorer

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James CookJames Cook was born in 1728. He was asailor and joined the British navy whenhe was 13. Cook quickly showed hisskill as a navigator and when he was 41,the British Admiralty sent him to Tahitiand New Zealand. He travelled on an old coal ship, The Endeavour. Hearrived in southern Australia by accidenton his way home in 1770. He stoppedin a beautiful bay and decided to call it‘Botany Bay’. Captain Cook raised theBritish flag and claimed the newcountry for the British Empire. Cookalso discovered Hawaii but on one ofhis trips some Polynesian natives killedhim in 1779.

2 Rileggi i testi e decidi se le affermazioni sonovere (T) o false (F).

1 James Cook died in Britain.2 Ned Kelly’s family didn’t know that he

was a bank robber.3 Kylie Minogue is an actress and an

author as well as a singer.4 Kylie Minogue performed at the

Sydney Olympics.5 Nicole Kidman moved to Australia

in 1981.

KES

Ned KellyNed Kelly was born in 1854 and grewup in a poor family of Irish immigrants.When he was still quite young, he stolehorses with his brothers. When Ned was23, he shot a policeman in the arm andhe ran away with his brothers and somefriends. They formed a gang and robbedbanks around the country. They alsofought for justice for poor Australians.He became a folk hero like Robin Hood.Eventually the authorities captured himand hanged him in Melbourne in 1880.

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Kylie MinogueKylie Minogue was born in Melbourne,Australia in 1968. She worked as a childactress from the age of 11, and starredin the TV soap Neighbours from 1986 to1988. She then moved from acting tosinging and brought out several number1 hits in the late 1980s and early 1990s,including I should be so lucky. Her album,Light Years, is her most popular to date.She sang at the Sydney Olympics in 2000and in 2001, her single Can’t get you outof my head was her biggest success. It wasnumber 1 in over 40 countries and soldsix million copies. She has also written achildren’s book, The Showgirl Princess.

Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domandee prendete appunti. Poi preparate una brevepresentazione orale su un italiano famoso.• Who is an important folk hero in Italian

history? Was he / she good or bad?• Make some notes about the hero and

then write a short paragraph like the ones on pages 4 and 5 about him / her.

Presentazione orale

Nicole KidmanNicole Kidman was born in Hawaii in1967 and moved to Australia with herfamily when she was four years old. Shestarted acting on Australian TV whenshe was a teenager and then becamefamous when she starred in the filmDead Calm with Sam Neill in 1989. Hermost popular films include the blackcomedy To Die for (1995), the ghoststory The Others (2001) and the warromance Cold Mountain (2003).

3 T4.25 Leggi questa famosa canzone australiana.Poi ascoltala e cerca di cantarla.

Waltzing MatildaOnce a jolly swagman camped by a billabongUnder the shade of a coolibah treeAnd he sang as he watched and waited till

his billy boiled‘You’ll come a waltzing Matilda with me,Waltzing Matilda, waltzing Matilda, You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda with me’. L

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2 T4.27 Ora ascolta e leggi le informazioni sulla Nuova Zelanda e la sua storia.

New ZealandPacific Ocean

Tasman Sea

Dunedin

NorthIsland

SouthIsland

New Zealand: geography1 T4.26 Ascolta e leggi le informazioni su questi posti della Nuova Zelanda.

Abbina le descrizioni ai luoghi sulla mappa.

Wellington is the capital city. It is on the south of NorthIsland. The Parliament Buildingsare in Wellington.

Waitangi is north of Auckland. It is the place where50 Maori chiefs signed theTreaty of Waitangi. After this,New Zealand became part ofthe British Empire.

Lake Taupo is in thecentre of North Island. It’s New Zealand’s largest lake.Fishermen go to the lake every year because there are500 tonnes of trout there.

Auckland is in thenorthern part of North Islandon a very narrow piece of land.

Christchurch is thebiggest city on South Island. It has been very important formany Antarctic expeditions, asmany Antarctic explorers usedthe Port of Lyttleton as adeparture point for expeditions.It has an InternationalAntarctic Centre.

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Culture

People and history The main tribe in New Zealand is the Maoripeople. They are Polynesians and came originallyfrom Hawaii. When Captain Cook landed there, in 1769, around 100,000 Maoris lived in NewZealand. The European settlers sold rifles andweapons to the Maoris and also tried to buy land from them cheaply. This led to many battles,known as the ‘Musket Wars’. In 1840, 50 Maorichiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, where theypromised to obey Queen Victoria in return fortheir lands.

There are now many different nationalities inNew Zealand. Almost a quarter of the populationof New Zealand have got Scottish ancestors.Scottish national dress (the kilt), music (thebagpipes) and festivals (Hogmanay on 31stDecember and Burns Night on 25th January) are important, especially in the city of Dunedin.

Nowadays, New Zealand is very multicultural.In 2005, a census showed that about 7 out of 10New Zealanders had a European background. Theothers had Maori, Pacific Island or Asian ancestors.

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3 Rileggi il testo e rispondi alle domande.

1 Where do the Maori people originally come from?

2 What percentage of the New Zealandpopulation has a European background?

3 What is New Zealand’s national rugbyteam called?

4 With which sport is Sir Peter Blakeassociated?

ES

Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domandee prendete appunti. Poi preparate una brevepresentazione orale.• Describe Italy’s climate. Is it good for

outdoor or indoor sports?• Imagine you can try a dangerous sport

in New Zealand. Which do you chooseand why?

Presentazione orale

The Home of Adventure

Sports

In New Zealand, everyone loves to be outdoors. The landscape and climate allow people to tryeverything: swimming with sharks, skiing, surfing,bungee-jumping, kayaking, paragliding, whilethousands of people still love the traditional sport of rugby.

The national rugby team, the All Blacks, has the best winning record of any national team in the world. The All Blacks traditionally perform ahaka (a traditional Maori war dance) before thestart of international matches. New Zealand is one of the leading nations in world yachting, andSir Peter Blake, the round-the-world yachtsman,was a national hero. New Zealand is alsointernationally recognized for its medal-winningachievements in the Olympic Games.

Culture

8

New Zealand: films1 Lavora in coppia. Che cosa hanno in comune questi due uomini?

(La risposta è in fondo alla pagina.)

1 the director of the Lord of the Rings and King Kong? 2 the director of the Chronicles of Narnia?

2 T4.28 Ascolta e leggi le informazioni. Poi scegli la parola o la frase corretta per completare le frasi di pag. 9.

Answer: They are both from New Zealand.

Peter Jackson Peter Jackson wasborn in a small coastal town in New

Zealand in 1961. He was an only child.When he was 8 years old, he had a very

special birthday present–a movie camera. He lovedusing his movie camera and practised creatingspecial effects on film. When he was 22, he wrote,directed and starred in a film called Bad Taste. Thefilm had lots of special effects and it won a prizeat the Cannes Film Festival. Jackson then gave uphis job in a photographer’s shop and began tomake horror films full-time.

Many years later he finally got the money to make the amazing Lord of the Rings trilogy. The landscapes of New Zealand were perfect forTolkien’s Middle Earth, in the books. As a result,thousands of tourists visit New Zealand every yearto visit film locations and other film directors alsouse New Zealand for their films.

After Lord of the Rings, Jackson made the filmKing Kong. He doesn’t like Hollywood so he madeKing Kong in film studios in Wellington, NewZealand. He always plays a small part in each ofhis films. In Lord of the Rings he was a warrior in the battle of Helms Deep and in King Konghe was the pilot of the plane which attacks the famous gorilla.

New Zealand makes film history!

9

1 Peter Jackson stopped working in aphotographer’s shop because …a he decided to make The Lord of the

Rings trilogy.b he wanted to move to Hollywood.c his film Bad Taste won an award.

2 In the film King Kong, Peter Jacksonplays the part of …a a warrior. b a pilot. c King Kong.

3 When he was a child, Andrew Adamsonwanted to ...a work in animation.b be an architect.c be a film director.

4 The Chronicles of Narnia uses …a real actors only.b a mix of real actors and animation.c animation only.

Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domande e prendete appunti. Poi preparate una brevepresentazione.• Can you think of any famous films that

have made Italy hit the headlines?• Can you name any famous Italian

directors? What films did they make? • What’s your favourite film? Is it an

Italian film or an international one?What is it about?

Presentazione orale

Andrew Adamson AndrewAdamson was born on 1st December,

1966 in Auckland, New Zealand. He loveddrawing cartoons when he was a child, but hewanted to become an architect, not a film director!

However, he broke his leg in a bad car accident and couldn’t go to university to studyarchitecture. He began to work on animationwhile he was recovering from the accident. Atfirst he designed animations for TV shows andadvertisements. Then he moved to California in1991 and worked on computer-animated special

effects for the films True Lies, Batman Foreverand Batman and Robin.

In 2001, he co-directed Shrek and he also co-directed and co-wrote Shrek 2 in 2004. Shrek 2was extremely successful, and made over $1 billion.

In 2005, he directed and co-wrote The Chroniclesof Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe.In this film there were real human actors togetherwith very realistic computer-animated creatures.Auckland and the South Island were the locationsfor many of the scenes in Narnia. Adamson isworking on Shrek 3 and on the next Chronicles of Narnia film: Prince Caspian.

Canada

USA

Hudson Bay

PacificOcean

NorthAtlanticOcean

Arctic Ocean

Baffin Bay

Niagara Falls

Vancouver Calgary

Toronto

Ottowa

Alaska

Montreal

Quebec

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GeographyCanada is the second-largest country in theworld after Russia. On its west, there is thePacific Ocean and on the east there is theAtlantic Ocean. It is a vast country, covering9,984,670 km2 of territory and six time zones.Although it is large, the population is very small, with only about 30 million people – smaller than thepopulation of Italy (56.75 million)and Britain (59.83 million). 89% of Canada is uninhabited. Morethan half of Canada is forestand about half the populationlives near the southern borderwith the USA, in the provincesof Quebec and Ontario.

SymbolsThe symbol of Canada is the maple leaf;you can see it on the Canadian flag. The‘Mounties’ are members of the RoyalCanadian Mounted Police– they arepolicemen on horses, and are a colourfuland popular symbol of Canada. Anothersymbol of Canada is the beaver. Thisanimal represents the importance of the fur trade to Canada’s history.

Canada: the place

1 T4.29 Ascolta e leggi le informazioni sul Canada e decidi se leaffermazioni a pag. 11 sono vere (T) o false (F). KES

Culture

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Trova delle informazioni sull'Italia e completa la terza colonna.Prendi appunti. Poi prepara una breve presentazione orale sull'Italia.

Presentazione orale

LandmarksOver 40 million tourists visit Canada each year because there is somuch to see and do. The Niagara Falls, on the border with the USA,is an amazing sight. 14 million litres of water crash down into LakeOntario from Lake Erie every minute.

Many tourists visit the CN tower in Toronto. It’s 553 metres highand is the tallest tower in the world.

There are over thirty national parks in Canada where visitors canenjoy hiking, canoeing, kayaking and white water rafting.

Other attractions include the old town of Montreal, with its livelytown squares and old cobbled streets; West Edmonton Mall, thelargest shopping centre in the world and Stanley Park in Vancouver.

1 Canada is larger than Russia.2 Only 11% of Canada is inhabited.3 The beaver was an important animal in Canada’s

history.4 Montreal has the largest shopping centre in

the world.

Comparison: Canada and the USACanada is the next-door neighbour of the USA andmany people think it is very similar to the USA. Insome ways, Canada is similar, but in other ways it isdifferent. Canada is mainly English-speaking (70.7%), though there are some citiesand areas where French is the main official language. 22.7% of Canadians speakFrench as their first language. The USA is also mainly English-speaking (82.1%),though many people (10.7%) speak Spanish as their first language.

Canada and the USA are both approximately the same size, but Canada has amuch smaller population, because large areas of Canadian land are uninhabitable.The population of the USA is nine times greater than the population of Canada.

There is more crime in the USA than in Canada: the crime rate in the USA isthree times higher than that in Canada.

2 T4.30 Ascolta e leggi le informazioni sul Canada e sugli USA e completa la tabella con le cifre del testo.

Canada1 % English speakers 2 % French speakers

population: 32.5 million

crime rate: 18 per million

USA3 % English speakers4 % Spanish speakers

population: 5 million

crime rate: 6 per million

Italy7 % Italian speakers8 % other nationalities

population: 9 million

crime rate: 10 per million

Canada: people and history1 Osserva le foto e rispondi alle domande.

1 What do you know about these people? 2 What connection do they have with

Canada?

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2 T4.31 Ora ascolta e leggi i testi e abbina i paragrafi alle foto corrette.

Culture

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The original people of Canada are made up of three separate groups, the NativeAmericans, the Métis and the Inuit. Theancestors of the Native Americans and theMétis probably arrived in Canada some time between 25,000 and 12,000 years ago,when the first Mongolians crossed over theBering Strait between Siberia and Alaska.The Inuit came later to Canada, probablyaround AD 1200. They lived by fishing whales,smaller fish and seals and wearing the skinsof whales and seals. They also hunted deerand wore their fur. They built their housesfrom the snow – we call these igloos.

The first Europeans to arrive in Canadawere the Vikings from Greenland. Theyfound this new area around AD 1000 andcalled it Vinland. They settled for a shortperiod. We do not know why the Vikings did not stay long in this area, but we knowthat when the Europeans arrived in the 15th century they believed that, apart fromthe original people, there were no otherpeople in Canada.

The 15th century was known as ‘The Age of Exploration’ in Europe. ‘The Age of Exploration’ was pioneered by the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabellaof Spain. The English King, Henry VII alsowanted to encourage exploration and hesent John Cabot to explore the world andfind new lands for England in 1497. Manypeople believed Cabot was English, but,like Columbus, he was an Italian. Cabot was the first European to discover and begin to explore Newfoundland, but he was quickly followed by the Frenchman,Jacques Cartier in 1534. This started a longbattle between the English and the Frenchover Canada.

Between 1689 and 1763 there wereseveral wars between the French and the British in Canada over territory andcontrol of the fur trade. The British wonthese wars and they finally took controlof all the colonies in Canada in the Treatyof Paris in 1763. However, the French-speaking Canadians, the Québecois, stillkept their French identity.

Throughout the 19th century,the British tried to bring together thedifferent colonies to form one unitedcountry, and they finally achieved thison 1st July, 1867.

In 1982, Canada created a newconstitution. Now it still has the Queenof England as its monarch, but it isindependent from Britain. Many FrenchCanadians today want to form their own country, separate from the rest ofCanada. The province of Quebec held a vote in 1995 to decide if it shouldbecome a separate country. 51% votedagainst separation. 22.7% of Canadiansspeak French as their first language, andmany Canadians are bi-lingual in Frenchand English.

Famous modern Canadians

4 Abbina le descrizioni alle foto.

Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domandee prendete appunti. Poi preparate una brevepresentazione orale su due italiani famosi.• Think of two famous Italians. Why is

he / she famous?• How old is he / she?• Where does he / she live now?• Is he / she married?• Did he / she always want to be famous?

Presentazione orale

13

3 Rileggi i testi e rispondi alle domande.

1 Which group of people first crossed the Bering Strait into America?

2 Which group of settlers came fromGreenland?

3 Which explorer came from Italy?4 Where was Jacques Cartier from?5 Why did the French and the British fight

in the 17th and 18th centuries?6 When did the different colonies of

Canada become one united country?7 When did Canada become independent

from Britain?8 What percentage of Canadians speak

French as their first language?

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He is the starof an America TVdrama called 24.His father is also a famous actor.

She is a femalerock singer who wasborn in Ontario.

He is an actorwith a Hawaiianfirst name whogrew up in Canada.

He is an actor who is the voice of Shrek.

She is a singerwho sang the themesong from the filmTitanic. She sings inLas Vegas now.

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Mike Myers

Celine Dion

Kiefer Sutherland

Avril Lavigne

Keanu Reeves

ClimateSouth Africa has a great variety of climate zones. In the south west, theclimate is Mediterranean, with warmsummers and cool winters. The averageannual temperature in this area is around17ºC and the maximum temperature canreach 32ºC in the summer.

In the desert regions, in the north,temperatures can reach between 38ºCand 42ºC.

The mountainous areas, north east ofCape Town, have the coldest winters. Theaverage annual minimum temperature is -6ºC. It rains during the summer months of November to March, although aroundCape Town there is more rain in winter, from June to August.

Namibia Botswana

Zimbabwe

Cape Town

Johannesburg

DrakensburgMountains

Kruger NationalPark

Kimberley

Pretoria

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South Africa Lesotho

Swaziland

AtlanticOcean

Cape of Good Hope

Indian Ocean

Durban

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South Africa: the place1 Osserva la mappa del Sud Africa e rispondi alle domande sulle città e sulla geografia.

1 Where is Durban? 2 What city is near the Cape of Good Hope? 3 Which side is the Atlantic Ocean: east or west?

Culture

2 T4.32 Ora ascolta e leggi altre informazioni sul Sud Africa. ES

4 Is Pretoria north or south of Johannesburg?5 Which countries are on the border of the

Kruger National Park?

ProduceSouth Africa produces one fifth of the entireproduction of the African continent. It is thelargest producer of gold in the world and hasmany valuable diamond mines. It is alsofamous for its excellent wine. South Africa isthe eighth-largest wine producer in the world.

The ‘Big Hole’ at Kimberley – an early diamond mine

WildlifeNine out of ten tourists who come to South Africa come to see the wildlife. Thereare 580 game parks in South Africa whereyou can see wild animals including zebras,giraffes, monkeys and hippos. The KrugerNational Park is bigger than the country of Wales and it’s got over 140 differentspecies of mammal, 510 species of bird, 115 different species of reptile, 33 species of amphibian and 47 species of fish.

Many people who visit the game parks are hoping to see the Big Five – elephants,lions, buffalo, leopards and the rhinos.

However, not all wildlife is good–mosquitoes kill more than one millionpeople every year in Africa!

People79.4% of the population of South Africa is black, but they come from a variety ofdifferent ethnic groups and speak manydifferent languages. Some of these ethnicgroups, for example, the Zulu, Xhosa, Bapediand Venda groups are unique to South Africa. Others are spread across the borders.The Basotho people are also in Lesotho; theNdebele people also live in Zimbabwe, theTsonga people are also in Mozambique andthe Tswana come mainly from Botswana.

The white 9.3% of the population aredescended mainly from Dutch, German, French and British people. They are dividedinto Afrikaners, who speak Afrikaans, andEnglish speakers.

2.5% of the population describethemselves as Asian. They are mainly Indian in origin and are descended from the workers brought into South Africa towork on the sugar plantations in Natal.

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3 Rispondi alle domande.

1 Which area has the coldest winters?2 Which area has the highest temperatures?3 What percentage of the population is

‘Asian’?4 How many game parks are there in South

Africa?5 Which of these animals is not one of

the Big Five: leopard, elephant, hippo,rhino, lion?

Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domandee prendete appunti. Poi preparate una brevepresentazione orale.• Where are the main Italian national

parks? What is special about each one? What can you see there? Which is the best one? Why?

• What are your own personal ‘Big Five’?Which animals would you like to see if you go on a trip to South Africa?

Presentazione orale

16

South Africa: Nelson Mandela1 Che cosa sai sull’Apartheid? Lavora in coppia e rispondi

alle domande.

1 What does ‘Apartheid’ mean?2 Which country had a system of government called ‘Apartheid’?3 When was it abolished?4 How did other countries react to Apartheid?

2 Ora leggi il testo per vedere se avevi ragione.

Culture

ApartheidThe word ‘Apartheid’ was an Afrikaner word meaning‘separate’. Black people and white people could not go to the same schools, they could not eat in the samerestaurants or live in the same parts of the city. If theywere ill, they had to go to separate hospitals, and theycould not work together. Black people earned lessmoney, if they could find a job. While the whiteminority enjoyed a very high standard of living, theblack majority had a lower income, poor housing, littleeducation and low life expectancy. Apartheid was a system of government in South Africa. It was onlyabolished in 1994. Some countries were angry about it and imposed trade sanctions. Others ignored it.

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Nelson Mandela

3 T4.33 Ascolta e leggi le informazioni su NelsonMandela e abbina i titoli seguenti ai paragraficorretti.

International protest Early life

Freedom at last ANC leader

Robihlahla Nelson Mandela was born on July18th in 1918. His family belonged to theThembu-Xhosa tribe. When he was nine yearsold, his father died and the Thembu king adoptedhim. Nelson went to college and became alawyer. He soon realised that the AfricanNational Party (called the ‘ANP’) was very cruelto black Africans. Nelson decided to try tochange this. He joined a political party called theAfrican National Congress (ANC) with his friends,Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu. They helpedblack people to protest about the situation.

Mandela and his friends helped black Africanswith their legal problems. The African NationalCongress asked Mandela to lead a war againstthe government. Mandela began to do this, buthe was arrested and put in prison on RobbenIsland in 1964.

People in other countries were very angryabout Apartheid. They refused to buy SouthAfrican things in their shops. Pop stars, actorsand opera singers refused to perform in SouthAfrica and sports teams refused to go there.Nelson Mandela was the world’s most famouspolitical prisoner.

On 11th February, 1990, President de Klerk ofSouth Africa ordered the prison on RobbenIsland to free Nelson Mandela after 27 years.Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993and in 1994 he became the first black Africanpresident of South Africa. He married his thirdwife on his 80th birthday and he retired frompublic life when he was 85.

Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domandee prendete appunti. Poi preparate una brevepresentazione orale sui partiti politici italiani.• How old do you need to be in Italy to vote?• How many names of Italian prime

ministers do you know?• How many political parties are there in

Italy? Do you think this is too few / too many or just right?

Presentazione orale

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The flag of the Dominican Republic iswhite, red and blue. It has a white cross withred and blue rectangles in each corner.

The flag of Barbados has two verticalblue stripes with a yellow stripe in the centre.

The flag of Jamaica is green and black,with a diagonal yellow cross in the centre.

The flag of Haiti is half blue and half red.It has a picture of a tree in the centre.

The flag of Dominica is green. It has ayellow, black and white cross, with a picture of a bird in the middle.

The flag of Trinidad and Tobago is red. It has a black diagonal line with a white border.

Culture

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Geography

2 Osserva la mappa dei Caraibi e rispondi alle domande. ES

The Caribbean Islands

Caribbean Sea

Atlantic Ocean

Venezuela

DominicanRepublic

Barbados

Trinidad

Tobago

JamaicaHaiti

Cuba

Puerto Rico

Colombia

Dominica

The CaribbeanNational flags

1 Leggi le descrizioni delle bandiere e abbinale alle immagini.

5 642 3

1 Which two countries share one island?2 Which ocean is north of the Caribbean Sea?

3 Which countries are near Venezuela?4 Which islands are west of Haiti?

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Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domandee prendete appunti. Poi preparate una brevepresentazione orale.• What nationalities are coming to live

in Italy?• What kind of jobs do they do?• Is Italy a multicultural country?

Presentazione orale

In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries,many nationalities fought to controlthe sugar trade in the Caribbean.European settlers brought Africanslaves to work in the sugarplantations. The Caribbean wasdivided into British, French andDutch territories.

During the 20th century, thedescendants of these Europeansettlers and African slaves began to migrate from the Caribbean toBritain and the USA. This wasmainly due to the very poor economicconditions in the Caribbean. Beforethe Second World War, the most populardestination was the USA. After the war,however, the USA introduced restrictions on immigration.

In 1948, Britain passed the NationalityAct. This gave British citizenship to anymember of Britain’s colonies. It became easierfor employers in Britain to recruit workersfrom the Caribbean and other Britishcolonies. The main jobs were in hospitals andon London transport (buses and trains).

In the same year, severalhundred workers left Jamaica on the former troopship, the SS Empire Windrush. Other shipsfollowed soon afterwards andbetween 1948 and 1962, therewas a steady rise in migrationfrom the Caribbean to Britain.This reached a peak in 1961 with66,300 people in one year.

In 1962, Britain introducednew laws restricting immigration,and the number of immigrantsfrom the Caribbean fell to anaverage of about 10,000 per year.

People of Caribbean origin now make upabout 1% of the British population. Theextent of immigration has not always beeneasy with local British people. In the pastthere have been race riots. Nowadays thereis more harmony between cultures as Britainaccepts its multicultural status.

Links with Britain

3 T4.34 Ascolta e leggi le informazioni sull’immigrazione in Gran Bretagna e rispondi alle domande. ES

1 Which country was the most popular destination for emigrants before 1939?

2 What happened in 1948?3 In what year was immigration from the

Caribbean into Britain at its highest?4 What percentage of the British

population is of Caribbean origin?

The CaribbeanThe black community in London is famous for its Caribbean cuisineand there are many Caribbeanrestaurants. A popular dish is jerkchicken. The cooks make holes inthe flesh of the chicken and putspices into them. Many of thevegetables and fruit that Britishpeople regularly eat now cameoriginally from the Caribbean,including pineapples, peppers,avocadoes, potatoes, sweetpotatoes and tomatoes.

Food from the English-speaking world1 Lavora in coppia. Discuti le domande. Poi riferisci le tue risposte

alla classe.

1 Are there any foreign restaurants in your town? Have you ever eaten in them? What did you eat?

2 Which animals would you refuse to eat? 3 Which parts of an animal would you refuse to eat?4 What is your favourite seafood?5 Have you ever eaten any foods which are good for you but

which taste horrible?

2 T4.35 Ora ascolta e leggi i testi su diversi cibi tipici del mondo di lingua inglese. Abbina le foto del cibo ai paesi.

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Culture

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CanadaThere is a wide variety of Canadian cuisine, dependingon the region. In the western provinces, the cuisine hasGerman, Ukrainian, Polish and Scandinavian influencesand includes food like Kassler Rippchen (pork roastedwith cloves) and Spaetzle (dumplings made from flour,eggs and milk).

French-speaking Canada, especially Quebec, has acuisine influenced by France. One famous Quebectradition is the temps des sucres (sugar season).Québecois eat a traditional meal of eggs, baked beans,ham, oreilles de Christ(smoked pig cheeks)and bacon. They coverthe food in maplesyrup. Another typicalQuebec food is atourtière, a pie madewith cubed or mincedpork, veal and beef,baked in a thick deep-dish pie crust.

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3 Ecco cinque cibi del mondo di lingua inglese. Di’ (a) da dove provengono, (b) checosa contengono e (c) come si preparano o si mangiano.

1 witchetty grub 2 jerk chicken 3 hangi 4 smiley 5 tourtière

4 Rileggi i testi e rispondi alle domande.

1 Which popular fruit came orginally from the Caribbean?2 Where in Canada do people eat spaetlze?3 What is the word for Aborigine food from the outback?4 What is a popular meat in New Zealand? Why?5 Where are roasted insects popular?

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Lavorate in coppie, rispondete alle domande e prendete appunti. Poi preparate unabreve presentazione orale sui piatti italiani che preferite.• Which food do you like best from the descriptions? Which would you refuse to eat? • Which Italian food is your favourite food? Why?

Presentazione orale

South Africa In the African communities roasted insects, flying antsand worms are popular and in the townships, peoplelike to eat smileys. A smiley is half a sheep’s head.People roast smileys on little fires outside their housesin the townships.

New Zealand There are more sheep than people in New Zealand,so lamb is a popular dish. New Zealanders alsoenjoy pork and venison, and many types ofseafood, including oysters, mussels, lobster andabalone. A Maori specialty is the hangi. A hangiis an earth oven: a deep hole in the ground, linedwith very hot stones and vegetation. Meat or fishtogether with vegetables, are placed in a basketon top of the stones, then sprinkled with waterand covered with more vegetation and earth. Theheat from the stones steams the food graduallyover several hours.

AustraliaAustralian food is a mix between traditionalfood from the Aborigines and food adaptedfrom the different nationalities who settled in Australia. Barbecues are very popular in thesummer. The most distinctive food is bushtucker, which is originally Aborigine food.This has now become fashionable in manyAustralian restaurants. The most famous bushtucker is the witchetty grub. This is a fatinsect like a caterpillar. You have to hold thehead between your fingers, put it in yourmouth and eat the body.

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